Tag: M.W=100-200

Recommanded Product: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate, is researched, Molecular C6H7NO3, CAS is 118994-89-1, about Direct C2-Heteroarylation of Indoles by Rhodium-Catalyzed C-C Bond Cleavage of Secondary Alcohols. Author is Yu, Tian-Yang; Zheng, Zhao-Jing; Sun, Wei; Qiao, Zi-Heng.

A rhodium-catalyzed direct heteroarylation of indoles by cleavage of an inert C-C bond of alcs. is reported. This catalytic system exhibits high reactivity and tolerates various functional groups. This reaction provides a tool for the rapid construction of biheteroaryls without pre-activation of the starting materials. Control experiments were conducted to determine a possible mechanism. This reaction makes a significant contribution to the field of C-C bond activation of alcs.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Chittari, Pabba; Hamada, Yasumasa; Shioiri, Takayuki researched the compound: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate( cas:118994-89-1 ).Safety of Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate.They published the article 《Synthetic studies on bengazoles of marine sponge origin. Synthesis of the core bis-oxazole fragments》 about this compound( cas:118994-89-1 ) in Synlett. Keywords: bisoxazole bengazole core preparation; oxazole bengazole core preparation. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:118994-89-1).

The core bis-oxazole fragment I (R = OCH2OMe, R1 = CHO) was constructed by the coupling of 5-formyloxazole with lithiated 5-(silyoxymethyl)oxazoles, oxidation of the resulting bis(oxazolyl)methanol (II), followed by the asym. reduction with (R)-(+)-BINAL-H as key steps. Addnl., preparation of bis-oxazole fragment I (R = H, R1 = CH2OSiPh2CMe3) was accomplished by the Barton-McCombie radical deoxygenation reaction of II.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Application of 2150-55-2. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Cysteine. Author is Nagasawa, Toru; Yamada, Hideaki.

A review with 21 references on the microbial conversion of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid  [2150-55-2] to L-cysteine  [52-90-4] and cystine  [56-89-3]; the enzymic synthesis of L-cysteine from β-chloro-L-alanine  [2731-73-9] and Na2S by pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes; and the synthesis of D-cysteine  [921-01-7] by β-chloro-D-alanine dehydrochlorinase  [78990-65-5].

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Application of 1827-27-6. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine, is researched, Molecular C5H5FN2, CAS is 1827-27-6, about 5-Azido-2-aminopyridine, a New Nitrene/Nitrenium Ion Photoaffinity Labeling Agent That Exhibits Reversible Intersystem Crossing between Singlet and Triplet Nitrenes. Author is Panov, Maxim S.; Voskresenska, Valentyna D.; Ryazantsev, Mikhail N.; Tarnovsky, Alexander N.; Wilson, R. Marshall.

The photochem. of a new photoaffinity labeling (PAL) agent, 5-azido-2-(N,N-diethylamino)-pyridine, was studied in aprotic and protic solvents using femtosecond-to-microsecond transient absorption and product anal., in conjunction with ab initio multiconfigurational and multireference quantum chem. calculations The excited singlet S1 state is spectroscopically dark, whereas photoexcitation to higher-lying singlet excited S2 and S3 states drives the photochem. reaction toward a barrierless ultrafast relaxation path via two conical intersections to S1, where N2 elimination leads to the formation of the closed-shell singlet nitrene. The singlet nitrene undergoes intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet nitrene in aprotic and protic solvents as well as protonation to form the nitrenium ion. The ISC rate constants in aprotic solvents increase with solvent polarity, displaying a “”direct”” gap effect, whereas an “”inverse”” gap effect is observed in protic solvents. Transient absorption actinometry experiments suggest that a solvent-dependent fraction from 20% to 50% of nitrenium ions is generated on a time scale of a few tens of picoseconds. The closed-shell singlet and triplet nitrene are separated by a small energy gap in protic solvents. As a result, the unreactive triplet state nitrene undergoes delayed, thermally activated reverse ISC to reform the reactive closed-shell singlet nitrene, which subsequently protonates, forming the remaining fraction of nitrenium ions. The product studies demonstrate that the resulting nitrenium ion stabilized by the electron-donating 4-amino group yields the final cross-linked product with high, almost quant. efficiency. The enhanced PAL function of this new azide with respect to the widely applied 4-amino-3-nitrophenyl azide is discussed.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Ninhydrin-positive components derived from cystine during the cyanide-nitroprusside test》. Authors are Hambraeus, Leif; Reio, Lembitu.The article about the compound:2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acidcas:2150-55-2,SMILESS:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O).Synthetic Route of C4H6N2O2S. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) is conveyed.

NaCN used in the cyanide-nitroprusside test of Brand et. al to determine cystine (I) in urine (CA 24, 3555) could be effectively replaced by NaBH4 which yielded about the same color intensity as when NaCN was used. However, the color produced by NaBH4 faded very quickly. Studies were made to obtain some qual. and quant. data regarding the ninhydrin-pos. components during the reaction between NaCN, I, and Na nitroprusside by means of an automatic amino acid analyzer. When freshly prepared com. NaCN was used, 2 peaks were obtained (one of I and cysteine). With the addition of NaCN and I, no addnl. peak was found, but a new peak appeared which corresponded to 4-carboxythiazolidinon-2-imide (II) formed due to the cleavage of I. With pure I, peaks of II and another peak of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid appeared.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid(SMILESS: O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O,cas:2150-55-2) is researched.Safety of 4-Aminopyrimidine. The article 《Seizures and selective CA-1 hippocampal lesions induced by an excitotoxic cyanide metabolite, 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid》 in relation to this compound, is published in Neurotoxicology. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

Excitatory amino acid (EAA)-like and excitotoxic properties of the secondary metabolite of cyanide, 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (2-ICA), were evaluated because of its possible role in cyanide-induced neurotoxicity. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of 2-ICA in mice produced wild-running seizures that were qual. and quant. similar to seizures observed with glutamate. 2-ICA, kainate, and proline seizures were prevented by both the NMDA and non-NMDA antagonists, MK-801 and CNQX, resp. In contrast, NMDA-induced seizures were prevented by MK-801, but not CNQX. When infused i.c.v. in rats over a 7-day period, 2-ICA produced extensive and selective loss of CA-1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. In hippocampal slices preloaded with D-[3H]aspartate, 2-ICA superfusion did not evoke release nor significantly augment potassium-stimulated release of the radiolabeled transmitter. These findings indicate 2-ICA has excitotoxic properties and its role in cyanide neurotoxicity deserves further study.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 118994-89-1, is researched, Molecular C6H7NO3, about Structure-based lead optimization to improve antiviral potency and ADMET properties of phenyl-1H-pyrrole-carboxamide entry inhibitors targeted to HIV-1 gp120, the main research direction is phenyl pyrrole carboxamide preparation antiviral ADMET HIV1 gp120 structure; ADMET; Broad spectrum; ENV-pseudovirus; HIV-1; Structure-activity relationship (SAR); Virus entry antagonist; “CH(2)OH” switch hypothesis.Safety of Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate.

The authors are continuing the concerted effort to optimize the first lead entry antagonist, NBD-11021, which targets the Phe 43 cavity of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120, to improve antiviral potency and ADMET properties. The authors present a structure-based approach that helped to generate working hypotheses to modify further a recently reported advanced lead entry antagonist, NBD-14107, which showed significant improvement in antiviral potency when tested in a single-cycle assay against a large panel of Env-pseudotyped viruses. The authors report the synthesis of twenty-nine new compounds and evaluation of their antiviral activity in a single-cycle and multi-cycle assay to derive a comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR). The authors have selected three inhibitors with the high selectivity index for testing against a large panel of 55 Env-pseudotyped viruses representing a diverse set of clin. isolates of different subtypes. The antiviral activity of one of these potent inhibitors, 55 (NBD-14189), against some clin. isolates was as low as 63 nM. The authors determined the sensitivity of CD4-binding site mutated-pseudoviruses to these inhibitors to confirm that they target HIV-1 gp120. Furthermore, the authors assessed their ADMET properties and compared them to the clin. candidate attachment inhibitor, BMS-626529. The ADMET data indicate that some of these new inhibitors have comparable ADMET properties to BMS-626529 and can be optimized further to potential clin. candidates.

After consulting a lot of data, we found that this compound(118994-89-1)Safety of Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate can be used in many types of reactions. And in most cases, this compound has more advantages.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Kinetic properties of a L-cysteine desulfhydrase-deficient mutant in the enzymic formation of L-cysteine from D,L-ATC.HPLC of Formula: 2150-55-2.

A mutant strain lacking L-cysteine desulfhydrase was screened after UV treatment of Pseudomonas sp. CU6. The properties of the original and mutant strains were compared on the basis of parameter values estimated from kinetic simulation of the enzymic formation of L-cysteine from D,L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATC). Both strains suffered from product inhibition, but inhibition was less for the mutant strain.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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Edney, Dean; Hulcoop, David G.; Leahy, John H.; Vernon, Lois E.; Wipperman, Mark D.; Bream, Robert N.; Webb, Michael R. published the article 《Development of Flexible and Scalable Routes to Two Phosphatidinylinositol-3-kinase Delta Inhibitors via a Common Intermediate Approach》. Keywords: oxazolylindazole preparation; pyridinylborate haloindazoyloxazole Suzuki coupling.They researched the compound: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate( cas:118994-89-1 ).Recommanded Product: 118994-89-1. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:118994-89-1) here.

This paper describes the discovery and development of a flexible route to two candidate drug mols. by a common intermediate approach. Key reactions include Negishi and Suzuki couplings to form biaryl bonds. Conditions for a Miyaura borylation of heteroaryl bromides were also developed. Heteroaryl trifluoroborates and aryl chlorides were used as coupling partners in the Suzuki reaction, thereby minimizing detrimental side reactions such as protodeboronation and oxidative homocoupling. A complementary set of reaction conditions using pinacolboronates with potassium bifluoride as an additive were also developed and used to make 5 kg of drug substance for use in early-phase clin. trials.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine, is researched, Molecular C5H5FN2, CAS is 1827-27-6, about Amide-containing α-hydroxytropolones as inhibitors of hepatitis B virus replication.Application In Synthesis of 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine.

The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) RNase H (RNaseH) is a promising but unexploited drug target. Here, we synthesized and analyzed a library of 57 amide-containing α-hydroxytropolones (αHTs) as potential leads for HBV drug development. Fifty percent effective concentrations ranged from 0.31 to 54μM, with selectivity indexes in cell culture of up to 80. Activity against the HBV RNaseH was confirmed in semi-quant. enzymic assays with recombinant HBV RNaseH. The compounds were overall poorly active against human RNase H1, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 5.1 to >1,000μM. The aHTs had modest activity against growth of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, but had very limited activity against growth of the Gram – bacterium Escherichia coli and the Gram + bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, indicating substantial selectivity for HBV. A mol. model of the HBV RNaseH templated against the Ty3 RNaseH was generated. Docking the compounds to the RNaseH revealed the anticipated binding pose with the divalent cation coordinating motif on the compounds chelating the two Mn++ ions modeled into the active site. These studies reveal that that amide aHTs can be strong, specific HBV inhibitors that merit further assessment toward becoming anti-HBV drugs.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem