Tag: 100-200

BA-12 inhibits angiogenesis via glutathione metabolism activation was written by Cui, Herong;Guo, Wenbo;Zhang, Beibei;Li, Guoping;Li, Tong;Yuan, Yanyan;Zhang, Na;Yang, Yuwei;Feng, Wuwen;Chu, Fuhao;Wang, Shenglan;Xu, Bing;Wang, Penglong;Lei, Haimin. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2019.Safety of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

There is a need for an efficient and low-cost leading compound discovery mode. However, drug development remains slow, expensive, and risky. Here, this manuscript proposes a leading compound discovery strategy based on a combination of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas and pharmacochem., using a ligustrazine-betulinic acid derivative (BA-12) in the treatment of angiogenesis as an example. Blocking angiogenesis to inhibit the growth and metastasis of solid tumors is currently one recognized therapy for cancer in the clinic. Firstly, based on a traditional Prunella vulgaris plaster, BA-12 was synthesized according to our previous study, as it exhibited better antitumor activities than other derivatives on human bladder carcinoma cells (T24); it was then uploaded for target prediction. Secondly, the efficacy and biotoxicity of BA-12 on angiogenesis were evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), a quail chick chorioallantoic membrane, and Caenorhabditis elegans. According to the prediction results, the main mechanisms of BA-12 were metabolic pathways. Thus, multiple metabolomics approaches were applied to reveal the mechanisms of BA-12. Finally, the predictive mechanisms of BA-12 on glutathione metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism activation were validated using targeted metabolomics and pharmacol. assays. This strategy may provide a reference for highly efficient drug discovery, with the aim of sharing TCM wisdom for unmet clin. needs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Safety of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Safety of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Studies on the reaction of π-deficient heterocycles with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of cyanide ion was written by Higashino, Takeo;Goi, Masami;Hayashi, Eisaku. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1976.Quality Control of Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine This article mentions the following:

Dimerization of π-deficient heterocycles was catalyzed by cyanide ion in Me2SO. Thus, reaction of quinoxaline, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine(I), 1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (II), and pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (III) with cyanide ion gave 2,2′-biquinoxaline, 4,4′-bis[1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine] (IV), 4,4′-bis[1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine], and 2,2′-bispyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, resp., although the yields of these dimers were very poor. π-Deficient heterocycles with RC6H4CHO (V, R = o-, m-, p-MeO, Cl, Me, etc.) in the presence of cyanide ion in Me2SO underwent a cross benzoin condensation reaction. Thus, 4-isoquinolinecarbonitrile reacted with V to give α-aryl-4-cyano-1-isoquinolinemethanol and aryl 4-cyano-1-isoquinolyl ketone together with 1,1′-biisoquinoline-4,4′-dicarbonitrile. Similarly, quinoxaline and V gave α-aryl-2-quinoxalinemethanol and aryl 2-quinoxalinyl ketone, I and V gave α-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-methanol and aryl 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl ketone, II and V produced α-aryl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-methanol and aryl 1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl ketone, and III and V formed aryl 2-pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazinyl ketone VI. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Quality Control of Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Quality Control of Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Ionization constants of heterocyclic substances. II. Hydroxy-derivatives of nitrogenous six-membered ring-compounds was written by Albert, Adrien;Phillips, J. N.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1956.COA of Formula: C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

Acidic and basic ionization constants were determined potentiometrically and in some cases spectrometrically for 87 hydroxy (and related) derivatives of pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phenazine, triazine, 1,4,5-triazanaphthalene, and 1,4,6-triazanaphthalene. The tautomeric equilibrium between enol and amide in α and γ-hydroxy derivatives greatly favor the amide form. The preparation of 2-methoxypyrazine, b₂₉ 60-1°, and 3-hydroxypyridine methochloride were described. A m.p. of 57° was reported for 2-methyl-1-isoquinolone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3COA of Formula: C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.COA of Formula: C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Dabigatran Etexilate Mimics, a Novel Class of Thrombin Inhibitors was written by Wang, Shaochi;Dai, Peng;Xu, Yungen;Chen, Qiufang;Zhu, Qihua;Gong, Guoqing. And the article was included in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) in 2015.Safety of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Human α-thrombin is a particularly promising target for anticoagulant therapy, and identification of oral small-mol. inhibitors of thrombin remains a research focus. On the basis of the x-ray crystal structure of human α-thrombin and its inhibitor dabigatran, we designed and synthesized a series of dabigatran etexilate mimics containing a novel tricyclic fused scaffold. The biol. evaluations reveal that all of the compounds possess moderate activity of antiplatelet aggregation induced by thrombin in vitro. Moreover, compound (I), which contains 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (HTMP), a cleavable moiety with antiplatelet activity, shows the best anticoagulant effect among the tested compounds in vivo. Those synthesized compounds that have better in vitro activity were subjected to bleeding complication tests, and the results demonstrate that the novel compounds are less likely to have bleeding risk than dabigatran etexilate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Safety of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Safety of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

1D polymeric copper(II) complexes containing bridging tridentate pyrazinato and terminal chloro or azido anions. Synthesis, spectral, structural and thermal study of [CuCl(pyrazinato)(H₂O)]_n and [Cu(N₃)(pyrazinato)(H₂O)]_n complexes was written by Goher, Mohamed A. S.;Abu-Youssef, Morsy A. M.;Mautner, Franz A.. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 1998.Formula: C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Polymeric [CuCl(pyrazinato)(H₂O)]_n (1) and [Cu(N₃)(pyrazinato)(H₂O)]_n (2) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and x-ray crystallog. (1: monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, R₁ = 0.0368; 2: monoclinic, space group I2/a, R₁ = 0.0908). The overall spectral results indicate that these complexes contain tridentate pyrazinato ligands, terminal chloride or azide groups and aqua mols. In the structure of complex 1, each copper atom, which is chelated by oxygen and nitrogen atoms of a pyrazinato anion, links a chloride, an oxygen atom from an aqua mol. and the 2nd nitrogen from a pyrazinato group of a neighboring unit giving rise to a 1-dimensional polymeric structure. The structure of complex 2, which is very similar to 1, features a five coordinate copper(II) atom, a N,N,O-tridentate bridging pyrazinato ligand, a terminal azido ligand and an aqua mol. in a 1-dimensional polymer. There are different types of hydrogen bonds in both complexes. The thermal decomposition of 1 and 2 was studied thermogravimetrically in nitrogen atm. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Formula: C7H8N2O2).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Formula: C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Design and synthesis of potent carboxylic acid DGAT1 inhibitors with high cell permeability was written by Bali, Ustav;Barba, Oscar;Dawson, Graham;Gattrell, William T.;Horswill, James G.;Pan, David A.;Procter, Martin J.;Rasamison, Chrystelle M.;Sambrook Smith, Colin P.;Taylor-Warne, Amanda;Wong-Kai-In, Philippe. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2012.Product Details of 1209459-10-8 This article mentions the following:

A series of potent carboxylic acid, e.g., I, as DGAT1 inhibitors with high permeability were developed from a virtual screening hit. Strategies were employed to reduce Pgp substrate recognition and increase passive permeability, resulting in the discovery of a series showing good inhibition of cellular triglyceride synthesis. The mutagenic potential of prospective metabolites was evaluated and one aniline was shown to be devoid of mutagenicity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-5-fluoropyrazine (cas: 1209459-10-8Product Details of 1209459-10-8).

2-Bromo-5-fluoropyrazine (cas: 1209459-10-8) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Product Details of 1209459-10-8

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Using Intelligent/Random Library Screening To Design Focused Libraries for the Optimization of Homogeneous Catalysts: Ullmann Ether Formation was written by Fagan, Paul J.;Hauptman, Elisabeth;Shapiro, Rafael;Casalnuovo, Albert. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2000.Product Details of 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

A 96-member pyridine library consisting of both rationally chosen and random members was used to screen Ullmann ether forming reactions. The reaction of 2-bromo-4,6-dimethylaniline and other substrates with a variety of alkoxides was studied under different conditions with the aid of an automated liquid handler. From the results of the 96-member library screening, a structure activity profile was determined which led to the design of smaller focused ligand libraries. The focused libraries produced a higher frequency of hits compared to the original 96-member library. Some of the more effective ligands discovered in this work are generally useful for alkoxylation of a variety of substrates, and also functioned in intramol. ether forming reactions. This work demonstrates for homogeneous catalysis the analogy to the pharmacol. model of drug discovery. By using a large library to screen for a lead compound followed by screening the diversity space closest to the lead, a larger fraction of increased performance ligands was discovered. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Product Details of 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazinesâ€? found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “greenâ€?flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.Product Details of 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Nitrogen-15 NMR spectroscopy of some azines was written by Stefaniak, L.;Roberts, John D.;Witanowski, M.;Webb, G. A.. And the article was included in Organic Magnetic Resonance in 1984.Related Products of 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

¹⁵N NMR shielding data are presented for 56 cyclic azines in 0.5 M DMSO with 0.01 M increments of Cr[CH(COMe)₂]₃ added for each N atom in the mols. For the polyazines, the ¹⁵N signal assignments were based on ²J(NH) interactions and some INDO/S-SOS shielding calculations The effects of α-, β- and γ-Me and conjugated-ring substitution on N shielding are discussed, as are the influences arising from fusion with alicyclic and aromatic rings at various positions. The effects of a 2nd N atom on the shielding of the 1st depend critically on both their relative positions and on the fusion site of conjugated ring systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Related Products of 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Related Products of 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of ADTM: a novel danshensu derivative confers cardioprotection by HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS was written by Li, Sai;Shan, Luchen;Zhang, Zaijun;Li, Wei;Liao, Kaiyi;Li, Sha;Sheng, Xiaoyan;Yu, Pei;Wang, Yuqiang. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatographic Science in 2015.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

(R)-(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazinyl) methyl-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl) propanoate (ADTM) is a novel Danshensu (DSS) derivative regarded as a potential new agent for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. A validated high performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) approach with a detection limit of 5 ng/mL was used for pharmacokinetic evaluation of ADTM in rat plasma. The intra- and interday precision in terms of relative standard deviation were <4.98 and 4.84%, resp., at concentration levels of 0.02, 0.20 and 0.80 μg/mL. ADTM’s absolute oral bioavailability value was 30.4% and t1/2 was 34.33 ± 11.51 and 29.94 ± 8.19 min after oral and i.v. administration of 20 mg/kg. In addition, the major metabolites both in vitro and in vivo were 2-hydroxymethy-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin and DSS. The results indicated that the hydrolysis was the main metabolic pathway of ADTM, and carboxylesterase may play an important role in ADTM’s metabolism The present work provides basic information for ADTM’s further preclin. research and DSS’s chem. structure modification. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Category: pyrazines).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Studies on the metabolites of tetramethylpyrazine in rabbits was written by Chen, Xin;Dong, Shannian. And the article was included in Yaoxue Xuebao in 1996.Electric Literature of C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

The metabolites of tetramethylpyrazine (TMPz) in rabbits were separated by HPLC and solvent extraction Their structures were identified by UV, IR, MS and NMR spectroscopy. The possible metabolic ways of TMPz are oxidation of 1 of the 4 Me groups to hydroxymethyl and carboxyl group forming 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (TMPzD21) and 3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (TMPzD2). The data were confirmed by the identity of HPLC data and the spectral parameters of the metabolites in vivo and the compounds objectively synthesized from TMPz. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Electric Literature of C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Electric Literature of C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem