Pyrazines

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Zwitterion structure and acylative ring-opening reactions of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid》. Authors are Gawron, Oscar; Fernando, Joseph; Keil, John; Weismann, T. J..The article about the compound:2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acidcas:2150-55-2,SMILESS:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O).Related Products of 2150-55-2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) is conveyed.

pKA values (pK1 2.03, pK2 8.48), variation of optical rotation with pH and other phys. properties indicate that 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid is a zwitterion in solution and in the solid state anti that pK2 can be ascribed to ionization from the ring nitrogen. Acylation of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in aqueous medium is accompanied by ring opening. With Ac2O N’, S-diacetyl-N-carbamoylcysteine is obtained and with BzCl S-benzoyl-N-carbamylcysteine and 2-imino-3-benzoylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid are obtained. Structures of the acylated products were proven by chem. methods and by interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance data

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recommanded Product: 118994-89-1. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate, is researched, Molecular C6H7NO3, CAS is 118994-89-1, about Practical preparation of challenging amides from non-nucleophilic amines and esters under flow conditions. Author is Vrijdag, Johannes L.; Delgado, Francisca; Alonso, Nerea; De Borggraeve, Wim M.; Perez-Macias, Natalia; Alcazar, Jesus.

A fast and efficient protocol for the formation of amides from low nucleophilic amines and esters in flow is described. Products were obtained in good to excellent yields and with the advantage of simultaneous mixing of all reagents at once, avoiding steps for intermediate formation. The protocol is also suitable to be combined with ester synthesis, giving amides in-line from haloarenes.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Development of Flexible and Scalable Routes to Two Phosphatidinylinositol-3-kinase Delta Inhibitors via a Common Intermediate Approach, published in 2018-03-16, which mentions a compound: 118994-89-1, Name is Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate, Molecular C6H7NO3, COA of Formula: C6H7NO3.

This paper describes the discovery and development of a flexible route to two candidate drug mols. by a common intermediate approach. Key reactions include Negishi and Suzuki couplings to form biaryl bonds. Conditions for a Miyaura borylation of heteroaryl bromides were also developed. Heteroaryl trifluoroborates and aryl chlorides were used as coupling partners in the Suzuki reaction, thereby minimizing detrimental side reactions such as protodeboronation and oxidative homocoupling. A complementary set of reaction conditions using pinacolboronates with potassium bifluoride as an additive were also developed and used to make 5 kg of drug substance for use in early-phase clin. trials.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 1827-27-6, is researched, Molecular C5H5FN2, about Synthesis of 6-substituted pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones via directed lithiation of 2-substituted 5-aminopyridine derivatives, the main research direction is pyridopyrimidinone preparation; pyrimidinone pyrido preparation; aminopyridine lithiation carboxylation.Name: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine.

Directed lithiation of Boc or pivaloyl derivatives of 2-substituted 5-aminopyridines I (R = Cl, F, OMe, R1 = COnCMe3, X = H, n = 1, 2) with BuLi-TMEDA in di-Et ether at -10°C gave 4-lithio derivatives which were quenched with CO2 to give the analogous C-4 carboxylic acids I (X = CO2H). Hydrolysis of the protecting groups with either TFA or aqueous KOH gave 2-substituted 5-aminopyridine-4-carboxylic acids I (R1 = H, X = CO2H) which were converted to 6-substituted pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones II by reaction with formamide or, more optionally, formamidine acetate. Boc protected aminopyridines provided the best overall results, with synthesis of these derivatives best achieved by direct reaction of the aminopyridine with di-tert-Bu dicarbonate in the absence of added base.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called A Two-Stage Iterative Process for the Synthesis of Poly-oxazoles, published in 2005-07-21, which mentions a compound: 118994-89-1, mainly applied to oxazole oligomer preparation, COA of Formula: C6H7NO3.

Methodol. has been developed to prepare bis-oxazoles via a two-stage iterative process. The sequence begins with C(2)-chlorination of a lithiated oxazole using hexachloroethane. Generation of the C(2)-C(4′) bond by SNAr substitution with TosMIC anion, followed by conversion to the heterocycle in a one-pot reaction with glyoxylic acid monohydrate, affords the desired bis-oxazole in good yield and purity. The two-stage process allows for efficient synthesis of a tris-oxazole and the iterative preparation of a tetra-oxazole.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Quality Control of 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, is researched, Molecular C8H8N4, CAS is 91912-53-7, about Synthesis and SAR studies of 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine derivatives as potent inhibitors of Bloom helicase. Author is Rosenthal, Andrew S.; Dexheimer, Thomas S.; Gileadi, Opher; Nguyen, Giang H.; Chu, Wai Kit; Hickson, Ian D.; Jadhav, Ajit; Simeonov, Anton; Maloney, David J..

Human cells utilize a variety of complex DNA repair mechanisms to combat constant mutagenic and cytotoxic threats from both exogenous and endogenous sources. The RecQ family of DNA helicases, which includes Bloom helicase (BLM), plays an important function in DNA repair by unwinding complementary strands of duplex DNA and atypical DNA structures such as Holliday junctions. Mutations of the BLM gene can result in Bloom syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder associated with cancer predisposition. BLM-deficient cells exhibit increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents indicating that a selective BLM inhibitor could be useful in potentiating the anticancer activity of these agents. In this work, we describe the medicinal chem. optimization of the hit mol. following a quant. high-throughput screen of >355,000 compounds These efforts lead to the identification of ML216 and related analogs, which possess potent BLM inhibition and exhibit selectivity over related helicases. Moreover, these compounds demonstrated cellular activity by inducing sister chromatid exchanges, a hallmark of Bloom syndrome.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Validation Study, Talanta called LC-MS/MS method development and validation for quantitative analyses of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid – a new cyanide exposure marker in post mortem blood, Author is Giebultowicz, Joanna; Ruzycka, Monika; Fudalej, Marcin; Krajewski, Pawel; Wroczynski, Piotr, which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, SMILESS is O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, Safety of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is a hydrogen cyanide metabolite that has been found to be a reliable biomarker of cyanide poisoning, because of its long-term stability in biol. material. There are several methods of ATCA determination; however, they are restricted to extraction on mixed mode cation exchange sorbents. To date, there has been no reliable method of ATCA determination in whole blood, the most frequently used material in forensic anal. This novel method for ATCA determination in post mortem specimen includes protein precipitation, and derivatization of interfering compounds and their later extraction with Et acetate. ATCA was quant. analyzed via HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry with pos. electrospray ionization detection using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatog. column. The method satisfied all validation criteria and was tested on the real samples with satisfactory results. Therefore, this anal. approach has been proven to be a tool for measuring endogenous levels of ATCA in post mortem specimens. To conclude, a novel, accurate and sensitive method of ATCA determination in post mortem blood was developed. The establishment of the method provides new possibilities in the field of forensic science.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Electric Literature of C8H8N4. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, is researched, Molecular C8H8N4, CAS is 91912-53-7, about Synthesis and study of the anti-inflammatory properties of some pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives.

A series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones I (R = bromophenyl, methoxyphenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, cyclohexyl, Bu, iso-Pr, nitrophenyl, aminophenyl hydrochloride, and ethylpyridinium iodide) were synthesized to evaluate in vivo and in vitro effects induced by structural modifications at the 2 position of 4,7-dihydro-4-ethyl-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (FPP028). This substance, which has been previously studied, is a weak inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis and a nonacid analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent devoid of ulcerogenic properties. To gain more insight into the mechanism of action of this class of compounds, several in vivo tests were carried out, such as carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and pleurisy. In vitro tests include some studies of leukocyte functions, such as superoxide production and myeloperoxidase release. In vitro effects on arachidonic acid-, ADP, and platelet-activating factor-induced platelet aggregation were also studied. Different anti-inflammatory activities were observed, depending on the nature of substituents at the 2 position; these differences are probably linked to the capacity of these compounds to inhibit leukotrienes and/or prostaglandin biosynthesis with different selectivity. 4,7-Dihydro-4-ethyl-2(2-thienyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one proved to be the most interesting compound of the novel synthesized series, showing powerful pharmacol. activity in vivo as well as in vitro, together with very weak acute toxicity.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthetic Route of C5H5FN2. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine, is researched, Molecular C5H5FN2, CAS is 1827-27-6, about 2-Aminoadipic Acid-C(O)-Glutamate Based Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligands for Potential Use as Theranostics. Author is Nakajima, Ryo; Novakova, Zora; Tueckmantel, Werner; Motlova, Lucia; Barinka, Cyril; Kozikowski, Alan P..

The design and synthesis of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands derived from 2-aminoadipic acid, a building block that has not previously been used to construct PSMA ligands, are reported. The effects of both the linker length and of an N-substituent of our PSMA ligands were probed, and X-ray structures of five of these ligands bound to PSMA were obtained. Among the ligands disclosed herein, I showed the highest inhibitory activity for PSMA. As ligand I can readily be radiolabeled since its fluorine atom is adjacent to the nitrogen atom of its pyridine ring, the use of this and related compounds as theranostics can be pursued.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 4-Aminopyrimidine, is researched, Molecular C4H5N3, CAS is 591-54-8, about Synthesis of novel structural hybrids between aza-heterocycles and azelaic acid moiety with a specific activity on osteosarcoma cells, the main research direction is azelaic acid oxononanoate anticancer agent HDAC mol docking osteosarcoma; 9-hydroxystearic acid; azelaic acid; cancer; molecular docking; osteosarcoma; pyridine; pyrimidine.COA of Formula: C4H5N3.

Nine compounds bearing pyridinyl (or piperidinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl) groups bound to an azelayl moiety through an amide bond were synthesized. The structural analogy with some histone deacetylase inhibitors inspired their syntheses, seeking new selective histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). The azelayl moiety recalls part of 9-hydroxystearic acid, a cellular lipid showing antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells with HDAC as a mol. target. Azelayl derivatives bound to a benzothiazolyl moiety further proved to be active as HDACi. The novel compounds were tested on a panel of both normal and tumor cell lines. Non-specific induction of cytotoxicity was observed in the normal cell line, while three of them induced a biol. effect only on the osteosarcoma (U2OS) cell line. One of them induced a change in nuclear shape and size. Cell-cycle alterations are associated with post-transcriptional modification of both H2/H3 and H4 histones. In line with recent studies, revealing unexpected HDAC7 function in osteoclasts, mol. docking studies on the active mols. predicted their proneness to interact with HDAC7. By reducing side effects associated with the action of the first-generation inhibitors, the herein reported compounds, thus, sound promising as selective HDACi.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem