Pyrazines

An article Novel pyrazine based anti-tubercular agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies WOS:000516796900043 published article about MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ACID HYDRAZONES; DERIVATIVES; RESISTANCE; DOCKING; DRUGS; GRANULOCYTES; INHIBITORS; PREDICTION in [Hassan, Nayera W.; Saudi, Manal N.; Abdel-Ghany, Yasser S.; Ismail, Azza; Elzahhar, Perihan A.; El-Hawash, Soad A.] Alexandria Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; [Sriram, Dharmarajan] Birla Inst Technol & Sci Pilani, Med Chem & Drug Discovery Res Lab, Pharm Grp, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar 500078, Telangana, India; [Nassra, Rasha] Alexandria Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, Alexandria, Egypt; [Abdel-Aziz, Marwa M.] Al Azhar Univ, Reg Ctr Mycol & Biotechnol, Cairo 11759, Egypt in 2020, Cited 84. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Product Details of 98-97-5

TB continues to be a leading health threat despite the availability of powerful anti-TB drugs. We report herein the design and synthesis of various hybrid molecules comprising pyrazine scaffold and various formerly identified anti-mycobacterial moieties. Thirty-one compounds were screened in vitro for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using MABA assay. The results revealed that six compounds (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 14b and 18) displayed significant activity against Mtb with MIC values <= 6.25 mu g/ml versus 6.25 mu g/ml for pyrazinamide. The most active compounds were then assessed for their in vitro cytotoxicity against PBMC normal cell line using MTT assay and showed SI > 200. Several in silico studies have been carried out for target fishing of the novel compounds such as shape-based similarity, pharmacophore mapping and inverse docking. Based on this multi-step target fishing study, we suggest that pantothenate synthetase could be the possible target responsible for the action of these compounds. The most active compounds were then successfully docked into the active site of pantothenate synthetase enzyme with favorable binding interactions. In addition, in silico prediction of physicochemical, ADMET and drug-like properties were also determined indicating that compounds 8b, 8c and 8d are promising candidates for the development of new anti-TB agents with enhanced activity and better safety profile.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Hassan, NW; Saudi, MN; Abdel-Ghany, YS; Ismail, A; Elzahhar, PA; Sriram, D; Nassra, R; Abdel-Aziz, MM; El-Hawash, SA or send Email.. Product Details of 98-97-5

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In 2020 MED CHEM RES published article about ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL EVALUATION; ONE-POT; ESTERIFICATION; ESTERS; AMIDES; AMINES in [Wati, First A.; Adyarini, Prisna U.; Fatmawati, Sri; Santoso, Mardi] Inst Teknol Sepuluh Nopember, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia in 2020, Cited 24. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Recommanded Product: 98-97-5

The Yamaguchi reaction is widely and generally applied to synthesize esters and lactones. It involves 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride as the Yamaguchi reagent, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine. Pyrazinamide is a crucial first-line drug for tuberculosis treatment, therefore their analogues are interesting in organic synthesis. In general, the synthesis pyrazinamide analogues involve reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride to yield the corresponding acyl chlorides, which on treatment with amines gave pyrazine-2-carboxamides. However, thionyl chloride is listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention and releases toxic sulfur oxide when react with carboxylic acid. We successfully synthesized series of pyrazinamide analogues using the Yamaguchi reaction. The synthesis involved reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid with various aliphatic and aromatic amines in the presence of Yamaguchi reagent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The yield of the pyrazine-2-carboxamides and the reaction time depended on the type of the amine (aliphatic vs aromatic), substitution pattern, and number of substituents on the aromatic amines.N-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamides can be prepared by this method in 81% yield;N-(2-ethylhexyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide andN-(4-fluorobenzyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide showed the best activity againstMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv (<6.25 mu g/mL). This result could lead to find more active pyrazinamide analogues. Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

I found the field of Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Evaluation and Docking Study of Pyrazine Containing 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazoles Clubbed with Substituted Azetidin-2-one: A New Class of Potential Antimicrobial and Antitubercular published in 2021. Category: Pyrazines, Reprint Addresses Das, R (corresponding author), Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed Be Univ, MM Coll Pharm, Ambala 133207, Haryana, India.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Background Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the main killers of people all over the world. The major hurdles with existing therapy are the lengthy regimen and appearance of multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of M.tuberculosis. Aims The present work was aimed to synthesize and determine antitubercular and antimicrobial potential of some novel 3-chloro-4-aryl-1-[4-(5-pyrazin-2-yl[1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-azetidin-2-one derivatives 7(a-h) from pyrazinoic acid as precursor, which is a well-established antitubercular agent. Here we report the synthesis of a new class of heterocyclic molecules in which pyrazine, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole and azetidinone moieties were present in one frame work. Methods Pyrazinoic acid (1) was esterified first (2) followed by amination to produce hydrazide (3) which was refluxed with POCl3 to obtain 2-chloromethyl-5pyrazino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (4). This was then further reacted with 4-amino phenol to obtain 4-[5-pyrazino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl-methoxy]-phenyl amine (5) which on condensation with various aromatic aldehydes afforded a series Schiff’s bases 6(a-h). Dehydrative annulations of 6(a-h) in the presence of chloroacetyl chloride and triethylamine yielded 3-chloro-4-aryl-1-[4-(5-pyrazin-2-yl-[1, 3, 4]oxadiazole-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-azetidin-2-one derivatives 7(a-h). Antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular potential of all the synthesized compounds were assessed. Docking study was performed using the software VLife Engine tools of Vlifemds 4.6 on the protein lumazine synthase of M. tuberculosis (PDB entry code 2C92). Results The present studies demonstrated that synthesized oxadiazole derivatives have good antimicrobial activity against the various microorganisms. Among the synthesized derivative, 7b and 7g were found to be prominent compounds which have potential antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular activity (with MIC 3.12 mu g/ml and high dock score ranging from -59.0 to -54.0) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusions Derivatives 7b and 7g would be effective lead candidates for tuberculosis therapy.

Category: Pyrazines. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Das, R; Mehta, DK or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article A chromone based Schiff base: An efficient colorimetric sensor for specific detection of Cu (II) ion in real water samples WOS:000609153400003 published article about FLUORESCENT DETECTION; CHEMOSENSOR; PROBE; COPPER; PRECONCENTRATION; FE3+; SITE in [Tomer, Nisha; Goel, Apurva; Malhotra, Rajesh] Guru Jambheshwar Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India; [Ghule, Vikas D.] Natl Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India in 2021, Cited 45. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

A new chromone based Schiff base ligand L was synthesized by the condensation of 3-formyl chromone and pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide as a colorimetric probe to detect Cu (II) ions selectively. An instant visual colour change from colourless to yellow was obtained on addition of Cu2+ ions to the probe L solution, while other metal ions found ineffective. The ligand L was characterized by H-1 NMR, FTIR and HRMS spectral techniques. UV-Visible spectroscopic technique was used to study the sensing ability of probe L for copper ions above other metal ions. The Job’s plot obtained from absorption studies and HRMS data confirmed that the Cu2+ ions bind with ligand L in 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. DFT computations were also supported the binding framework between L and Cu (II) ions. The LOD value and the association constant were obtained 3.9 x 10(-7) M and 2.3 x 10(5) M-1 respectively, via Benesi-Hildebrand equation. Selectivity of L towards Cu2+ ions was also studied and it was found that the probe L worked specifically for copper ions without any considerable influence of other intruding metal ions. In addition, in real water samples, the ligand L was fully implemented for identification and quantification of Cu2+ ions. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Tomer, N; Goel, A; Ghule, VD; Malhotra, R or send Email.. Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthetic Route of 1953146-81-0. Today I’d like to introduce a new chemical compound, CAS is 1953146-81-0, Name is 36-(((2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-Acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-21,21-bis((3-((3-(5-(((2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)pentanamido)propyl)amino)-3-oxopropoxy)methyl)-19,26,32-trioxo-4,7,10,13,16,23-hexaoxa-20,27,31-triazahexatriacontan-1-oic acid, Formula is C75H134N10O35, Molecular Weight is 1735.91g/mol. Because of its complex structure and huge molecular weight, this compound is rarely understood. Now let me introduce some knowledge about its synthesis.

The general reactant of this compound is 5-[[3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]pentanoic acid;Phenylmethyl N-[2-[3-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]-3-oxopropoxy]-1,1-bis[[3-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]-3-oxopropoxy]methyl]ethyl]carbamate, Reagents is 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole, Diisopropylethylamine;1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-benzotriazolium hexafluorophosphate(1-) 3-oxide, Catalyst(), Solvent is Dimethylformamide, Products Phenylmethyl 8,14-dioxo-3,3-bis[[3-oxo-3-[[3-[[1-oxo-5-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]pentyl]amino]propyl]amino]propoxy]methyl]-18-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]-5-oxa-2,9,13-triazaoctadecanoate, Yield: 58%, Synthetic Methods procedure :1. Add HOBt ( 25.00 g, 0.16 mmol ) and HBTU ( 75.15 g, 198.15 mmol ) to a solution of triamine ( 35.0 g, 54 mmol ) and the acid ( 80.54 g, 180.10 mmol ) in DMF ( 300 mL ) ., 2. Add DIEA ( 94 mL, 544 mmol ) slowly to above mixture., 3. Stir the reaction for 3 hours at room temperature, dilute with water and extract the mixture with ether ( 300 mL ) ., 4. Separate the water phase, extract with DCM ( 2 x 500 mL ) and wash the combined organic layers consecutively with saturated NaHCO3 ( 400 mL ) , water ( 2 x 300 mL ) and brine ( 300 mL ) ., 5. Dry over anhydrous Na2SO4, evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure., 6. Purify the residue by silica gel chromatography ( eluent: 3-15 % MeOH in DCM ) ., Transfornation (Acylation of Nitrogen Nucleophiles by Carboxylic Acids. Characterization Data include ‘s Proton NMR Spectrum : ( 400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) : δ 7.87–7.76 ( m, 6H, NH ) ; 7.71 ( t, J = 5.7 Hz, 3H, NH ) ; 7.37-7.25 ( m, 5H ) ; 6.52 ( brs, 1H, NH ) ; 5.20 ( d, J = 3.4 Hz, 3H, sugar H4 ) ; 5.00–4.92 ( m, 5H ) ; 4.47 ( d, J = 8.5 Hz, 3H, sugar H1 ) ; 4.06–3.97 ( m, 9H, sugar H5, H6, H6′ ) ; 3.86 ( dt, J = 8.8, 11.1 Hz, 3H, sugar H2 ) ; 3.69 ( dt, J = 5.6, 9.9 Hz, 3H ) ; 3.53 ( t, J = 6.4 Hz, 6H ) ; 3.47 ( s broad, 6H ) ; 3.39 ( dt, J = 6.4, 9.9 Hz, 3H ) ; 3.07-2.97 ( m, 12H ) ; 2.26 ( t, J = 6.4 Hz, 6H ) ; 2.09 ( s, 9H ) ; 2.03 ( t, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H ) ; 1.98 ( s, 9H ) ; 1.88 ( s, 9H ) ; 1.76 ( s, 9H ) ; 1.58–1.35 ( m, 18H ) ., Carbon-13 NMR : ( 126 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) : δ171.9, 170.0, 169.9, 169.9, 169.6, 169.4, 137.2, 128.3, 127.7, 127.5, 101.0, 79.2, 70.5, 69.8, 68.7, 68.2, 67.3, 66.7, 61.4, 58.8, 49.4, 36.4, 36.3, 36.1, 35.0, 29.3, 28.6, 22.8, 21.8, 20.5, 20.5, 20.4., Mass Spectrum: Mass calc. for C87H134N10O38: 1926.88; found: 1949.89 [M+Na+, MALDI-TOF, matrix: 2- ( 4-hydroxyphenylazo ) benzoic acid ( HABA ) ]., State is pale yellow solid

Synthetic Route of 1953146-81-0. I’m so glad you had the patience to read the whole article, if you want know more about 1953146-81-0, you can browse my other blog.

Reference:
CAS Reaction Number: 31-355-CAS-9994399,
,CAS Method Number: 3-614-CAS-3165786

Electric Literature of 1159408-72-6. Today I’d like to introduce a new chemical compound, CAS is 1159408-72-6, Name is (2S,4R)-2-[[Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]methyl]-4-hydroxy-λ-oxo-N-[2-[3-oxo-3-[[3-[[1-oxo-5-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]pentyl]amino]propyl]amino]propoxy]-1,1-bis[[3-oxo-3-[[3-[[1-oxo-5-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]pentyl]amino]propyl]amino]propoxy]methyl]ethyl]-1-pyrrolidinedodecanamide, Formula is C117H175N11O42, Molecular Weight is 2407.69g/mol. Because of its complex structure and huge molecular weight, this compound is rarely understood. Now let me introduce some knowledge about its synthesis.

The general reactant of this compound is 1646203-74-8, Reagents is Hydrogen, Catalyst(Palladium), Solvent is Methanol, Products 12,19,25-Trioxo-14,14-bis[[3-oxo-3-[[3-[[1-oxo-5-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]pentyl]amino]propyl]amino]propoxy]methyl]-29-[[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]-16-oxa-13,20,24-triazanonacosanoic acid, Yield: 95%, Synthetic Methods procedure :1. Dissolve the reactant ( 10.50 g, 5.01 mmol ) in methanol, evaporate under reduced pressure to remove traces of chlorinated solvent from previous step., 2. Re-dissolve in MeOH and degas with argon., 3. Add 10 wt% Pd-C ( 1.0 g, wet Degussa type E101 NE/W ) and hydrogenate the reaction under normal pressure overnight., 4. Filter the reaction mixture through celite and wash with MeOH., 5. Evaporate the combined filtrate under reduced pressure., , Transfornation (Hydrolysis or Hydrogenolysis of Carboxylic Esters or Thioesters. Characterization Data include ‘s Proton NMR Spectrum : ( 400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) : δ 11.93 ( brs, 1H, -COOH ) ; 7.91-7.81 ( m, 6H, NH ) ; 7.72 ( t, J = 5.6 Hz, 3H, NH ) ; 6.96 ( s, 1H, NH ) ; 5.20 ( d, J = 3.4, 3H, sugar H4 ) ; 4.96 ( dd, J = 3.4, 11.2 Hz, 3H, sugar H3 ) ; 4.48 ( d, J = 8.4, 3H, sugar H1 ) ; 4.05-3.97 ( m, 9H, sugar H5, H6, H6′ ) ; 3.86 ( dt, J = 8.8, 11.0 Hz, 3H, sugar H2 ) ; 3.69 ( dt, J = 6.0, 9.9 Hz, 3H ) ; 3.57-3.47 ( m, 12H ) ; 3.40 ( dt, J = 6.3, 9.9 Hz, 3H ) ; 3.07-2.98 ( m, 12H ) ; 2.27 ( t, J = 6.4 Hz, 6H ) ; 2.17 ( t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H ) ; 2.09 ( s, 9H ) ; 2.03 ( t, J = 7.2 Hz, 8H ) ; 1.98 ( s, 9H ) ; 1.89 ( s, 9H ) ; 1.76 ( s, 9H ) ; 1.55-1.37 ( m, 22H ) ; 1.27-1.16 ( m, 12H ) ., Carbon-13 NMR : ( 101 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) : δ 174.7, 172.6, 172.0, 170.2, 170.0, 169.9, 169.6, 169.4, 101.0, 70.5, 69.9, 68.7, 68.3, 67.4, 66.7, 61.5, 59.5, 49.4, 36.4, 36.3, 36.1, 35.9, 35.1, 34.0, 29.3, 28.97, 28.95, 28.8, 28.8, 28.6, 28.5, 25.3, 24.7, 22.8, 21.9, 20.5, 20.5, 20.4., Mass Spectrum: Mass calc. for C91H148N10O39: 2004.99; found: 2028.01 ( M+Na+, MALDI-TOF, matrix: HABA ) ., State is white solid

Electric Literature of 1159408-72-6. I’m so glad you had the patience to read the whole article, if you want know more about 1159408-72-6, you can browse my other blog.

Reference:
CAS Method Number 3-355-CAS-9994399,
,CAS Method Number 3-010-CAS-8275923

An article A Stable Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Framework as Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Oxidation of Alcohols WOS:000465188700026 published article about AEROBIC OXIDATION; COORDINATION POLYMER; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; FENTON DEGRADATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; WATER in [Li, Dandan; Xu, Qiaofei; Li, Yingguang; Qiu, Yueting; Ma, Pengtao; Niu, Jingyang; Wang, Jingping] Henan Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Inst Mol & Crystal Engn, Henan Key Lab Polyoxometalate Chem, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 54. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Category: Pyrazines

A novel copper-containing 3D polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework (POMOF), H[(Cu5CuII)-Cu-I(pzc)(2)(pz)(4.5){P2W18O62}]center dot 6H(2)O (HENU-1, HENU = Henan University; Hpzc = pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, pz = pyrazine), was successfully isolated by a one-step hydrothermal method. In this compound, the {P2W18} polyanion acts as a seven-connected linker bridging adjacent 2D double-layer networks, as well as a template to induce the formation of the desired 3D framework. Particularly, the pz ligands are generated from pzc ligands in situ during the reaction process. HENU-1 exhibits not only good stability in air but also tolerance to acidic and basic media. It was first employed as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol into acetophenone, which shows 97% yield using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant with a turnover frequency of up to 9690.h(-1), and was reused for at least five cycles without significant catalytic activity loss. No POM leaching or framework decomposition was observed in our study.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Li, DD; Xu, QF; Li, YG; Qiu, YT; Ma, PT; Niu, JY; Wang, JP or send Email.. Category: Pyrazines

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Pyrazinamide triggers degradation of its target aspartate decarboxylase WOS:000564272800001 published article about TUBERCULOSIS; RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; PROTEASE; COMPLEX in [Gopal, Pooja; Sarathy, Jickky Palmae] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Med, Singapore, Singapore; [Yee, Michelle; Dick, Thomas] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Singapore, Singapore; [Ragunathan, Priya; Shin, Joon; Bhushan, Shashi; Grueber, Gerhard] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Singapore, Singapore; [Zhu, Junhao; Akopian, Tatos; Kandror, Olga; Rubin, Eric J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Lim, Teck Kwang; Lin, Qingsong] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore, Singapore; [Gengenbacher, Martin; Dick, Thomas] Hackensack Meridian Hlth, Ctr Discovery & Innovat, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA; [Gengenbacher, Martin; Dick, Thomas] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Med Sci, Hackensack Meridian Med Sch, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA; [Gopal, Pooja] Merck Res Labs, MSD Translat Med Res Ctr, Singapore, Singapore in 2020, Cited 29. Formula: C5H4N2O2. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

Pyrazinamide is a sterilizing first-line tuberculosis drug. Genetic, metabolomic and biophysical analyses previously demonstrated that pyrazinoic acid, the bioactive form of the prodrug pyrazinamide (PZA), interrupts biosynthesis of coenzyme A in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by binding to aspartate decarboxylase PanD. While most drugs act by inhibiting protein function upon target binding, we find here that pyrazinoic acid is only a weak enzyme inhibitor. We show that binding of pyrazinoic acid to PanD triggers degradation of the protein by the caseinolytic protease ClpC1-ClpP. Thus, the old tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide exerts anti-bacterial activity by acting as a target degrader, a mechanism of action that has recently emerged as a successful strategy in drug discovery across disease indications. Our findings provide the basis for the rational discovery of next generation PZA.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Gopal, P; Sarathy, JP; Yee, M; Ragunathan, P; Shin, J; Bhushan, S; Zhu, JH; Akopian, T; Kandror, O; Lim, TK; Gengenbacher, M; Lin, QS; Rubin, EJ; Gruber, G; Dick, T or send Email.. Formula: C5H4N2O2

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

I found the field of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Calculation of the Isobaric Heat Capacities of the Liquid and Solid Phase of Organic Compounds at and around 298.15 K Based on Their True Molecular Volume published in 2019. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, Reprint Addresses Naef, R (corresponding author), Univ Basel, Dept Chem, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

A universally applicable method for the prediction of the isobaric heat capacities of the liquid and solid phase of molecules at 298.15 K is presented, derived from their true volume. The molecules’ true volume in A(3) is calculated on the basis of their geometry-optimized structure and the Van-der-Waals radii of their constituting atoms by means of a fast numerical algorithm. Good linear correlations of the true volume of a large number of compounds encompassing all classes and sizes with their experimental liquid and solid heat capacities over a large range have been found, although noticeably distorted by intermolecular hydrogen-bond effects. To account for these effects, the total amount of 1303 compounds with known experimental liquid heat capacities has been subdivided into three subsets consisting of 1102 hydroxy-group-free compounds, 164 monoalcohols/monoacids, and 36 polyalcohols/polyacids. The standard deviations for Cp(liq,298) were 20.7 J/mol/K for the OH-free compunds, 22.91 J/mol/K for the monoalcohols/monoacids and 16.03 J/mol/K for the polyols/polyacids. Analogously, 797 compounds with known solid heat capacities have been separated into a subset of 555 OH-free compounds, 123 monoalcohols/monoacids and 119 polyols/polyacids. The standard deviations for Cp(sol,298) were calculated to 23.14 J/mol/K for the first, 21.62 J/mol/K for the second, and 19.75 J/mol/K for the last subset. A discussion of structural and intermolecular effects influencing the heat capacities as well as of some special classes, in particular hydrocarbons, ionic liquids, siloxanes and metallocenes, has been given. In addition, the present method has successfully been extended to enable the prediction of the temperature dependence of the solid and liquid heat capacities in the range between 250 and 350 K.

Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Mycobacterium tuberculosis PanD Structure-Function Analysis and Identification of a Potent Pyrazinoic Acid-Derived Enzyme Inhibitor WOS:000664331200009 published article about ASPARTATE-ALPHA-DECARBOXYLASE; PYRAZINAMIDE RESISTANCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ATP SYNTHESIS; MUTATIONS; EXPRESSION; SYNTHASE in [Ragunathan, Priya; Latka, Chitra; Shin, Joon; Manimekalai, Malathy Sony Subramanian; Rishikesan, Sankaranarayanan; Gruber, Gerhard] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Singapore 637551, Singapore; [Cole, Malcolm; Hegde, Pooja; Aldrich, Courtney C.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Aragaw, Wassihun Wedajo; Dick, Thomas] Hackensack Meridian Hlth, Ctr Discovery & Innovat, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA; [Dick, Thomas] Hackensack Meridian Sch Med, Dept Med Sci, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA; [Dick, Thomas] Georgetown Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA in 2021, Cited 28. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

A common strategy employed in antibacterial drug discovery is the targeting of biosynthetic processes that are essential and specific for the pathogen. Specificity in particular avoids undesirable interactions with potential enzymatic counterparts in the human host, and it ensures ontarget toxicity. Synthesis of pantothenate (Vitamine B5), which is a precursor of the acyl carrier coenzyme A, is an example of such a pathway. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), pantothenate is formed by pantothenate synthase, utilizing D-pantoate and beta-Ala as substrates. beta-Ala is mainly formed by the decarboxylation of L-aspartate, generated by the decarboxylase PanD, which is a homo-oliogomer in solution. Pyrazinoic acid (POA), which is the bioactive form of the TB prodrug pyrazinamide, binds and inhibits PanD activity weakly. Here, we generated a library of recombinant Mtb PanD mutants based on structural information and PZA/POA resistance mutants. Alterations in oligomer formation, enzyme activity, and/or POA binding were observed in respective mutants, providing insights into essential amino acids for Mtb PanD’s proper structural assembly, decarboxylation activity and drug interaction. This information provided the platform for the design of novel POA analogues with modifications at position 3 of the pyrazine ring. Analogue 2, which incorporates a bulky naphthamido group at this position, displayed a 1000-fold increase in enzyme inhibition, compared to POA, along with moderately improved antimycobacterial activity. The data demonstrate that an improved understanding of mechanistic and enzymatic features of key metabolic enzymes can stimulate design of more-potent PanD inhibitors.

Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem