Pyrazines

Degradation of Pharmaceuticals through Sequential Photon Absorption and Photoionization in Amiloride Derivatives was written by Jorner, Kjell;Rabten, Wangchuk;Slanina, Tomas;Proos Vedin, Nathalie;Sillen, Sara;Wu Ludvigsson, Jufang;Ottosson, Henrik;Norrby, Per-Ola. And the article was included in Cell Reports Physical Science in 2020.Related Products of 1458-01-1 This article mentions the following:

Herein, the photodegradation of analogs of amiloride, which are known to undergo photosubstitution in water was reported. Model compounds built on the same scaffold undergo clean photosubstitution also in alc. solvent, where a certain amount of photodehalogenation was normally expected. Available evidence points to a mechanism starting with photoexcitation followed by photoionization to give a radical cation intermediate. Subsequent substitution reaction with the protic solvent was assisted by a general base, possibly strengthened by the proximal solvated electron. Recombination with the solvated electron generates the observed product. Quantum chem. computations revealed that excited state antiaromaticity is relieved when an electron is ejected from the photoexcited mol. by the second photon. The mechanism indicated here could have wide applicability to photoinduced degradation of similar heteroaromatic compounds in the environment, as well as to a class of increasingly popular synthetic photoredox methods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 1458-01-1Related Products of 1458-01-1).

Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 1458-01-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Related Products of 1458-01-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Copper perchlorate and tetrafluoridoborate compounds with the ligand 1,4,5-triazanaphthalene. Gradual transformation of mononuclear Cu(II) compounds via polynuclear mixed-valence Cu(ii)/Cu(i) species to dinuclear Cu(i); syntheses, characterizations and X-ray structures was written by van Albada, Gerard A.;Mutikainen, Ilpo;Ghazzali, Mohamed;Al-Farhan, Khalid;Reedijk, Jan. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2012.Related Products of 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

When the ligand 1,4,5-triazanaphthalene (abbreviated as tan) is reacted with Cu(II) BF₄^– and ClO₄^– salts, a variety of mononuclear compounds has been found, all with the [Cu(tan)₄] unit and varying amounts of weakly coordinating axial ligands and lattice solvents. Reproducible compounds formed include two purple compounds, analyzing as [Cu(tan)₄](ClO₄)₂(CH₃OH)₂(H₂O) (1) and [Cu(tan)₄](BF₄)₂(CH₃OH)_1.5(H₂O) (3), and two blue compounds, analyzing as [Cu(tan)₄](ClO₄)₂(H₂O)₂ (2) and [Cu(tan)₄]₂(BF₄)₂(H₂O)₂ (4). Upon standing at room temperature, red-colored, mixed-valence dinuclear-based 3D coordination polymers are formed by conversion of the purple/blue products, of which [Cu₂(tan)₄]_n(BF₄)_3n (5) and the isomorphic methanol-water adduct [Cu(tan)₄]_n(BF₄)_3n(CH₃OH)_n(H₂O)_5n (5A) are presented in this paper. In addition a fully reduced dinuclear Cu(I) compound of formula [Cu₂(tan)₃(ClO₄)₂] (7) has been observed, and structurally characterized, as a rare three-blade propeller structure, with a Cu-Cu distance of 2.504 Å. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Related Products of 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Related Products of 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

A unique, rigid porous coordination polymer with 1,4,5-triazanaphthalene and mixed-valence Cu as the bridging metal was written by van Albada, Gerard A.;Ghazzali, Mohamed;Al-Farhan, Khalid;Mutikainen, Ilpo;Reedijk, Jan. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry Communications in 2011.Product Details of 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

A novel mixed-valence Cu(I)/Cu(II) compound with the bridging ligand 1,4,5-triazanaphthalene (tan) is reported, having the overall formula [Cu₂(tan)₄](ClO₄)₃. The synthesis, x-ray crystal structure and preliminary spectroscopic properties are presented. The coordination of Cu(I) is tetrahedral, and that of Cu(II) is square planar. The packing of the units generates a 3D network with spaces in the cavities, available for the counteranions and accessible for small solvent mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Product Details of 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Product Details of 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Quinoxaline-based poly(phenylenevinylene)s copolymers: structure and optical properties was written by Zhang, Li;Zhang, Qiu-yu;Zhang, He-peng;Guo, Fei-ge;Sun, Jiu-li. And the article was included in Gaofenzi Cailiao Kexue Yu Gongcheng in 2010.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

Low band gap polymers are expected to improve the efficiency of polymer solar cells. Polymers with donor-acceptor repeating units can lead to a reduction of band gap. Two novel poly(phenylenevinylene)s (PPV) copolymers PPV-QL and PPV-BPh containing alternating Ph rings and quinoxaline units were synthesized and characterized by NMR, FT-IR. The UV-vis absorption spectra in solution/films were characterized. The geometries of the oligomers were optimized using semi-empirical AMI. Although an alternate donor-acceptor repeating units has been imparted, PPV-QL and PPV-BPh still reveal a similar optical band gap value compared to homopolymer PPV. And the absorption maximum of PPV-QL and PPV-BPh was evidently blue-shifted comparison with that of PPV. The similar optical band gap and evident blue shift compared to PPV are mainly due to the large steric hindrance induced by the quinoxaline units which lead to destroyed chain coplanar. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Category: pyrazines).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazines”) found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “green” flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Fluorescence Modulation of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles Embedded in Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel was written by Namgung, Ho;Jo, Seonyoung;Lee, Taek Seung. And the article was included in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

A series of conjugated polymers (CPs) emitting red, green, and blue (RGB) fluorescence were synthesized via the Suzuki coupling polymerization Polymer dots (Pdots) were fabricated by the reprecipitation method from corresponding CPs, in which the Pdot surface was functionalized to have an allyl moiety. The CP backbones were based on the phenylene group, causing the Pdots to show identical UV-visible absorption at 350 nm, indicating that the same excitation wavelength could be used. The Pdots were covalently embedded in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel for further use as a thermoresponsive moiety in the polymer hydrogel. The polymer hydrogel with RGB emission colors could provide thermally reversible fluorescence changes. The size of the hydrogel varied with temperature change because of the PNIPAM’s shrinking and swelling. The swollen and contracted conformations of the Pdot-embedded PNIPAM enabled on-and-off fluorescence, resp. Fluorescence modulation with 20 to 80% of the hydrogel was possible via thermoreversibility. The fluorescent hydrogel could be a new fluorescence-tuning hybrid material that changes with temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis of tetramethylpyrazine derivatives and screening for 5-HT₃ receptor antagonistic activity was written by Jiang, Xiang-Qing;Huang, Chuan-Man;Zhu, Li-Ping;Ye, De-Yong. And the article was included in Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao in 2005.Quality Control of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

According to the principle of bioisosterism and the Evans’ pharmacophore model of 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists, twelve tetramethylpyrazine derivatives were synthesized. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by MS, ¹H NMR and HRMS. All the target compounds are unreported. The preliminary activity test showed that most of the compounds had fairly potent 5-HT₃ receptor antagonistic activities, especially compound I. The conformational anal. showed that the active conformation of the compounds was quite fitted to the Evans model. This indicates that besides the three pharmacophoric elements, the aromatic ring and the substituents attached may affect the bioactivities of the compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Quality Control of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Quality Control of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An unexpected replacement of a methyl with an amino in the tetramethylpyrazine system was written by Lang, Ming;Yao, Hui;Fu, Pengfei;Cai, Wei;Wang, Yuqiang;Yu, Pei. And the article was included in Research on Chemical Intermediates in 2015.Computed Properties of C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

A novel and unexpected product, 5-amino-3,6-dimethyl-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile (3), was obtained during the attempted to synthesis of 3,5,6-trimethyl-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile (2) from its corresponding alc. (1) by the catalytic amount of KI or I₂ in combination with TBHP as an external oxidant. The product was confirmed by ESI-MS, HRMS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and 2D-NMR. The mechanism for the formation of the amino group in the tetramethylpyrazine system is also proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Computed Properties of C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Computed Properties of C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Novel coumarin-isatin hybrids as potent antileishmanial agents: Synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluations was written by Khatoon, Saira;Aroosh, Aiman;Islam, Arshad;Kalsoom, Saima;Ahmad, Faisal;Hameed, Shahid;Abbasi, Sumra Wajid;Yasinzai, Masoom;Naseer, Muhammad Moazzam. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

The synthesis, in silico, and in vitro evaluations of novel coumarin-incorporated isatin hydrazones I (R = C₆H₅, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, etc.; n = 0, 1) as highly potent and safe antileishmanial agents has been described. Mol. docking was initially carried out to decipher the binding confirmation of lead mols. towards the active cavity of the target protein (Leishmanolysin gp63) of Leishmania tropica. Among all the docked compounds, only I (R = 3-CH₃C₆H₄, 4-H₂NC₆H₄, 4-pyridyl; n = 0) showed high binding affinities due to a pattern of strong conventional hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic π-interactions. The mol. dynamics simulations showed the stable pattern of such bonding and structure-based confirmation with a time scale of 50 ns towards the top compound I (R = 4-pyridyl; n = 0) and protein. These analyses affirmed the high stability of the system. Three out of ten compounds evaluated for their antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigotes and amastigotes were found to be active at micromolar concentrations (IC₅₀ range 0.1-4.13μmol/L), and most importantly, they were also found to be highly biocompatible when screened for their toxicity in human erythrocytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Recommanded Product: Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Recommanded Product: Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Tris(dipivaloylmethanato)europium-induced shifts of proton resonances in π-deficient nitrogen heterocycles was written by Armarego, W. L. F.;Batterham, T. J.;Kershaw, J. R.. And the article was included in Organic Magnetic Resonance in 1971.Product Details of 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

Tris(dipivaloylmethanato)europium, [Eu(DPM)3], induced shifts of the PMR of pyridine and its 2-Me, 3-Me, 2,3-di-Me and 2,5-di-Me derivatives, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, 1,6-, 1,7- and 1,8-naphthyridine, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, 1,4,5- and 1,4,6-triazanaphthalene, pteridine, acridine, phenanthridine and 1,10-phenanthroline, were measured for solutions containing 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 molar equivalents of Eu(DPM)3. Differences in the behavior of these heterocycles are discussed in terms of the steric relations between the heterocycle and the complex. The 3 cos2 * dhi term, present in the expression for calculating pseudocontact shifts, is important. The order of basicity of these heterocycles, as measured by their pKa values, cannot be used to predict the order of Eu(DPM)3 induced chem. shifts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Product Details of 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Product Details of 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Conjugated microporous polymers as heterogeneous photocatalysts for efficient degradation of a mustard-gas simulant was written by Zhi, Yongfeng;Yao, Zhengjie;Jiang, Wenbo;Xia, Hong;Shi, Zhan;Mu, Ying;Liu, Xiaoming. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2019.Name: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

Compared with traditional metal-based photosensitizers, heterogeneous and organic photocatalysts with visible-light activity are more environmentally friendly and sustainable. The simultaneous introduction of electron-rich and electron-deficient units in donor-acceptor typed conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) photocatalysts can significantly enhance their visible-light harvesting and separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Here, two carbazole-based CMPs (CzBSe-CMP and CzBQn-CMP) were successfully constructed through a cost-effective process. They show inherent porosity with large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and excellent thermal and chem. stability. Their photoelec. properties, energy levels, optical band gaps, transient photocurrent response, and photocatalytic activity could be conveniently tailored through tuning the electron-deficient moiety in polymer networks. More importantly, CzBSe-CMP was found to be a superior solid photocatalyst for selective photo-oxidation of mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethyl Et sulfide into a nontoxic product by using mol. oxygen as a sustainable oxygen source under visible-light illumination. In addition, the obtained CMP-based photocatalysts also showed excellent recyclability and could be reutilized through adding more simulants or a simple separation procedure. The current contribution provides great application prospects for CMPs as metal-free, solid photocatalysts in organic transformation and environmental protection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Name: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Name: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem