Pyrazines

Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Wang, Y; Chen, FF; Hu, XS; Zhao, R; Chi, YX; Jin, J in [Wang Yan; Chen Fei-Fei; Hu Xiao-Shuang; Zhao Ran; Chi Yu-Xian; Jin Jing] Liaoning Normal Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, Peoples R China published Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Luminescent Properties of Ag-Ln Coordination Polymers in 2019, Cited 42. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Using pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (2-Hpzc), 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (3,5-H(2)PDA) and oxalic acid (H(2)ox) as ligands, nine Ag-Ln coordination polymers are synthesized by hydrothermal methods: {[LnAg(2-pzc)(2)(ox)]center dot H(2)ox} (Ln=Pr (1), Nd (2), Sm (3), Eu (4)), [LnAg(3,5-PDA)(ox)(H2O)](n), (Ln=Pr (5), Nd (6)), [LnAg(3,5-PDA)(3,5-HPDA)(ox)(0.5)(H2O)(2)](n) (Ln=Sm (7), Dy (8), Ho (9)). All of them possess the 3D network structure, i.e., coordination polymers 1 similar to 4 are isomorphic and connected by 2-pzc(-) and ox(2-), while coordination polymers 5 similar to 9 use 3,5-PDA(2-) and ox(2-) as bridging ligands. Photophysical properties of these coordination polymers are studied, and they show characteristic emissions of corresponding Ln(III) ions which should be attributed to the sensitization of the Agligand section (d-block). In addition, under the co-action of crystal field and 4d orbits of Ag(I) ion, the 4f orbits of Ln(III) ions are tuned and cause obvious shift of partial energy levels, which present shifts of the corresponding NIR emission bands and can be corroborated in their UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra. CCDC: 1817276, 1; 1817247, 2; 1817248, 3; 1817249, 4; 1817251, 5; 1817255, 6; 1817269, 7; 1817280, 8; 1817285, 9.

Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Wati, FA; Adyarini, PU; Fatmawati, S; Santoso, M in [Wati, First A.; Adyarini, Prisna U.; Fatmawati, Sri; Santoso, Mardi] Inst Teknol Sepuluh Nopember, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia published Synthesis of pyrazinamide analogues and their antitubercular bioactivity in 2020, Cited 24. Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

The Yamaguchi reaction is widely and generally applied to synthesize esters and lactones. It involves 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride as the Yamaguchi reagent, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine. Pyrazinamide is a crucial first-line drug for tuberculosis treatment, therefore their analogues are interesting in organic synthesis. In general, the synthesis pyrazinamide analogues involve reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride to yield the corresponding acyl chlorides, which on treatment with amines gave pyrazine-2-carboxamides. However, thionyl chloride is listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention and releases toxic sulfur oxide when react with carboxylic acid. We successfully synthesized series of pyrazinamide analogues using the Yamaguchi reaction. The synthesis involved reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid with various aliphatic and aromatic amines in the presence of Yamaguchi reagent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The yield of the pyrazine-2-carboxamides and the reaction time depended on the type of the amine (aliphatic vs aromatic), substitution pattern, and number of substituents on the aromatic amines.N-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamides can be prepared by this method in 81% yield;N-(2-ethylhexyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide andN-(4-fluorobenzyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide showed the best activity againstMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv (<6.25 mu g/mL). This result could lead to find more active pyrazinamide analogues. Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Amidation Reaction of Quinoline-3-carboxylic Acids with Tetraalkylthiuram Disulfides under Simple Conditions: A facile Synthesis of Quinoline-3-carboxamides WOS:000577748400001 published article about CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; QUINOLINE; SITE; DERIVATIVES; CARBONYLATION; COMPLEXES; RECEPTOR in [Hu, Jingyan; Ye, Xiefeng; Hao, Shuai; Zhao, Qianrui; Zhao, Mingqin; Wei, Yuewei; Wu, Zhiyong; Ji, Xiaoming] Henan Agr Univ, Flavors & Fragrance Engn & Technol Res Ctr Henan, Coll Tobacco Sci, 95 Wenhua Rd, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China; [Wang, Na] China Tobacco Hubei Ind Co Ltd, Ctr Technol, 1355 Jinshan Rd, Wuhan 430040, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 46. Name: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

A highly efficient and simple procedure for the synthesis quinoline-3-carboxamides and their analogues via amidation reaction of quinoline-3-carboxylic acids with tetraalkylthiuram disulfides has been developed. The reaction proceeds efficiently under simple reaction conditions and features the generality of broad scope of substrates with good yields. This protocol provides a convenient procedure for the synthesis of various aza-heteroaromatic carboxamides, which is of pharmaceutical interest.

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Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Design and synthesis of tripeptidyl furylketones as selective inhibitors against the beta 5 subunit of human 20S proteasome WOS:000523563100005 published article about NONCOVALENT; APOPTOSIS; PATHWAY; POTENT in [Sun, Qi; Zhou, Tongliang; Xi, Dandan; Li, Xiaona; Lu, Zirui; Xu, Fengrong; Wang, Chao; Niu, Yan; Xu, Ping] Peking Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Med Chem, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China; [Sun, Qi] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Struct Chem Unstable & Stable Speci, BNLMS, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 31. Category: Pyrazines. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

A series of tripeptidic proteasome inhibitors with furylketone as C-terminus were designed and synthesized. Biochemical evaluations against beta 1, beta 2 and beta 5 subunits revealed that they acted selectively on beta 5 subunit with IC(50)s against chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity in micromolar range. LC-MS/MS analysis of the ligand-20S proteasome mixture showed that the most potent compound 11m (IC50 = 0.18 mu M) made no covalent modification on 20S proteasome. However, it was identified acting in a slowly reversible manner in wash-out assay and the reversibility was much lower than that of MG132, suggesting the possibility of these tripeptidic furylketones forming reversible covalent bonds with 20S proteasome. Several compounds were selected for anti-proliferative assay towards multiple cancer cell lines, and compound 11m displayed comparable potency to positive control (MG132) in all cell lines tested. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic (PK) data in rats indicated 11m behaved similarly (C-max, 2007 mu g/L; AUC(0-t), 680 mu g/L.h; V-ss, 0.66 L/kg) to the clinical used agent carfilzomib. All these data suggest 11m is a good lead compound to be developed to novel anti-tumor agent. (c) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Category: Pyrazines. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Samie, A; Salimi, A in [Samie, Ali; Salimi, Alireza] Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran published Orientation-dependent conformational polymorphs in two similar pyridine/pyrazine phenolic esters in 2019, Cited 67. Safety of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

On the basis of crystal engineering, two similar esters of phenyl pyridine-2-carboxylate (I) and phenyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (II) were designed and synthesized. The compounds were characterized using FT-IR, mass spectrometry, CHN-elemental analyses, NMR and PXRD. For each compound, two polymorphs were obtained (Ia, Ib and IIa, IIb) and identified by TGA, DSC and SCXRD. A comparison of the crystal structures of the polymorphs revealed that the different torsion angles of the pyrazine (tau(1)) and phenyl (tau(2)) rings to the ester backbone resulted in the conformers I and II, respectively. Theoretical criteria (max(Delta theta), rmsd[r]-crystal, energy profile) confirmed that the structural differences in the conformers are in the range of acceptable values for the detection of conformational changes. The phase stability of the polymorphs was investigated by slurry and grinding methods as well as by the HSM technique. Since the orientations of pyrazine and phenyl moieties were altered in the polymorphs, the hydrogen bond donor and acceptors exhibited meaningful supramolecular architectures in the crystal packing as well as C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISN, C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSISO and C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi interactions. The energetic study of the noncovalent interactions in the molecular pairs (dimers) of the polymorph crystal structures was performed by DFT-D calculations.

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Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Safety of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. In 2021 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL published article about CORROSION-INHIBITORS; HYDROCHLORIC-ACID; CARBON-STEEL; BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES; SCHIFF-BASES; PART II; ADSORPTION; BEHAVIOR; IODIDE; THIOSEMICARBAZONE in [Kelesoglu, Aysen; Sigircik, Gokmen; Dehri, Ilyas] Cukurova Univ, Fac Sci & Letters, Chem Dept, Adana, Turkey; [Yildiz, Resit] Mardin Artuklu Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Mardin, Turkey; [Yildiz, Resit] Mardin Artuklu Univ, Cent Res Lab, Mardin, Turkey in 2021, Cited 62. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Pyrazinecarboxylic acid (PCA) was examined as a potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M HCl environment. The methods of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR), as well potentiodynamic (PD) polarization were utilized. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and quantum chemical calculations were utilized. PD polarization curves demonstrated that PCA exhibited mixed inhibitor behavior. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) offered the creation of an adsorptive layer on the surface of MS which prevented the steel against corrosive specimens. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) presented good agreement with electrochemical experimental results. The adsorption equilibrium constant (k(ads)) value was calculated to be 3.704 x 10(4) M-1 which was related to a high proportion of inhibitor on the surface. In the presence of 1.0 mM PCA, inhibition efficiency was determined as 95.2% from EIS results.

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Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Category: Pyrazines. In 2020 ACS OMEGA published article about GOLD COMPLEXES; GOLD(III) COMPLEXES; AU(I) COMPLEXES; ACID; AURANOFIN; LIGANDS; AGENTS; BROAD in [Stenger-Smith, Jenny; Chakraborty, Indranil; Ouattara, Ramatoulaye; Mascharak, Pradip K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Kamariza, Mireille; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA in 2020, Cited 42. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

As part of the quest for new gold drugs, we have explored the efficacy of three gold complexes derived from the tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide (PZA), namely, the gold(I) complex [Au(PPh3)(PZA)]OTf (1, OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) and two gold(III) complexes [Au(PZA)Cl-2] (2) and [Au(PZO)Cl-2] (3, PZO = pyrazinoic acid, the metabolic product of PZA) against two mycobacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Only complex 1 with the {Au(PPh3)}(+) moiety exhibits significant bactericidal activity against both strains. In the presence of thiols, 1 gives rise to free PZA and {Au(PPh3)}-thiol polymeric species. A combination of PZA and the {Au(PPh3)}-thiol polymeric species appears to lead to enhanced efficacy of 1 against M. tuberculosis.

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Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Role of pi-conjugation on the coordination behaviour, substitution kinetics, DNA/BSA interactions, and in vitro cytotoxicity of carboxamide palladium(II) complexes WOS:000653084400001 published article about COLON-CANCER CELLS; PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR DOCKING; PT(II) COMPLEXES; BENIGN SYNTHESIS; DNA CLEAVAGE; CT-DNA; LIGANDS; BINDING; ANTICANCER in [Omondi, Reinner O.; Ojwach, Stephen O.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem & Phys, Private Bag X01, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; [Sibuyi, Nicole R. S.; Fadaka, Adewale O.; Meyer, Mervin] Univ Western Cape, Dept Biotechnol, Bag X17, ZA-7535 Cape Town, South Africa; [Jaganyi, Deogratius] Mt Kenya Univ, Sch Pure & Appl Sci, POB 342-01000, Thika, Kenya; [Jaganyi, Deogratius] Durban Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Dept Chem, POB 1334, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa in 2021, Cited 70. Safety of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

Treatments of N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (L-1), N-(quinolin-8-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (L-2), N-(quinolin-8-yl)picolinamide (L-3) and N-(quinolin-8-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide (L-4) with [PdCl2(NCMe)](2) afforded the corresponding Pd(ii) complexes, [Pd(L-1)Cl] (PdL1); [Pd(L-2)Cl] (PdL2); [Pd(L-3)Cl] (PdL3); and [Pd(L-4)Cl] (PdL4) in moderate yields. Structural characterisation of the compounds was achieved by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The solid-state structures of complexes PdL2-PdL4 established the presence of one tridentate carboxamide and Cl ligands around the Pd(ii) coordination sphere, to give distorted square planar complexes. Electrochemical investigations of PdL1-PdL4 showed irreversible one-electron oxidation reactions. Kinetics reactivity of the complexes towards bio-molecules, thiourea (Tu), l-methionine (L-Met) and guanosine 5 ‘-diphosphate disodium salt (5 ‘-GMP) decreased in the order: PdL1 > PdL2 > PdL3 > PdL4, in tandem with the density functional theory (DFT) data. The complexes bind favourably to calf thymus (CT-DNA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the order of their interactions agrees with the substitution kinetics trends. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of PdL1-PdL4 were examined in cancer cell lines A549, PC-3, HT-29, Caco-2, and HeLa, and a normal cell line, KMST-6. Overall, PdL1 and PdL3 displayed potent cytotoxic effects on A549, PC-3 HT-29 and Caco-2 comparable to cisplatin. All the investigated complexes exhibited lower toxicity on normal cells than cisplatin.

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Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

I found the field of Pharmacology & Pharmacy very interesting. Saw the article Discovery of Novel Peptidomimetic Boronate ClpP Inhibitors with Noncanonical Enzyme Mechanism as Potent Virulence Blockers in Vitro and in Vivo published in 2020. SDS of cas: 98-97-5, Reprint Addresses Bao, R; Luo, YF (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Biotherapy, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biotherapy, West China Hosp, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Bao, R; Luo, YF (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Canc Ctr, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Biotherapy, West China Hosp, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) is considered as a promising target for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. In an unbiased screen of 2632 molecules, a peptidomimetic boronate, MLN9708, was found to be a potent suppressor of SaClpP function. A time-saving and cost-efficient strategy integrating in silico position scanning, multistep miniaturized synthesis, and bioactivity testing was deployed for optimization of this hit compound and led to fast exploration of structure-activity relationships. Five of 150 compounds from the miniaturized synthesis exhibited improved inhibitory activity. Compound 43Hf was the most active inhibitor and showed reversible covalent binding to SaClpP while did not destabilize the tetradecameric structure of SaClpP. The crystal structure of 43Hf-SaClpP complex provided mechanistic insight into the covalent binding mode of peptidomimetic boronate and SaClpP. Furthermore, 43Hf could bind endogenous ClpP in S. aureus cells and exhibited significant efficacy in attenuating S. aureus virulence in vitro and in vivo.

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Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigation of Color Tuning in Deep-Red Luminescent Iridium(III) Complexes WOS:000514488400018 published article about HIGHLY EFFICIENT; METAL-COMPLEXES; QUINOXALINE LIGANDS; 1ST EXAMPLES; PHOSPHORESCENT; EMISSION; BEARING; PHOTOPHYSICS; CONVERSION; DEVICES in [Stonelake, Thomas M.; Phillips, Kaitlin A.; Otaif, Haleema Y.; Edwardson, Zachary C.; Beames, Joseph M.; Pope, Simon J. A.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales; [Horton, Peter N.; Coles, Simon J.] Univ Southampton, Fac Nat & Environm Sci, UK Natl Crystallog Serv, Chem, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England in 2020, Cited 60. Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

A series of heteroleptic, neutral iridium(III) complexes of the form [Ir(L)(2)(N boolean AND O)] (where L = cyclometalated 2,3-disubstituted quinoxaline and N boolean AND O = ancillary picolinate or pyrazinoate) are described in terms of their synthesis and spectroscopic properties, with supporting computational analyses providing additional insight into the electronic. properties. The 10 [Ir(L)(2)(N boolean AND O)] complexes were characterized using a range of analytical techniques (including H-1, C-13, and F-19 NMR and IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry). One of the examples was structurally characterized using X-ray diffraction. The redox properties were determined using cyclic voltammetry, and the electronic properties were investigated using UV-vis, time-resolved luminescence, and transient absorption spectroscopies. The complexes are phosphorescent in the red region of the visible spectrum (lambda(em) = 633-680 nm), with lifetimes typically of hundreds of nanoseconds and quantum yields ca. 5% in aerated chloroform. A combination of spectroscopic and computational analyses suggests that the long-wavelength absorption and emission properties of these complexes are strongly characterized by a combination of spin-forbidden metal-to-ligand charge-transfer and quinoxaline-centered transitions. The emission wavelength in these complexes can thus be controlled in two ways: first, substitution of the cyclometalating quinoxaline ligand can perturb both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels (LUMO, Cl atoms on the ligand induce the largest bathochromic shift), and second, the choice of the ancillary ligand can influence the HOMO energy (pyrazinoate stabilizes the HOMO, inducing hypsochromic shifts).

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Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem