Pyrazines

Reddyrajula, R; Dalimba, U in [Reddyrajula, Rajkumar; Dalimba, Udayakumar] Natl Inst Technol Karnataka, Dept Chem, Organ Chem Lab, Mangalore 575025, India published The bioisosteric modification of pyrazinamide derivatives led to potent antitubercular agents: Synthesis via click approach and molecular docking of pyrazine-1,2,3-triazoles in 2020, Cited 38. Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Tuberculosis remains as a major public health risk which causes the highest mortality rate globally and an improved regimen is required to treat the drug-resistant strains. Pyrazinamide is a first-line antitubercular drug used in combination therapy with other anti-TB drugs. Herein, we describe the modification of pyrazinamide structure using bioisosterism and rational approaches by incorporating the 1,2,3-triazole moiety. Three sets of pyrazine-1,2,3-triazoles (3a-o, 5a-o and 9a-l) are designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory potency against mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv. The pyrazine-1,2,3-triazoles synthesized through the bioisosteric modification displayed improved activity as compared to rationally modified pyrazine-1,2,3-triazoles. Among 42 title compounds, seven derivatives demonstrated significant anti-tubercular activity with the MIC of 1.56 mu g/mL, which are two-fold more potent than the parent compound pyrazinamide. Further, the synthesized pyrazinamide analogs demonstrated moderate inhibition activity against several bacterial strains and possessed an acceptable in vitro cytotoxicity profile as well. Additionally, the activity profile of pyrazine-1,2,3-triazoles was validated by performing the molecular docking studies against the Inh A enzyme. Furthermore, in silico ADME prediction revealed good oral bioavailability for the potent molecules.

Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Reddyrajula, R; Dalimba, U or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. Wang, YT; Wu, YS; Tang, GM in [Wang, Yong-Tao; Wu, Yu-Song; Tang, Gui-Mei] Qilu Univ Technol, Shandong Acad Sci, Dept Chem Engn, Jinan 250353, Shandong, Peoples R China published Controllable luminescent behaviors with pyrazine and benzimidazole groups: Syntheses, crystal structures and properties in 2019, Cited 103. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

A set of new salts containing benzimidazole and pyrazine groups, namely, [HPZBI]X-+(-) nH(2)O (X = Cl (n = 1) (1), NO3 (n = 1) (2), ClO4 (n = 0) (3) and H2PO4 (n = 0) (4)) [PZBI = 2-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole], were obtained by the reaction of PZBI and a set of inorganic acid, respectively. The emission maxima can be found at 444, 472, 471, 432 and 443 nm for PZBI and its compounds 1-4 in the solid state at room temperature, respectively. Compared with the free PZBI, the emission maxima of compounds 1-4 are obviously blue/red-shifted for 1-4, indicating that the emission maxima are relative to the intermolecular packing distances. Their photoluminescent lifetime and quantum yield are 1.10 ns and 24.5% for 1, 0.99 ns and 26.4% for 2, 0.94 ns and 21.65% for 3, 2.86 ns and 20.57% for 4, respectively. Compounds 1-4 were structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectra. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that pi center dot center dot center dot pi packing interactions and a set of hydrogen bonds can be observed. The shortest distances of pi center dot center dot center dot pi stacking interactions are 3.613, 3.534, 3.731 and 3.492 angstrom in compounds 1-4, respectively. Additionally, the thermal stabilities of compounds 1-4 were investigated in detail.

Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Wang, YT; Wu, YS; Tang, GM or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

HPLC of Formula: C5H4N2O2. In 2019 EUR J ORG CHEM published article about PROTECTING GROUP; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; GLYCANS; TRI in [Lei, Jin-Cai; Ruan, Yu-Xiong; Luo, Sheng; Yang, Jin-Song] Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, Key Lab Drug Targeting & Drug Delivery Syst, Sichuan Engn Lab Plant Sourced Drug,Educ Minist, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China; [Lei, Jin-Cai; Ruan, Yu-Xiong; Luo, Sheng; Yang, Jin-Song] Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, West China Sch Pharm, Sichuan Res Ctr Drug Precis Ind Technol, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China; [Lei, Jin-Cai; Ruan, Yu-Xiong; Luo, Sheng; Yang, Jin-Song] Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp, State Key Lab Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 47. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

The tuning effect of C3-ester groups on the glycosylation stereochemistry of L-rhamnopyranose (L-Rha) ethyl thioglycoside donors is described. On one hand, the L-Rha thioglycoside donors carrying 3-O-arylcarbonyl or levulinoyl group undergo highly alpha-selective glycosylation to afford a wide variety of alpha-L-rhamnoside products in high chemical yields. On the other hand, the glycosylation of the 3-O-4-nitropicoloyl and 2-pyrazinecarbonyl group substituted L-Rha thioglycosides displays beta-stereoselectivity. Only or predominant beta anomeric products are obtained when these L-Rha donors couple with the primary or reactive secondary acceptors, while the beta-selectivity may decrease significantly when these donors react with less reactive secondary alcohols. The synthetic utility of the newly developed alpha- and beta-directing L-Rha donors 1h and 1e has been demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of a structurally unique trisaccharide 9, which is derived from the cell wall polysaccharide of Sphaerotilus natans.

HPLC of Formula: C5H4N2O2. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Lei, JC; Ruan, YX; Luo, S; Yang, JS or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Heterogeneous copper-catalyzed C-S coupling via insertion of sulfur dioxide: A novel and regioselective approach for the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds WOS:000474675100001 published article about ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; H FUNCTIONALIZATION; ACTIVATION; SULFONYLATION; C(SP(2))-H; SODIUM in [Han, Junfen; Wang, Kai; You, Guirong; Wang, Guodong; Sun, Jian; Duan, Guiyun; Xia, Chengcai] Shandong First Med Univ & Shandong Acad Med Sci, Coll Pharm, Tai An 271000, Shandong, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 35. Category: Pyrazines. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

A novel and regioselective protocol for C-S coupling of naphthylamines via the insertion of sulfur dioxide was developed by employing a heterogeneous copper catalyst, providing desired products in moderate to good yields. This strategy gives a powerful tool for the efficient preparation of sulfur-containing compounds. Control experiments declared that a single-electron transfer mechanism (SET) is responsible for this C-S cross coupling reaction.

Category: Pyrazines. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Han, JF; Wang, K; You, GR; Wang, GD; Sun, J; Duan, GY; Xia, CC or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Product Details of 98-97-5. In 2020 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT published article about CYTOCHROME BC(1) COMPLEX; IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN; BC1 COMPLEX; DISCOVERY; SITE; FUNGICIDE; AMETOCTRADIN; RESISTANCE; MECHANISM; BINDING in [Cheng, Hua; Yang, Lu; Liu, Hong-Fu; Zhang, Rui] Hubei Univ Arts & Sci, Dept Chem Engn & Food Sci, Xiangyang 441053, Peoples R China; [Chen, Cheng] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China; [Wu, Yuan; Jiang, Wen] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Chem, Key Lab Pesticide & Chem Biol, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 47. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Mitochondrial complex III is one of the most promising targets for a number of pharmaceuticals and fungicides. Due to the wide-spread use of complex III-inhibiting fungicides, a considerable increase of resistance has occurred worldwide. Therefore, inhibitors with novel scaffolds and potent activity against complex III are still in great demand. In this article, a new series of amide compounds bearing the diaryl ether scaffold were designed and prepared, followed by the biological evaluation. Gratifyingly, several compounds demonstrated potent activity against succinate-cytochrome c reductase (SCR, a mixture of mitochondrial complex II and complex III), with compound 3w possessing the best inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.91 +/- 0.09 mu mol/L). Additional studies verified that 3w was a new inhibitor of complex III. Moreover, computational simulations elucidated that 3w should bind to the Q(o) site of complex III. We believe this work will be valuable for the preparation and discovery of more complex III inhibitors.

Product Details of 98-97-5. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Cheng, H; Yang, L; Liu, HF; Zhang, R; Chen, C; Wu, Y; Jiang, W or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Reduction in Coordination Number of Eu(III) on Complexation with Pyrazine Mono- and Di-Carboxylates in Aqueous Medium WOS:000482173300084 published article about MONOCARBOXYLATE-N-OXIDES; LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; 2-PYRAZINECARBOXYLIC ACID; THEORETICAL INSIGHTS; LUMINESCENCE; SEPARATION; EUROPIUM(III); EU3+; LANTHANIDES; SELECTIVITY in [Dumpala, Rama Mohana Rao; Rawat, Neetika] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Radioanalyt Chem Div, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India; [Boda, Anil; Ali, Sk. Musharaf] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Chem Engn Div, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India; [Kumar, Pranaw] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Fuel Chem Div, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India in 2019, Cited 52. Recommanded Product: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

The denticity, flexibility, and steric hindrance of the ligand are key factors in deciding the mode and number of coordination around a metal ion on complex formation. The thermodynamic aspects of lanthanide complexation with various multidentate ligands provides a significant insight into understand the coordination chemistry of lanthanides in framing the relevant metal organic networks for the applications in biological, biochemical and medical aspects. The pyrazine carboxylic acids are known to form many structurally important complexes and further can form chelates with coordination number of eight for europium in which more water molecules can be knocked out from the primary coordination sphere than demanded by denticity of the ligand. The present studies aimed at ESI-MS characterization and determination of the thermodynamic parameters (log beta, Delta G, Delta H, and Delta S), luminescence properties of europium complexes with pyrazine-2-carboxylate and pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate in aqueous solutions by experiment as well as theory. Time resolved luminescence spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations are carried out to optimize the stable geometries of the complexes with various modes of binding and coordination. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters estimated theoretically have been used to trace the path of complex formation.

About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Dumpala, RMR; Boda, A; Kumar, P; Rawat, N; Ali, SM or concate me.. Recommanded Product: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article All Non-Carbon B3NO2 Exotic Heterocycles: Synthesis, Dynamics, and Catalysis published in 2019. COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2, Reprint Addresses Shibasaki, M; Kumagai, N (corresponding author), Inst Microbial Chem BIKAKEN, Shinagawa Ku, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Tokyo 1410021, Japan.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

The B3NO2 six-membered heterocycle (1,3-dioxa-5-aza-2,4,6-triborinane = DATB), comprising three different non-carbon period 2 elements, has been recently demonstrated to be a powerful catalyst for dehydrative condensation of carboxylic acids and amines. The tedious synthesis of DATB, however, has significantly diminished its utility as a catalyst, and thus the inherent chemical properties of the ring system have remained virtually unexplored. Here, a general and facile synthetic strategy that harnesses a pyrimidine-containing scaffold for the reliable installation of boron atoms is disclosed, giving rise to a series of Pym-DATBs from inexpensive materials in a modular fashion. The identification of a soluble Pym-DATB derivative allowed for the investigation of the dynamic nature of the B3NO2 ring system, revealing differential ring-closing and -opening behaviors depending on the medium. Readily accessible Pym-DATBs proved their utility as efficient catalysts for dehydrative amidation with broad substrate scope and functional-group tolerance, offering a general and practical catalytic alternative to reagent-driven amidation.

COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Opie, CR; Noda, H; Shibasaki, M; Kumagai, N or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Searching for new agents active against Candida albicans biofilm: A series of indole derivatives, design, synthesis and biological evaluation WOS:000459358600008 published article about ACID-DERIVATIVES; IN-VIVO in [Pandolfi, Fabiana; Bortolami, Martina; De Vita, Daniela; Gallo, Fabio; De Meo, Alessandra; Scipione, Luigi] Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Chim & Tecnol Farmaco, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [D’Acierno, Federica; Simonetti, Giovanna] Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Sanita Pubbl & Malattie Infett, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [Di Santo, Roberto; Costi, Roberta] Sapienza Univ Rome, Ist Pasteur Fdn Cenci Bolognetti, Dept Chim & Tecnol Farmaco, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy in 2019, Cited 29. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

Candida albicans biofilm represents a major clinical problem due to its intrinsic tolerance to anti-fungal compounds and it has been highly related to infections in catheterized patients. Few compounds are described as able to inhibit biofilm formation or to interfere with preformed biofilm of C. albicans. Here we report the in vitro evaluation of anti-biofilm activity on C albicans ATCC 10231 of a series of new and already known amine and amide indole derivatives. Among the studied compounds, fifteen resulted active on C albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm, with BMIC50 <= 16 mu g/mL. Three of them (7, 23 and 33) showed a selectivity towards mature biofilm and the most active of them was the compound 23 (BMIC50 = 4 mu g/mL). On the other hands, two different compounds (21 and 22) were selective towards biofilm formation with BMIC50 values of 8 mu g/mL Otherwise, compounds 16 and 17 resulted active on biofilm formation, with BMIC50 of 8 mu g/mL and 2 mu g/mL respectively, and on mature biofilm with BMIC50 of 2 mu g/mL. These two last compounds also showed an interesting activity towards the planktonic cells of C albicans. A selection of the more active compounds was also evaluated on different C albicans strains (PMC1042, PMC1083 and ATCC 10261), showing a comparable or higher anti-biofilm activity, especially on mature biofilm. In vivo toxicity studies using the Galleria mellonella larvae, were finally carried out on more active indole derivatives, showing that they are poorly toxic even at the highest concentrations tested (500-1000 mu g/mL). (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Pandolfi, F; D’Acierno, F; Bortolami, M; De Vita, D; Gallo, F; De Meo, A; Di Santo, R; Costi, R; Simonetti, G; Scipione, L or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recommanded Product: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Authors Swiderski, G; Kalinowska, M; Jablonska-Trypuc, A; Wolejko, E; Wydro, U; Lyszczek, R; Rusinek, I; Lewandowski, W in ELSEVIER published article about in [Swiderski, Grzegorz; Kalinowska, Monika; Jablonska-Trypuc, Agata; Wolejko, Elzbieta; Wydro, Urszula; Lewandowski, Wlodzimierz] Bialystok Tech Univ, Dept Chem Biol & Biotechnol, Wiejska 45E St, PL-15351 Bialystok, Poland; [Lyszczek, Renata; Rusinek, Iwona] UMCS, Dept Gen & Coordinat Chem, MC Sklodowska Sq 2, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland in 2021, Cited 50. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

Diazinecarboxylic acids (pyridazine-3-carboxylic, pyridazine-4-carboxylic, pyrimidine-2-carboxylic, pyrimidine-4-carboxylic, pyrimidine-5-carboxylic and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids) were characterized by means of spectroscopic (FT-Raman, FTIR, UV, (HNMR)-H-1, (CNMR)-C-13) and thermogravimetric analysis as well as antimicrobial and cytotoxic tests. The structures of diazinecarboxylic acids were calculated by the DFT method (B3LYP/6-311G(d, p). For the most stable conformers, the energy of HOMO and LUMO molecular orbitals, the geometric (HOMA, GEO, EN, I6) and magnetic (NICS) aromaticity indices, NBO electronic charge distribution, sEDA and pEDA indexes, Wiberg Bond Order, Wiberg Index and theoretical IR and NMR spectra have been calculated. The energies of protonating and deprotonating acids were also calculated. The effect of the nitrogen heteroatom position in the aromatic ring in relation to the position of the carboxyl group on the electronic charge distribution, thermal stability, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities of the examined acids was determined. Antimicrobial activity of tested acids against of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Candida albicanswas calculated based on MTT colorimetric assay (MCA). The cytotocic effect of diazynecarboxylic acids was examined in A375 melanoma cell line and DLD-1 cell line. A biplot analysis was performed in order to determine the correlations between selected parameters of the tested compounds and relative cell viability of E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, A375 and DLD-1 cell lines. Thermal behaviour of all investigated carboxylic acids was investigated using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques in flowing air atmosphere. All compounds are stable in room temperature. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Swiderski, G; Kalinowska, M; Jablonska-Trypuc, A; Wolejko, E; Wydro, U; Lyszczek, R; Rusinek, I; Lewandowski, W or concate me.. Recommanded Product: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Synthesis of novel, DNA binding heterocyclic dehydroabietylamine derivatives as potential antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing agents WOS:000509677700001 published article about ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; QUINOXALINE DERIVATIVES; THIOPHENE DERIVATIVES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TUMOR-CELLS; ANTICANCER; CYTOTOXICITY; COPPER(II); INHIBITORS; COMPLEXES in [Zhao, Fengyi; Xu, Li; Cao, Fuliang] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coinnovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry Southern China, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China; [Zhao, Fengyi; Cao, Fuliang] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Nanjing, Peoples R China; [Zhao, Fengyi; Sun, Xu; Lu, Wen; Xu, Li; Shi, Jiuzhou] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China; [Sun, Xu] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Peoples R China; [Yang, Shilong; Zhou, Mengyi; Su, Fan; Lin, Feng] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Adv Anal & Testing Ctr, Nanjing, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 60. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Product Details of 98-97-5

Several dehydroabietylamine derivatives containing heterocyclic moieties such as thiophene and pyrazine ring were successfully synthesized. The antiproliferative activities of these thiophene-based Schiff-bases, thiophene amides, and pyrazine amides were investigated in vitro against Hela (cervix), MCF-7 (breast), A549 (lung), HepG2 (liver), and HUVEC (umbilical vein) cells by MTT assay. The toxicity of L-1-L-10 (IC50 = 5.92- >100 mu M) was lower than L-0 (1.27 mu M) and DOX (4.40 mu M) in every case. Compound L-1 had higher anti-HepG2 (0.66 mu M), anti-MCF-7 (5.33 mu M), and anti-A549 (2.11 mu M) and compound L-3 had higher anti-HepG2 (1.63 mu M) and anti-MCF-7 (2.65 mu M) activities. Both of these compounds were recognized with high efficiency in apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells and intercalated binding modes with DNA. Moreover, with average IC50 values of 0.66 and 5.98 mu M, L-1 was nine times more effective at suppressing cultured HepG2 cells viability than normal cells (SI = 9). The relative tumor proliferation rate (T/C) was 38.6%, the tumor inhibition rate was up to 61.2%, which indicated that L-1 had no significant toxicity but high anti-HepG2 activity in vivo. Thus, it may be a potential antiproliferation drug with nontoxic side effects.

Product Details of 98-97-5. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Zhao, FY; Sun, X; Lu, W; Xu, L; Shi, JZ; Yang, SL; Zhou, MY; Su, F; Lin, F; Cao, FL or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem