Pyrazines

The effect of acceptor structure on emission color tuning in organic semiconductors with D-π-A-π-D structures was written by Ledwon, Przemyslaw;Wiosna-Salyga, Gabriela;Chapran, Marian;Motyka, Radoslaw. And the article was included in Nanomaterials in 2019.Application of 148231-12-3 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel donor-acceptor D-π-A-π-D compounds were synthesized and characterized in order to determine the influence of different acceptor units on their properties. The introduction of acceptor moieties had a direct impact on the HOMO and LUMO energy levels. Fluorescence spectra of compounds can be changed by the choice of an appropriate acceptor and were shifted from the green to the near-IR part of spectra. Due to observed concentration induced emission quenching, the green exciplex type host was used to evaluate the potential of synthesized mols. as emitters in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Application of 148231-12-3).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Substituted pyrazines have been found as subunits of multiple synthetically constructed therapeutic agents, as well as several natural products.Application of 148231-12-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Separation and characterization of chloroform-soluble preasphaltenes in non-distillable coal liquids was written by Allen, Todd W.;Hurtubise, Robert J.;Silver, Howard F.. And the article was included in Fuel in 1987.Computed Properties of C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

N compounds and hydroxy-aromatics from CHCl₃-soluble/PhMe-insoluble preasphaltenes of a Kentucky coal-liquid sample were characterized by elemental anal., IR spectroscopy and field-ionization mass spectrometry. A similar approach was used for the general characterization of the pyridine-soluble/CHCl₃-insoluble preasphaltenes. A new HPLC method was applied for the separation of a N-compound fraction and a hydroxy-aromatic fraction from the CHCl₃-soluble/PhMe-insoluble preasphaltenes. The chromatog. method was very selective in separating polar N compounds and polar hydroxy-aromatics The separation order within a given fraction was based on increasing polarity of the compounds Spectral results indicated that the CHCl₃-soluble preasphaltenes were composed of structures with mol. weights ≈ 200-800 and were predominantly mono- and dihydroxy compounds In addition, nonhydroxy compounds that contained pyrrolic functionality were present. Solubility information for the preasphaltenes in various solvents was also obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Computed Properties of C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Computed Properties of C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Alkylating reduction of some polynitrogen heteroaromatic compounds was written by Cosmao, Jean Marie;Collignon, Noel;Queguiner, Guy. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1979.Electric Literature of C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

The reduction-alkylation of quinoxaline, phthalazine and pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine by KBH₄ in a carboxylic acid medium is described. HCO₂H, HOAc, ClCH₂CO₂H, and EtCO₂H were used. The diazine ring of the mol. was reduced and alkylated into an N,N‘-dialkyltetrahydro compound With quinoxaline and HCO₂H, N-formylation may be an important factor. Sodium borodeuteride gave a hexadeuterated compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Electric Literature of C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazines”) found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “green” flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.Electric Literature of C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Hydrophobicity parameter of diazines. III. Relationship of partition coefficients of monosubstituted diazines and pyridines in different partitioning systems was written by Yamagami, Chisako;Takao, Narao;Fujita, Toshio. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1993.SDS of cas: 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

The logarithm of the 1-octanol-water partition coefficient value (log P_oct) was compared with those from CHCl₃-water (log P_CL) and di-n-Bu ether-water (log P_E) for (di)azines substituted singly by nonhydrogen-bonding and hydrogen-accepting substituents (2-substituted pyrazines, 2-substituted pyrimidines, and 2-substituted pyridines). The difference between log P_oct and log P_CL for diazines was primarily governed by the number of hydrogen-bonding sites in the substituent. For 2-substituted pyridines, the difference in the hydrogen-bonding association of the ring N-atom with octanol from that with CHCl₃ was also significant. In the relationship between log P_oct and log P_E, the hydrogen-bonding solvations of the ring N-atom(s), as well as the hydrogen-accepting substituent with octanol, should be taken into account because the Bu ether acts as a nonhydrogen-bonding solvent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1SDS of cas: 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. Substituted pyrazines have been found as subunits of multiple synthetically constructed therapeutic agents, as well as several natural products.SDS of cas: 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Preparation of polystyryl-1,5-naphthyridine, polystyrylpyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, and some of their copper(II) complexes was written by Valera, Nestor S.;Hendricker, David G.. And the article was included in Polymer in 1981.SDS of cas: 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

Poly(styryl-1,5-naphthyridine) and poly(styrylpyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine) Cu (II) complexes were prepared by lithiation of brominated divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer, followed by addition of 1,5-naphthyridine or pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, resp. Cu(NO₃)₂ was added to the polystyryl compounds, and the resulting complexes were characterized by elemental anal. and IR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3SDS of cas: 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Substituted pyrazines have been found as subunits of multiple synthetically constructed therapeutic agents, as well as several natural products.SDS of cas: 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Development of 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine palmitate-loaded lipid emulsion: formulation, optimization, characterization, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and pharmacodynamics was written by Cao, Ran;Li, Qian;Li, Hui;Chu, Ting;Jin, Hui;Mao, Sheng-jun. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Targeting in 2013.SDS of cas: 75907-74-3 This article mentions the following:

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is used to treat cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. However, it displays a short half-life that restricts clin. applications. 2-Hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (HTMP) is the principal active metabolite of TMP, with similar activity of TMP. Therefore, it makes sense to improve the biopharmaceutical characteristics via HTMP bypassing TMP. Purpose: To prolong the half-life of HTMP and achieve improved bioavailability and efficacy compared to com. available product of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate injection (TMPP-I). A lipophilic prodrug of HTMP, palmitate of HTMP (HTMPP) was synthesized, and then the lipid emulsion of HTMPP was developed. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was applied to evaluate the efficacy in different administration group. The optimized formulation consisted of 1.5% (w/v) HTMPP, 15% (w/v) soybean oil, 1.2% (w/v) soybean lecithin and 0.3% (w/v) poloxamer 188. The AUC_0-180 min and the half-life of HTMP in HTMPP-LE was 2.05-fold and 1.48-fold greater than that in TMPP-I. The brain AUC_0-120 min of HTMP in HTMPP-LE group increased by 145.6% compared to that in TMPP-I group. These differences could be primarily attributed to dissimilar metabolism between HTMPP and TMP. Consistently, HTMPP-LE exhibited better efficacy on ischemia/reperfusion model than TMPP-I. The developed HTMPP-LE suggests a great therapeutic potential for clin. applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3SDS of cas: 75907-74-3).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazines”) found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “green” flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.SDS of cas: 75907-74-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Structurally diverse covalent triazine-based framework materials for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water was written by Meier, Christian B.;Clowes, Rob;Berardo, Enrico;Jelfs, Kim E.;Zwijnenburg, Martijn A.;Sprick, Reiner Sebastian;Cooper, Andrew I.. And the article was included in Chemistry of Materials in 2019.Electric Literature of C8H4Br2N2 This article mentions the following:

A structurally diverse family of 39 covalent triazine-based framework materials (CTFs) are synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensation and tested as hydrogen evolution photocatalysts using a high-throughput workflow. The two best-performing CTFs are based on benzonitrile and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone linkers, resp., with catalytic activities that are among the highest for this material class. The activities of the different CTFs are rationalized in terms of four variables: the predicted electron affinity, the predicted ionization potential, the optical gap, and the dispersibility of the CTFs particles in solution, as measured by optical transmittance. The electron affinity and dispersibility in solution are found to be the best predictors of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Electric Literature of C8H4Br2N2).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Electric Literature of C8H4Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine and pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-N-oxide as selective glycine antagonists was written by Cugola, Alfredo;Donati, Daniele;Guarneri, M.;Micheli, Fabrizio;Missio, Andrea;Pecunioso, Angelo;Reggiani, Angelo;Tarzia, G.;Zanirato, V.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 1996.Synthetic Route of C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines and pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines-N-oxides have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro/in vivo antagonistic activity at the glycine site on the NMDA receptor. Efforts to improve the glycine vs. AMPA selectivity focussed on both aromatic substitution and on modification of the heterocyclic ring. The compounds showed a good affinity for the glycine binding site and > 100-fold selectivity vs. the AMPA receptor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Synthetic Route of C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Synthetic Route of C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Determination of tetramethylpyrazine and its active metabolite in rat plasma by HPLC was written by Yuan, Fang;Chen, Zhuojia;Chen, Jie. And the article was included in Zhongguo Xiandai Yingyong Yaoxue in 2012.Application of 75907-74-3 This article mentions the following:

An HPLC method for the determination of concentration of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and its active metabolite, 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (HTMP) in rat plasma was established, and applied this method to the pharmacokinetic study of TMP. 2-Methylpyrazine was used as internal standard The alkalified serum samples were extracted with a chloroform-1-chloro-butane (3:1) induced liquid-liquid extraction The target analytes were quant. determined by HPLC. Hypersil BDS C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase consisted of 20 mmol · L^-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 5.6)-methanol (72:28). The flow rate was 1.0 mL · min^-1, 15 μL sample was injected and detected by the ultra-violet detector at 285 nm. The linearity was obtained over the concentration ranges of 0.03125-50 μg · mL^-1 for TMP (γ=0.9995) and 0.03125-5 μg · mL^-1 for HTMP (γ=0.9998). The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.03125 μg · mL^-1 for TMP and HTMP. The inter- and intra-batch precisions (RSD%) were less than 9% for both analyses. The accuracies and extracted recoveries were 86.2%-93.0% for TMP and 73.8%-95.1% for HTMP. The relative recoveries were 96.9%-117.7% for TMP and 97.5%-104.9% for HTMP. The method has good selectivity, acceptable accuracy, precision and sensitivity. It can be applied to pharmacokinetic study of TMP in rats. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Application of 75907-74-3).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Application of 75907-74-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Discovery of a new tetramethylpyrazine based chalcone with α, β-Unsaturated ketone moiety as a potential anticancer agent was written by Bukhari, Syed Nasir Abbas. And the article was included in International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Madurai, India) in 2020.Related Products of 75907-74-3 This article mentions the following:

In this study, a new ligustrazine-based chalcone mol. has been synthesized that contains an extra alpha, beta-Unsaturated ketone moiety along with alpha, the beta-Unsaturated carbonyl group of chalone. A new tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) based aldehyde was synthesized to make the TMP (ligustrazine) as part of chalcone and then it was reacted with newly synthesized ketone containing addnl. alpha, beta-Unsaturated ketone moiety. After characterization, this new compound was evaluated for its effect on different types of cancer cell lines and very promising results were obtained. The growth of these cancer cells was inhibited by newly designed and synthesized compounds, especially for colon and pancreatic cancer cells with IC50 0.04 – 0.05 μM. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Related Products of 75907-74-3).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Related Products of 75907-74-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem