Tag: 400-500

Fatoki, Toluwase Hezekiah; Ibraheem, Omodele; Ogunyemi, Ibukun Oladejo; Akinmoladun, Afolabi Clement; Ugboko, Harriet U.; Adeseko, Catherine Joke; Awofisayo, Oladoja A.; Olusegun, Sunday Joseph; Enibukun, Jesupemi Mercy published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Network analysis, sequence and structure dynamics of key proteins of coronavirus and human host, and molecular docking of selected phytochemicals of nine medicinal plants.Computed Properties of 55779-48-1 And the article contains the following content:

The novel coronavirus of 2019 (nCoV-19) has become a pandemic, affecting over 205 nations with over 7,410,000 confirmed cases which has resulted to over 418,000 deaths worldwide. This study aimed to identify potential therapeutic compounds and phytochems. of medicinal plants that have potential to modulate the expression network of genes that are involve in SARS-CoV-2 pathol. in human host and to understand the dynamics key proteins involved in the virus-host interactions. The method used include gene network anal., mol. docking, and sequence and structure dynamics simulations. The results identified DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and Protein kinase CK2 as key players in SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle. Among the predicted drugs compounds, clemizole, monorden, spironolactone and tanespimycin showed high binding energies; among the studied repurposing compounds, remdesivir, simeprevir and valinomycin showed high binding energies; among the predicted acidic compounds, acetylursolic acid and hardwickiic acid gave high binding energies; while among the studied anthraquinones and glycosides compounds, ellagitannin and friedelanone showed high binding energies against 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Papain-like protease (PLpro), helicase (nsp13), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12), 2′-O-ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2 and DNA-PK and CK2alpha in human. The order of affinity for CoV proteins is 5Y3E > 6NUS > 6JYT > 2XYR > 3VB6. Finally, medicinal plants with phytochems. such as caffeine, ellagic acid, quercetin and their derivatives could possibly remediate COVID-19. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Computed Properties of 55779-48-1

The Article related to human covid19 virus mol docking dynamic simulation free energy, covid-19, sars-cov-2, drug discovery, gene expression network, molecular docking and dynamics simulation, Pharmacology: Structure-Activity and other aspects.Computed Properties of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On June 15, 2020, Weihs, Felix; Gel, Murat; Wang, Jian; Anderson, Alisha; Trowell, Stephen; Dacres, Helen published an article.COA of Formula: C26H21N3O3 The title of the article was Development and characterisation of a compact device for rapid real-time-on-chip detection of thrombin activity in human serum using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). And the article contained the following:

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a sensitive optical detection method that can monitor changes in the relative orientation and the phys. proximity of mols. in real-time. Since the light is generated internally by a bioluminescent protein, BRET does not rely on an external light source. The use of BRET simultaneously simplifies the hardware required for sensing and offers improved detection limits and sensitivity for applications targeting point-of-care bio-sensing. In this paper, we report a compact micro reactor integrating a thermostat with a re-useable glass-chip comprising a chaotic mixer, an incubation channel and optical detection chamber. The device was optimized to detect thrombin activities in serum, achieving a thrombin detection limit of 38μU/μl in 10% (volume/volume) human serum in a 5 min assay time. This is a 90% assay time reduction, compared with previous BRET-based work or other technologies. The low cost associated with this approach, low interference from human serum and other proteases and good reproducibility (CV = 0.2-3.6%), establish new performance standards for point-of-care diagnostics with samples of human serum. Importantly, measuring protease activity levels, rather than concentrations, is the most informative approach for clin. diagnostics. Of the recently reported ultra-sensitive thrombin sensing techniques, this is the only one to measure thrombin activity in serum dilutions, rather than simply quantifying thrombin concentrations The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).COA of Formula: C26H21N3O3

The Article related to serum thrombin real timeon chip bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, blood analysis, lab-on-a-chip, microfluidics, optical sensor, protease activity, thrombin, Biochemical Methods: Biological and other aspects.COA of Formula: C26H21N3O3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On November 5, 2021, Mizuno, Gaku; Yano, Daichi; Paitio, Jose; Endo, Hiromitsu; Oba, Yuichi published an article.Electric Literature of 55779-48-1 The title of the article was Etmopterus lantern sharks use coelenterazine as substrate for their luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence system. And the article contained the following:

The lantern shark genus Etmopterus contains approx. 40 species of deep-sea bioluminescent cartilaginous fishes. They emit blue light mainly from the ventral body surface. The biol. functions of this bioluminescence have been discussed based on the luminescence patterns, but the bioluminescence mechanism remains uncertain. In this study, we detected both coelenterazine and coelenterazine-dependent luciferase activity in the ventral photophore tissue of Etmopterus molleri. The results suggested that bioluminescence in lantern sharks is produced using coelenterazine as the substrate for the luciferin-luciferase reaction, as some luminous bony fishes. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Electric Literature of 55779-48-1

The Article related to coelenterazine luciferin luciferase bioluminescence etmopterus, bioluminescence, coelenterazine, etmopterus, lantern shark, luciferase, luciferin, Biochemical Methods: Biological and other aspects.Electric Literature of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On April 2, 2022, Bashmakova, Eugenia E.; Panamarev, Nikita S.; Kudryavtsev, Alexander N.; Frank, Ludmila A. published an article.COA of Formula: C26H21N3O3 The title of the article was N-extended photoprotein obelin to competitively detect small protein tumor markers. And the article contained the following:

Two variants of Ca2+-regulated photoprotein obelin, extended from the N-terminus with small tumor markers – melanoma inhibitory activity protein (MIA) and survivin, one of the protein inhibitors of apoptosis, were designed, obtained and studied. Both domains in the obtained hybrid proteins exhibit the properties of the initial mols.: the main features of Ca2+-triggered bioluminescence are close to those of obelin, and the tumor markers domains are recognized and bound by the corresponding antibodies. The obtained hybrids compete with the corresponding tumor markers for binding with antibodies, immobilized on the surface and their use has been shown to be promising as bioluminescent labels in a one-stage solid-phase competitive immunoassay. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).COA of Formula: C26H21N3O3

The Article related to photoprotein obelin protein tumor marker, competitive assay, genetic fusion, photoprotein obelin, tumor marker, Biochemical Methods: Biological and other aspects.COA of Formula: C26H21N3O3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On February 28, 2019, Chen, Jie; Landegger, Lukas D.; Sun, Yao; Ren, Jun; Maimon, Nir; Wu, Limeng; Ng, Mei R.; Chen, John W.; Zhang, Na; Zhao, Yingchao; Gao, Xing; Fujita, Takeshi; Roberge, Sylvie; Huang, Peigen; Jain, Rakesh K.; Plotkin, Scott R.; Stankovic, Konstantina M.; Xu, Lei published an article.Electric Literature of 55779-48-1 The title of the article was A cerebellopontine angle mouse model for the investigation of tumor biology, hearing, and neurological function in NF2-related vestibular schwannoma. And the article contained the following:

Neurofibromatosis type II (NF2) is a disease that lacks effective therapies. NF2 is characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs) that cause progressive and debilitating hearing loss, leading to social isolation and increased rates of depression. A major limitation in NF2 basic and translational research is the lack of animal models that allow the full spectrum of research into the biol. and mol. mechanisms of NF2 tumor progression, as well as the effects on neurol. function. In this protocol, we describe how to inject schwannoma cells into the mouse brain cerebellopontine angle (CPA) region. We also describe how to apply state-of-the-art intravital imaging and hearing assessment techniques to study tumor growth and hearing loss. In addition, ataxia, angiogenesis, and tumor-stroma interaction assays can be applied, and the model can be used to test the efficacy of novel therapeutic approaches. By studying the disease from every angle, this model offers the potential to unravel the basic biol. underpinnings of NF2 and to develop novel therapeutics to control this devastating disease. Our protocol can be adapted to study other diseases within the CPA, including meningiomas, lipomas, vascular malformations, hemangiomas, epidermoid cysts, cerebellar astrocytomas, and metastatic lesions. The entire surgical procedure takes ∼45 min per mouse and allows for subsequent longitudinal imaging, as well as neurol. and hearing assessment, for up to 2 mo. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Electric Literature of 55779-48-1

The Article related to hearing neurofibromatosis 2 schwannoma cerebellopontine angle mouse model, Biochemical Methods: Biological and other aspects.Electric Literature of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On April 30, 2019, Kobayashi, Hiroyuki; Picard, Louis-Philippe; Schonegge, Anne-Marie; Bouvier, Michel published an article.Recommanded Product: 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one The title of the article was Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based imaging of protein-protein interactions in living cells. And the article contained the following:

Because BRET occurs when the distance between the donor and acceptor is <10 nm, and its efficiency is inversely proportional to the sixth power of distance, it has gained popularity as a proximity-based assay to monitor protein-protein interactions and conformational rearrangements in live cells. In such assays, one protein of interest is fused to a bioluminescent energy donor (luciferases from Renilla reniformis or Oplophorus gracilirostris), and the other protein is fused to a fluorescent energy acceptor (such as GFP or YFP). Because the BRET donor does not require an external light source, it does not lead to phototoxicity or autofluorescence. It therefore represents an interesting alternative to fluorescence-based imaging such as FRET. However, the low signal output of BRET energy donors has limited the spatiotemporal resolution of BRET imaging. Here, we describe how recent improvements in detection devices and BRET probes can be used to markedly improve the resolution of BRET imaging, thus widening the field of BRET imaging applications. The protocol described herein involves three main stages. First, cell preparation and transfection require 3 d, including cell culture time. Second, image acquisition takes 10-120 min per sample, after an initial 60 min for microscope setup. Finally, image anal. typically takes 1-2 h. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Recommanded Product: 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

The Article related to bioluminescence resonance energy transfer living cell protein interaction, Biochemical Methods: Biological and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Mizui, Yuki; Eguchi, Masatoshi; Tanaka, Masanobu; Ikeda, Yuma; Yoshimura, Hideaki; Ozawa, Takeaki; Citterio, Daniel; Hiruta, Yuki published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Long-term single cell bioluminescence imaging with C-3 position protected coelenterazine analogues.Quality Control of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one And the article contains the following content:

Bioluminescence is a powerful imaging modality for monitoring biol. phenomena both in vitro and in vivo. Bioluminescence imagin (BLI) is becoming a seamless imaging technol. covering the range from cells to organs of small animals. Long-term imaging at the single cell level would lead to a true understanding of the dynamics of life phenomena. This work presents a long-term single cell bioluminescence imaging technol. accomplished with C-3 position protected furimazines (FMZs), a CTZ analogs, which generate intense blue emission when paired with a highly stable engineered luciferase, Nanoluc. Four types of FMZs protected at the C-3 position have been synthesized. The type and steric bulkiness of the protection group strongly contributed to storage stability and the kinetics of the bioluminescence reactions of the analogs in human living cells. In particular, two developed FMZ analogs resulted in significantly longer bioluminescence emission with higher S/N ratio than FMZ at single cell level. Long-term bioluminescence single cell imaging technol. with the developed FMZ analogs will lead to seamless imaging in the range from cells to organs of small animals. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Quality Control of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

The Article related to bioluminescence imaging coelenterazine storage stability reaction kinetics, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Quality Control of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On May 1, 2020, Ikeda, Yuma; Tanaka, Masanobu; Nishihara, Ryo; Hiruta, Yuki; Citterio, Daniel; Suzuki, Koji; Niwa, Kazuki published an article.Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1 The title of the article was Quantitative evaluation of luminescence intensity from enzymatic luminescence reaction of coelenterazine and analogues. And the article contained the following:

Recent advances in bioluminescence technol. rely on the discovery of luciferin-luciferase pairs having excellent luminescence activity. Here, we focus on coelenterazine (CTZ) and its analogs and quant. investigate reaction factors, including bioluminescence reaction quantum yield (φBL) and enzyme reaction kinetics (turnover rate, kcat), determining the luminescence intensity to design brighter reaction systems. Initially, it was confirmed that the CTZ was kept stable during the storage and the φBL value measuring experiment in terms of comparative study using benzyl-protected CTZ. Using a luminometer whose absolute responsivity is calibrated for each luminescence reaction spectrum, we absolutely measured φBL and other reaction factors of CTZ and 3 types of blue-shifted CTZ analogs, CTZ 400a, 6-pi-H-CTZ and 6-pi-Ph-CTZ. The results suggested that there was no significant difference in reaction kinetics, but a clear difference in φBL (up to 22-fold), which was presumably due to an improvement in fluorescence quantum yield (φFL) of the corresponding coelenteramide (CTMD), oxidized form of CTZ. Our evaluation suggests that the design of CTZ analogs considering φFL is important for developing a bright luminescent reaction system. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1

The Article related to tert butoxycarbonyl coelenterazine bioluminescence spectrum charge coupled device, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

O′Sullivan, Justin J.; Medici, Valentina; Heffern, Marie C. published an article in 2022, the title of the article was A caged imidazopyrazinone for selective bioluminescence detection of labile extracellular copper(II).Category: pyrazines And the article contains the following content:

Copper is an essential redox-active metal that plays integral roles in biol. ranging from enzymic catalysis to mitochondrial respiration. However, if not adequately regulated, this redox activity has the potential to cause oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species. Indeed, the dysregulation of copper has been associated with a variety of disease states including diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and multiple cancers. While increasing tools are being developed for illuminating labile intracellular copper pools and the trafficking pathways in which they are involved, significantly less attention has been given to the analogus extracellular labile pool. To address this gap, we have developed a bioluminescence-based imaging probe, picolinic ester caged-diphenylterazine (pic-DTZ) for monitoring labile, extracellular copper using a coelenterazine-like imidazopyrazinone and the genetically-engineered, marine-based luciferase, nanoluciferase. Unlike the more commonly-used firefly luciferase, nanoluciferase does not require ATP, allowing its application to the extracellular milieu. pic-DTZ demonstrates high metal and oxidation state selectivity for Cu(II) in aqueous buffer as well as selectivity for labile pools over coordinatively inaccessible protein-bound Cu(II). We demonstrate the potential of pic-DTZ as a diagnostic tool in human serum and plasma for copper-associated diseases. Addnl., we apply pic-DTZ to lend insight into the extracellular copper dynamic in anticancer treatments. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Category: pyrazines

The Article related to extracellular copper imidazopyrazinone selective bioluminescence detection, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Aulestia, Francisco J.; Webb, Sarah E.; Chan, Ching Man; Tse, Man Kit; Neant, Isabelle; Moreau, Marc; Miller, Andrew L.; Leclerc, Catherine published an article in 2021, the title of the article was A simple bioluminescence-based method for recording Ca2+ signaling in the cytosol or mitochondria of neural progenitor cells from the adult zebrafish brain.Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1 And the article contains the following content:

Neurospheres derived from the adult zebrafish brain are a convenient model for investigating the initial stages of neurogenesis. Neurospheres are composed of stem cells, which have the ability to either self-renew or differentiate into specialized cells (i.e., neurons and glial cells) if cultured in an appropriate medium. It has previously been suggested that Ca2+ signaling in the cytosol and mitochondria might play some role in neurogenesis. Ca2+ signals can be recorded using the non-toxic bioluminescent Ca2+ reporter complex, holoaequorin. We have developed a novel electroporation protocol to load neurospheres with cDNA encoding either mitochondrial-targeted EGFP-apoaequorin (MitGA) or the cytosolic-targeted EGFP-apoaequorin (CytGA). We show that within ∼24 h after electroporation, each of these apoaequorin proteins were expressed in ∼20% of the neurosphere cells. In addition, after reconstitution of holoaequorin by incubation of the cells with its luminophore, coelenterazine, dynamic changes in [Ca2+] in the cytosol and mitochondria were imaged using a custom-built electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD)-based photon imaging microscope (PIM) system or measured using a photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based luminescence detection system, after activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1

The Article related to calcium adult zebrafish brain cytosol mitochondria neural progenitor cell, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem