Pyrazines

Authors Cox, B; Duffy, J; Zdorichenko, V; Bellanger, C; Hurcum, J; Laleu, B; Booker-Milburn, KI; Elliott, LD; Robertson-Ralph, M; Swain, CJ; Bishop, SJ; Hallyburton, I; Anderson, M in AMER CHEMICAL SOC published article about 2,4-METHANOPROLINE in [Duffy, James; Laleu, Benoit] Med Malaria Venture, CH-1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland; [Cox, Brian; Zdorichenko, Victor; Bellanger, Corentin; Bishop, Stephen J.] Univ Sussex, Photodivers Ltd, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England; [Hurcum, Jessica] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England; [Booker-Milburn, Kevin, I; Elliott, Luke D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England; [Booker-Milburn, Kevin, I; Robertson-Ralph, Michael] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Photodivers Ltd, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England; [Swain, Christopher J.] Cambridge MedChem Consulting, Cambridge CB22 4RN, England; [Hallyburton, Irene; Anderson, Mark] Univ Dundee, Wellcome Ctr Antiinfect Res, Drug Discovery Unit, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland in 2020, Cited 18. Formula: C5H4N2O2. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

We utilized synthetic photochemistry to generate novel sp 3 -rich scaffolds and report the design, synthesis, and biological testing of a diverse series of amides based on the 1-(amino-methyl)-2-benzyl-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane scaffold. Preliminary antimalarial screening of the library provided promising compounds with activity in the 1-5 mu M range with an enhanced hit rate. Further evaluation (solubility, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK), and toxicity) of a selected compound (9) suggested that this series represents an excellent opportunity for further optimization with the framework offering multiple opportunities for the addition of uniquely vectorally positioned extra functionality.

Formula: C5H4N2O2. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Cox, B; Duffy, J; Zdorichenko, V; Bellanger, C; Hurcum, J; Laleu, B; Booker-Milburn, KI; Elliott, LD; Robertson-Ralph, M; Swain, CJ; Bishop, SJ; Hallyburton, I; Anderson, M or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Schreib, BS; Carreira, EM in [Schreib, Benedikt S.; Carreira, Erick M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, HCI, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland published Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective C-H Iodination of Unactivated Alkenes in 2019, Cited 63. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

A palladium-catalyzed C-H iodination of unactivated alkenes is reported. A picolinamide directing group enables the regioselective functionalization of a wide array of olefins to furnish iodination products as single stereoisomers. Mechanistic investigations suggest the reversible formation of a six-membered alkenyl palladacycle intermediate through a turnover-limiting C-H activation.

Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

I found the field of Pharmacology & Pharmacy very interesting. Saw the article Discovery of Second-Generation NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Characterization published in 2019. Name: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, Reprint Addresses Zhang, SJ (corresponding author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Med Chem, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

NLRP3 inflammasomes have recently emerged as an attractive drug target for neurodegenerative disorders. In our continuing studies, a new chemical scaffold was designed as selective inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Initial characterization of the lead HL16 demonstrated improved, however, nonselective inhibition on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Structure-activity relationship studies of HL16 identified a new lead, 17 (YQ128), with an IC50 of 0.30 +/- 0.01 mu M. Further studies from in vitro and in vivo models confirmed its selective inhibition on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its brain penetration. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies in rats at 20 mg/kg indicated extensive systemic clearance and tissue distribution, leading to a half-life of 6.6 h. However, the oral bioavailability is estimated to be only 10%, which may reflect limited GI permeability and possibly high first-pass effects. Collectively, these findings strongly encourage development of more potent analogues with improved pharmacokinetic properties from this new chemical scaffold.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Jiang, YQ; He, L; Green, J; Blevins, H; Guo, CQ; Patel, SH; Halquist, MS; Mcrae, M; Venitz, J; Wang, XY; Zhang, SJ or send Email.. Name: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Calculation of the Isobaric Heat Capacities of the Liquid and Solid Phase of Organic Compounds at and around 298.15 K Based on Their True Molecular Volume WOS:000467765700181 published article about STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPY; STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; IONIC LIQUIDS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; GROUP ADDITIVITY; VAPOR-PRESSURES; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; COMPUTATIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY in [Naef, Rudolf] Univ Basel, Dept Chem, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland in 2019, Cited 287. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

A universally applicable method for the prediction of the isobaric heat capacities of the liquid and solid phase of molecules at 298.15 K is presented, derived from their true volume. The molecules’ true volume in A(3) is calculated on the basis of their geometry-optimized structure and the Van-der-Waals radii of their constituting atoms by means of a fast numerical algorithm. Good linear correlations of the true volume of a large number of compounds encompassing all classes and sizes with their experimental liquid and solid heat capacities over a large range have been found, although noticeably distorted by intermolecular hydrogen-bond effects. To account for these effects, the total amount of 1303 compounds with known experimental liquid heat capacities has been subdivided into three subsets consisting of 1102 hydroxy-group-free compounds, 164 monoalcohols/monoacids, and 36 polyalcohols/polyacids. The standard deviations for Cp(liq,298) were 20.7 J/mol/K for the OH-free compunds, 22.91 J/mol/K for the monoalcohols/monoacids and 16.03 J/mol/K for the polyols/polyacids. Analogously, 797 compounds with known solid heat capacities have been separated into a subset of 555 OH-free compounds, 123 monoalcohols/monoacids and 119 polyols/polyacids. The standard deviations for Cp(sol,298) were calculated to 23.14 J/mol/K for the first, 21.62 J/mol/K for the second, and 19.75 J/mol/K for the last subset. A discussion of structural and intermolecular effects influencing the heat capacities as well as of some special classes, in particular hydrocarbons, ionic liquids, siloxanes and metallocenes, has been given. In addition, the present method has successfully been extended to enable the prediction of the temperature dependence of the solid and liquid heat capacities in the range between 250 and 350 K.

Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Naef, R or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Formula: C5H4N2O2. Authors Yang, YJ; Wang, K; Yang, Y; Lai, FF; Chen, XG; Xiao, ZY in TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD published article about in [Yang, Ya-Jun; Wang, Ke; Yang, Ying; Xiao, Zhi-Yan] Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Inst Mat Med, Beijing Key Lab Active Subst Discovery & Druggabi, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China; [Lai, Fang-Fang; Chen, Xiao-Guang] Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Inst Mat Med, State Key Lab Bioact Subst & Funct Nat Med, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China in 2021, Cited 21. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

Based on the interaction modes of the natural 20S proteasome inhibitors TMC-95A, we have previously discovered a dipeptide 1. To explore the SAR around compound 1, we designed and synthesized a series of dipeptides (8-38) with a fragment-based strategy. Among them, nine compounds showed significant inhibitory activities against the chymotrypsin-like activity of human 20S proteasome with IC50 values at the submicromolar level, which were comparable or even superior to the parent compound 1. Meanwhile, they displayed no significant inhibition against trypsin-like and caspase-like activities of 20S proteasome. The results suggested the feasibility to design dipeptides as novel and potent 20S proteasome inhibitors.

Formula: C5H4N2O2. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Yang, YJ; Wang, K; Yang, Y; Lai, FF; Chen, XG; Xiao, ZY or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article The crystal structures of the ligand N-(quinolin-8-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide and of a tetranuclear copper(II) complex WOS:000477632400011 published article about CU-II COMPLEX; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES in [Cati, Dilovan S.] Debiopharm Int SA, Chemin Messidor 5-7,CP 5911, CH-1002 Lausanne, Switzerland; [Stoeckli-Evans, Helen] Univ Neuchatel, Inst Phys, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland in 2019, Cited 31. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Category: Pyrazines

The title tridentate ligand, C14H10N4O, N-(quinolin-8-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide (HL1), crystallizes with three independent molecules (A, B and C) in the asymmetric unit. All three molecules are relatively planar (r.m.s. deviations are 0.068, 0.055 and 0.06 angstrom, respectively), with the NH H atom forming three-centered (bifurcated) intramolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds in each molecule. There is also an intramolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot O contact present in each molecule, involving the benzene ring of the quinoline unit and the amide carboxamide O atom. In the crystal, the three molecules stack in columns with the various molecules being linked by offset pi-pi interactions [intercentroid distances vary from 3.367 (5) to 3.589 (5) angstrom], forming layers parallel to the ab plane. The title complex, [Cu-4(C42H44N8O16)]center dot 2CH(3)OH, {hexa-mu-acetato-1: 2 kappa O-2:O’;2:3 kappa O-8:O’;3:4 kappa O-2:O’-dimethanol-1 kappa O, 2 kappa O-bis[N-(quinolin-8-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide]-1 kappa N-3, N’, N ”; 4 kappa(3) N, N’, N ”-tetracopper(II) methanol disolvate} (I), was obtained by the reaction of HL1 with Cu(CH3CO2)(2). It consists of a tetranuclear complex with a central tetrakis(mu-acetato) dicopper paddle-wheel moiety linked on either side via bridging acetato ions to a mononuclear copper(II)-(L1) complex; it crystallizes as a methanol disolvate. The complex possesses inversion symmetry, being located about a center of symmetry situated at the mid-point of the Cu center dot center dot center dot Cu bond of the paddle-wheel moiety. In the crystal, the complex molecules are linked by O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the [01 (1) over bar] direction, which are linked by offset pi-pi interactions [intercentroid distance = 3.7367 (11) angstrom] and C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of a supramolecular framework.

Category: Pyrazines. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Cati, DS; Stoeckli-Evans, H or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. In 2020 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT published article about PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ACCURATE DOCKING; OXAZOLIDINONE; OXADIAZOLES; DESIGN; GLIDE in [Kashid, Bharat B.; Salunkhe, Pravin H.; Dongare, Balasaheb B.; Ghanwat, Anil A.] Solapur Univ, Sch Chem Sci, Chem Res Lab, Solapur 413255, India; [Salunkhe, Pravin H.] CSIR Natl Chem Lab, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; [More, Kishor R.] Shandong Keyuan Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Keyuan St, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China; [Khedkar, Vijay M.] Vishwakarma Univ, Sch Pharm, Survey 2,3,4 Laxminagar, Pune 411048, Maharashtra, India in 2020, Cited 43. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

A series of novel 2, 5-disubstituted 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole derivatives as a potential anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent were synthesized via cyclisation. Hydrazide molecule treated with substituted acids in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) as an efficient reagent as well as solvent by conventional method with shorter reaction time and excellent yield. The newly synthesized 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives exhibited excellent to good anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities compaired to the standard drugs. Molecular docking study on the crucial anti-inflammatory target-cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) revealed the ability of the scaffold to correctly recognize the active site and achieve significant bonded and non-bonded interactions with key residues therein. This study could identify potential compounds which can be pertinent starting points for structure-based drug design to obtain newer anti-inflammatory agents.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Kashid, BB; Salunkhe, PH; Dongare, BB; More, KR; Khedkar, VM; Ghanwat, AA or send Email.. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recently I am researching about RENAL-FUNCTION; METABOLITES; CLEARANCE; RIFAMPIN, Saw an article supported by the South African Medical Research CouncilUK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Medical Research Council UK (MRC); University of the Western Cape. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Published in SPRINGER FRANCE in PARIS ,Authors: Mugabo, P; Mulubwa, M. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Background and ObjectivesPyrazinamide, a drug used in the regimen for the treatment of drug-sensitive tuberculosis, is also used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide and its major metabolite, pyrazinoic acid, in patients with MDR-TB and characterise the effects of demographic variables.MethodsThis was a non-randomised clinical study involving 51 adult patients admitted for the intensive phase of MDR-TB treatment. Blood samples were collected at pre-dose and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16 and 24h after drug administration. Plasma concentrations of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid were analysed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling using Monolix 2018R1 software was employed to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters.ResultsA one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with transit compartment absorption process and first-order elimination best described the pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid concentration-time data. The estimated population pharmacokinetic parameters were 0.7h, 3.38h(-1), 57.1l, 4.37L/h and 10.5L/h for mean transit time, absorption rate constant, apparent distribution volume for pyrazinamide, and apparent clearance for pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid (CLm/F), respectively. These parameters were not affected by patient age, HIV status or sex. The parameter variability in CLm/F was the highest (83.5%), while the rest of the parameters ranged from 16.2 to 58%.ConclusionsThe developed population pharmacokinetic model adequately described the disposition of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid and can be useful for dose determination of pyrazinamide in patients with MDR-TB.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Mugabo, P; Mulubwa, M or send Email.. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Evaluation and Docking Study of Pyrazine Containing 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazoles Clubbed with Substituted Azetidin-2-one: A New Class of Potential Antimicrobial and Antitubercular WOS:000575832100001 published article about MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; LUMAZINE SYNTHASE; BINDING MODE; BETA-LACTAMS; 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE; AZETIDINONES; RESISTANCE; INHIBITORS; DESIGN in [Das, Rina; Mehta, Dinesh Kumar] Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed Be Univ, MM Coll Pharm, Ambala 133207, Haryana, India in 2021, Cited 50. COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

Background Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the main killers of people all over the world. The major hurdles with existing therapy are the lengthy regimen and appearance of multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of M.tuberculosis. Aims The present work was aimed to synthesize and determine antitubercular and antimicrobial potential of some novel 3-chloro-4-aryl-1-[4-(5-pyrazin-2-yl[1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-azetidin-2-one derivatives 7(a-h) from pyrazinoic acid as precursor, which is a well-established antitubercular agent. Here we report the synthesis of a new class of heterocyclic molecules in which pyrazine, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole and azetidinone moieties were present in one frame work. Methods Pyrazinoic acid (1) was esterified first (2) followed by amination to produce hydrazide (3) which was refluxed with POCl3 to obtain 2-chloromethyl-5pyrazino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (4). This was then further reacted with 4-amino phenol to obtain 4-[5-pyrazino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl-methoxy]-phenyl amine (5) which on condensation with various aromatic aldehydes afforded a series Schiff’s bases 6(a-h). Dehydrative annulations of 6(a-h) in the presence of chloroacetyl chloride and triethylamine yielded 3-chloro-4-aryl-1-[4-(5-pyrazin-2-yl-[1, 3, 4]oxadiazole-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-azetidin-2-one derivatives 7(a-h). Antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular potential of all the synthesized compounds were assessed. Docking study was performed using the software VLife Engine tools of Vlifemds 4.6 on the protein lumazine synthase of M. tuberculosis (PDB entry code 2C92). Results The present studies demonstrated that synthesized oxadiazole derivatives have good antimicrobial activity against the various microorganisms. Among the synthesized derivative, 7b and 7g were found to be prominent compounds which have potential antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular activity (with MIC 3.12 mu g/ml and high dock score ranging from -59.0 to -54.0) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusions Derivatives 7b and 7g would be effective lead candidates for tuberculosis therapy.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Das, R; Mehta, DK or send Email.. COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

SDS of cas: 98-97-5. Authors Packiaraj, S; Kousalya, L; Pushpaveni, A; Poornima, S; Puschmann, H; Govindarajan, S in SPRINGER published article about in [Packiaraj, S.] Sri Krishna Coll Engn & Technol, Sci & Humanities Chem, Coimbatore 641008, Tamil Nadu, India; [Packiaraj, S.; Pushpaveni, A.; Poornima, S.; Govindarajan, S.] Bharathiar Univ, Dept Chem, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; [Kousalya, L.] Nirmala Coll Women, Dept Bot, Coimbatore 641018, Tamil Nadu, India; [Pushpaveni, A.] Kongunadu Arts & Sci Coll, Dept Chem, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India; [Puschmann, H.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England in 2021, Cited 43. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

In general, molecules with certain functional groups such as amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) can promote the growth of co-crystals leading to the formation of supramolecular networks. However, if the differences in the pKa values of the two molecules are large [pKa (base)-pKa (acid)], salts can result instead of ‘real’ co-crystals. Here, we report the formation of such salt by letting pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (pKa = 2.9) crystallize together with aminoguanidine (pKa = 11.5; high Delta pka = 8.6) a nitrogen-rich organic base. The title salt has been prepared by slow evaporation of an equimolar ratio of guanylhydrazine bicarbonate (i.e., aminoguanidine bicarbonate (AgunH.HCO3)) and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (Pymca) in aqueous medium. The salt was characterized by IR spectroscopy, powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. This material shows enhanced antioxidant activity and this is due to the crucial role of hydrazinic moiety in the aminoguanidinium salt.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Packiaraj, S; Kousalya, L; Pushpaveni, A; Poornima, S; Puschmann, H; Govindarajan, S or send Email.. SDS of cas: 98-97-5

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem