Pyrazines

Product Details of 1827-27-6. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine, is researched, Molecular C5H5FN2, CAS is 1827-27-6, about Synthesis, biological evaluation and 3D-QSAR studies of 1,2,4-triazole-5-substituted carboxylic acid bioisosteres as uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with gout. Author is Wu, Jing-wei; Yin, Ling; Liu, Yu-qiang; Zhang, Huan; Xie, Ya-fei; Wang, Run-ling; Zhao, Gui-long.

Bromonaphthylmethyltriazolyl thioether lesinurad analogs and bioisosteres such as I were prepared as inhibitors of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) for potential use in treating hyperuricemia and gout. I inhibited URAT1 with an IC50 value of 32 nM, 225-fold lower than lesinurad. The pharmacophore for the lesinurad analogs was determined using a 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model; the hypothesis was validated by three methods (cost anal., Fisher’s randomization and leave-one-out).

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Nature (London, United Kingdom) called Formation of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in the cyanobromination of lanthionine, Author is van Rensburg, N. J. J., which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, SMILESS is O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, COA of Formula: C4H6N2O2S.

A 5 ml. solution of lanthionine in 0.1N HCl was added to 5 ml. 5% aqueous NaCN and the mixture treated with 1 ml. NCBr solution (prepared by adding 5% aqueous NaCN to a saturated solution of Br till the solution was just colorless). After 3 consecutive boilings for 30 secs. and cooling for 3 min., the thiol content estimation was interfered with by incomplete removal of NCBr. The reaction mixture was, therefore, boiled for 10 min., but the quantity of thiol formed was not consistent and reproducibility of the results was very poor. Paper chromatography of the products in sec-BuOH-HCOOH-H2O (75:15:10) system showed the presence of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (I). In these experiments, HCl was converted to HCN, which was expelled on boiling and probably the high pH led to the formation of the acid.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Name: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about One-step elimination of L-cysteine desulfhydrase from crude enzyme extracts of Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 using an immunomagnetic affinity matrix improves the enzymatic production of L-cysteine.

In this study, a high efficiency immunomagnetic affinity matrix was developed to eliminate L-cysteine desulfhydrase (CD), which decomposes L-cysteine, in crude enzyme extracts from Pseudomonas sp. TS1138. After cloning and expression in Escherichia coli, recombinant CD was purified to raise polyclonal antibodies from mice. The anti-CD antibody was cross-linked to staphylococcal protein A-magnetic cellulose microspheres (MCMS) with di-Me pimelimidate (DMP). The natural CD was eliminated from the crude enzyme extracts by treatment with the cross-linked antibody-protein A-MCMS, resulting in a high level of L-cysteine production The conversion rate of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) to L-cysteine increased significantly from 61.9 to 96.2%. The cross-linked antibody-protein A-MCMS showed its durability after repetitive use, maintaining a constant binding capacity for CD during five cycles. This study may lead to a convenient and cost-efficient method to produce L-cysteine by enzymic conversions.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate, is researched, Molecular C6H7NO3, CAS is 118994-89-1, about Synthesis and evaluation of anthelmintic and cytotoxic properties of [2,5′]bis-1,3-azole analogs of bengazoles.Synthetic Route of C6H7NO3.

Using different heterocycle formation methodologies (Deoxo-Fluor, DAST, POCl3, TosMIC), [2,5′]bis-1,3-azoles were prepared as stable analogs of bengazoles, a family of potent anthelmintic marine natural products. The cytotoxic activity of these heterocycles and their precursors on HCT-15 cells and the effect on the L4 larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were evaluated.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 4-Aminopyrimidine( cas:591-54-8 ) is researched.Product Details of 591-54-8.Li, Jian-Yuan; Miklossy, Gabriella; Modukuri, Ram K.; Bohren, Kurt M.; Yu, Zhifeng; Palaniappan, Murugesan; Faver, John C.; Riehle, Kevin; Matzuk, Martin M.; Simmons, Nicholas published the article 《Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroxycarbonylation of (Hetero)aryl Halides for DNA-Encoded Chemical Library Synthesis》 about this compound( cas:591-54-8 ) in Bioconjugate Chemistry. Keywords: palladium catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation heteroaryl halide DNA encoded library synthesis. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:591-54-8).

A strategy for DNA-compatible, palladium-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of (hetero)aryl halides on DNA-chem. conjugates has been developed. This method generally provided the corresponding carboxylic acids in moderate to very good conversions for (hetero)aryl iodides and bromides, and in poor to moderate conversions for (hetero)aryl chlorides. These conditions were further validated by application within a DNA-encoded chem. library synthesis and subsequent discovery of enriched features from the library in selection experiments against two protein targets.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Ninhydrin-positive components derived from cystine during the cyanide-nitroprusside test》. Authors are Hambraeus, Leif; Reio, Lembitu.The article about the compound:2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acidcas:2150-55-2,SMILESS:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O).Name: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) is conveyed.

NaCN used in the cyanide-nitroprusside test of Brand et. al to determine cystine (I) in urine (CA 24, 3555) could be effectively replaced by NaBH4 which yielded about the same color intensity as when NaCN was used. However, the color produced by NaBH4 faded very quickly. Studies were made to obtain some qual. and quant. data regarding the ninhydrin-pos. components during the reaction between NaCN, I, and Na nitroprusside by means of an automatic amino acid analyzer. When freshly prepared com. NaCN was used, 2 peaks were obtained (one of I and cysteine). With the addition of NaCN and I, no addnl. peak was found, but a new peak appeared which corresponded to 4-carboxythiazolidinon-2-imide (II) formed due to the cleavage of I. With pure I, peaks of II and another peak of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid appeared.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Direct Arylation of Azoles Enabled by Pd/Cu Dual Catalysis, published in 2021-03-19, which mentions a compound: 118994-89-1, Name is Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate, Molecular C6H7NO3, COA of Formula: C6H7NO3.

A practical approach toward the synthesis of 2-arylazoles via direct arylation was described. The transformation relied on a Pd/Cu cocatalyst system that operated with low catalyst loadings. The reaction conditions were found to be tolerant of a wide range of functional groups and nitrogen-containing heterocycles commonly employed in a drug discovery setting.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel Actinonin derivatives as HsPDF inhibitors, published in 2020-07-09, which mentions a compound: 591-54-8, mainly applied to peptidomimetic actinonin peptide synthesis antitumor structure activity HsPDF inhibitor; acyl chloride coupling chiral auxiliary alkylation bromoacetate oxidative hydrolysis; aromatic amine coupling proline nucleophilic addition nitrile hydroxylamine cyclization; amide amine peptide coupling hydrolysis Suzuki coupling mol docking; drug design target mechanism action, Related Products of 591-54-8.

Human mitochondrial peptide deformylase (HsPDF) is responsible for removing the formyl group from N-terminal formylmethionines of newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins and plays important roles in maintaining mitochondria function. It is overexpressed in various cancers and has been proposed as a novel therapeutic target. Actinonin, a naturally occurring peptidomimetic HsPDF inhibitor, was reported to inhibit the proliferation of a broad spectrum of human cancer cells in vitro. However, its efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile requires significant improvement for therapeutic purposes. To obtain HsPDF inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics, we screened an inhouse collection of actinonin derivatives and found two initial hits with antiproliferation activity. Further optimization along the peptidomimetic backbone lead to two series of compounds containing substituted Ph moieties. They are potent HsPDF inhibitors and exhibited greatly improved antiproliferation activity in selected cancer cell lines. Finally, compound (I) significantly inhibited the growth of human colon cancer in xenograft animal models.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Rewcastle, Gordon W.; Denny, William A.; Winters, R. Thomas; Colbry, Norman L.; Showalter, H. D. Hollis published the article 《Synthesis of 6-substituted pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones via directed lithiation of 2-substituted 5-aminopyridine derivatives》. Keywords: pyridopyrimidinone preparation; pyrimidinone pyrido preparation; aminopyridine lithiation carboxylation.They researched the compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine( cas:1827-27-6 ).Synthetic Route of C5H5FN2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:1827-27-6) here.

Directed lithiation of Boc or pivaloyl derivatives of 2-substituted 5-aminopyridines I (R = Cl, F, OMe, R1 = COnCMe3, X = H, n = 1, 2) with BuLi-TMEDA in di-Et ether at -10°C gave 4-lithio derivatives which were quenched with CO2 to give the analogous C-4 carboxylic acids I (X = CO2H). Hydrolysis of the protecting groups with either TFA or aqueous KOH gave 2-substituted 5-aminopyridine-4-carboxylic acids I (R1 = H, X = CO2H) which were converted to 6-substituted pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones II by reaction with formamide or, more optionally, formamidine acetate. Boc protected aminopyridines provided the best overall results, with synthesis of these derivatives best achieved by direct reaction of the aminopyridine with di-tert-Bu dicarbonate in the absence of added base.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Computed Properties of C4H6N2O2S. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Quantification of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid as a reliable marker of cyanide exposure using chemical derivatization followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

In this research, we have developed a novel and simple liquid chromatog. coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method for quantification of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), which is produced by the direct reaction of cyanide (CN) with endogenous cystine. In forensic science, detection of CN is important because CN is a poison that is often used for murder or suicide, in addition to being produced by the thermal decomposition of natural or synthetic materials. However, because CN disappears rapidly from body tissue, ATCA is thought to be a more reliable indicator of CN exposure. For the method reported herein, human blood samples (20μL) were subjected to protein precipitation followed by derivatization with 4-bromoethyl-7-methoxycoumarin. Blood spiked with ATCA at concentrations ranging from 50 to 1500 ng/mL was used to prepare a calibration curve (lower limit of quantification; 50 ng/mL, lower limit of detection; 25 ng/mL). Our method uses chem. derivatization, so unlike previously reported methods, it does not require tedious pretreatment procedures, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatog. columns, or specialized equipment. In addition, our method allows for repeatable and accurate quantification of ATCA, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of below 5.0% and below 6.0%, resp. We used the method to analyze ATCA in postmortem human blood samples, including samples from people who had intentionally ingested CN or were fire victims. Blood ATCA concentrations were higher among people who had ingested CN or were fire victims than among people in a control group (P < 0.0001). The data reported herein demonstrate that our LC/ESI-MS/MS method can be used to detect and quantify ATCA in postmortem blood samples and that CN exposure strongly affects ATCA concentration, providing a useful tool for detection of CN poisoning. Although many compounds look similar to this compound(2150-55-2)Computed Properties of C4H6N2O2S, numerous studies have shown that this compound(SMILES:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O), has unique advantages. If you want to know more about similar compounds, you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem