Category: Pyrazines

On March 26, 2009, Blomgren, Peter A.; Currie, Kevin S.; Lee, Seung H.; Mitchell, Scott A.; Xu, Jianjun; Schmitt, Aaron C.; Zhao, Zhongdong; Zhichkin, Pavel E.; Stafford, Douglas G.; Kroft, Jeffrey E. published a patent.COA of Formula: C5H4Br2N2O The title of the patent was Preparation of pyrazinone substituted amides as Btk inhibitors. And the patent contained the following:

The title compounds I [X = N, CR2; Y = N, CR31; Z = N, CR3; provided that only one of X, Y and Z = N at a time; W = N, CH; V = CH, N; provided that one of W and V must be N and W and V are not both N; R1 = (un)substituted 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thien-2-yl, Ph, cyclohepta[b]thien-2-yl, etc.; R2 = H, Me, F, Cl, etc.; R21 = H, F; R3 = H, Me, CF3, F, etc.; R31 = H, Me, F, Cl, etc.; R4 = II (wherein m, n = 0-1; R5 = H, (un)substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl; R6 = H, (un)substituted alkyl; or NR5R6 = (un)substituted 4-6 membered cyclic ring having 0-1 addnl. N, S or O atoms; R7 = H, (un)substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl; R8 = H, (un)substituted alkyl; or NR7R8 = (un)substituted 4-6 membered cyclic ring having 0-1 addnl. N, S or O atoms; R9 = H, Me); R10 = OH, H, (un)substituted alkyl; R11 = H, Me, CF3] that inhibit Btk, were prepared E.g., a multi-step synthesis of III.CF3CO2H, starting from 4-nitrophenylacetic acid, was given. Exemplified compounds I were tested in the Btk biochem. assay and showed an IC50 of ≤ 2 μM, and certain of exemplified compounds I showed an IC50 of ≤ 1 μM. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound I, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle chosen from carriers, adjuvants, and excipients, are described. Methods of treating patients suffering from certain diseases responsive to inhibition of Btk activity and/ or B-cell activity are described. Methods for determining the presence of Btk in a sample are described. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3,5-Dibromo-1-methylpyrazin-2(1H)-one(cas: 87486-34-8).COA of Formula: C5H4Br2N2O

The Article related to pyrazinone amide benzamide preparation btk bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, antitumor combination chemotherapy btk inhibitor pyrazinone amide benzamide preparation, Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom): Pyrazines and Quinoxalines (Including Piperazines) and other aspects.COA of Formula: C5H4Br2N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On September 21, 2006, Brittelli, David R.; Currie, Kevin S.; Darrow, James W.; Kropf, Jeffrey E.; Lee, Seung H.; Gallion, Steven L.; Mitchell, Scott A.; Pippin, Douglas A. I.; Blomgren, Peter A. published a patent.Electric Literature of 87486-34-8 The title of the patent was Preparation of substituted amides as Btk inhibitors. And the patent contained the following:

At least one chem. entity chosen from compounds I [R = (un)substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl; M = a bond, CH:CH; Q = CR10R11NR12, NR12CR10R11, NR13CO, CONR13, NR14CONR15 (wherein R10, R11 = H, alkyl, haloalkyl; R12-R15 = H, alkyl, haloalkyl, Ph, etc.); Z = (un)substituted phenylene, pyridylidene; W = (un)substituted heteroaryl other than imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine; D = hydrogen bond donor other than hydrogen; with the provision] and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, chelates, non-covalent complexes, prodrugs, and mixtures thereof is described herein. E.g., a multi-step synthesis of II, starting from 3,5-dibromo-1H-pyridin-2-one, was given. Exemplified compounds I were tested in the Btk biochem. assay and certain of those compounds exhibited an IC50 value less than or equal to 1 μM. Some of the compounds I were also tested for inhibition of B-cell proliferation and T-cell proliferation. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one chem. entity of the invention, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle chosen from carriers adjuvants, and excipients, are also described. Methods of treating patients suffering from certain diseases responsive to inhibition of Btk activity and/or B-cell activity are described. Methods for determining the presence of Btk in a sample are described. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3,5-Dibromo-1-methylpyrazin-2(1H)-one(cas: 87486-34-8).Electric Literature of 87486-34-8

The Article related to amide preparation bruton’s tyrosine kinase btk inhibitor, b cell proliferation inhibitor amide preparation, t cell proliferation inhibitor amide preparation, Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom): Pyrazines and Quinoxalines (Including Piperazines) and other aspects.Electric Literature of 87486-34-8

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On May 19, 2011, Epstein, David M.; Jin, Meizhong; Mulvihill, Mark J. published a patent.Category: pyrazines The title of the patent was Preparation of deuterated heteroaryl compounds as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. And the patent contained the following:

The title compounds with general formula I [wherein X = independently N or C-A; Y = independently N or C; Z = N, C-H, C-D, or N-A; W = independently N, N=O, or C-B; G = Ph or pyridyl, either optionally substituted by one or more D or halogen atoms; R = absent, D, optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, etc.; where A = independently H, D, halogen, CF3, etc.; B = Me, Et, H, D, etc.; with the proviso that at least one of Y and Z is N or N-A, at least one of W is N or N=O, and any hydrogen atom can be replaced by a D atom and the compound or salt is present as a material comprising at least one D atom in an abundance of at least about 10 %] or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof were prepared as inhibitors of IGF-1R and IR. For example, compound II was prepared in a multi-step synthesis. Compounds I may inhibit the activity of tyrosine kinase enzymes in animals, including humans, and are useful in the treatment and prevention of various diseases and conditions such as hyperproliferative disorders such as cancers. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-(8-Chloroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-3-yl)cyclobutanone(cas: 936901-72-3).Category: pyrazines

The Article related to preparation deuterated tyrosine kinase inhibitor quinoline imidazole triazine pyrazine, human treatment cancer hyperproliferative disorder antitumor, Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom): Pyrazines and Quinoxalines (Including Piperazines) and other aspects.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Eremeeva, Elena V.; Jiang, Tianyu; Malikova, Natalia P.; Li, Minyong; Vysotski, Eugene S. published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Bioluminescent properties of semi-synthetic obelin and aequorin activated by coelenterazine analogue with modifications of C-2, C-6, and C-8 substituents.Reference of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one And the article contains the following content:

Investigated the specific bioluminescence activity, light emission spectra, stopped-flow kinetics and sensitivity to calcium of the semi-synthetic aequorins and obelins activated by novel coelenterazine analogs and the recently reported coelenterazine derivatives Several semi-synthetic photoproteins activated by the studied coelenterazine analogs displayed sufficient bioluminescence activities accompanied by various changes in the spectral and kinetic properties as well as in calcium sensitivity. The poor activity of certain semi-synthetic photoproteins might be attributed to instability of some coelenterazine analogs in solution and low efficiency of 2-hydroperoxy adduct formation. In most cases, semi-synthetic obelins and aequorins displayed different properties upon being activated by the same coelenterazine analog. The results indicated that the OH-group at the C-6 Ph ring of coelenterazine was important for the photoprotein bioluminescence and that the hydrogen-bond network around the substituent in position 6 of the imidazopyrazinone core was the reason of different bioluminescence activities of aequorin and obelin with certain coelenterazine analogs. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Reference of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

The Article related to benzyl imidazopyrazinone preparation sar obelin aequorin bioluminescence, aequorin, analogues, coelenterazine, obelin, photoprotein, Heterocyclic Compounds (More Than One Hetero Atom): Pyrazines and Quinoxalines (Including Piperazines) and other aspects.Reference of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On June 2, 2021, Azad, Taha; Singaravelu, Ragunath; Taha, Zaid; Jamieson, Taylor R.; Boulton, Stephen; Crupi, Mathieu J. F.; Martin, Nikolas T.; Brown, Emily E. F.; Poutou, Joanna; Ghahremani, Mina; Pelin, Adrian; Nouri, Kazem; Rezaei, Reza; Marshall, Christopher Boyd; Enomoto, Masahiro; Arulanandam, Rozanne; Alluqmani, Nouf; Samson, Reuben; Gingras, Anne-Claude; Cameron, D. William; Greer, Peter A.; Ilkow, Carolina S.; Diallo, Jean-Simon; Bell, John C. published an article.Formula: C26H21N3O3 The title of the article was Nanoluciferase complementation-based bioreporter reveals the importance of N-linked glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 S for viral entry. And the article contained the following:

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the immediate need for the development of antiviral therapeutics targeting different stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. We developed a bioluminescence-based bioreporter to interrogate the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike (S) protein and its host entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The bioreporter assay is based on a nanoluciferase complementation reporter, composed of two subunits, large BiT and small BiT, fused to the S receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and ACE2 ectodomain, resp. Using this bioreporter, we uncovered critical host and viral determinants of the interaction, including a role for glycosylation of asparagine residues within the RBD in mediating successful viral entry. We also demonstrate the importance of N-linked glycosylation to the RBD’s antigenicity and immunogenicity. Our study demonstrates the versatility of our bioreporter in mapping key residues mediating viral entry as well as screening inhibitors of the ACE2-RBD interaction. Our findings point toward targeting RBD glycosylation for therapeutic and vaccine strategies against SARS-CoV-2. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Formula: C26H21N3O3

The Article related to ace2 spike glycoprotein interaction glycosylation sars cov2 covid19 human, sarscov2 s protein viral entry nanoluciferase bioreporter n glycosylation, 2019-ncov, covid-19, sars-cov-2, bioluminescence, bioreporter, coronavirus, high-throughput screening, viral entry and other aspects.Formula: C26H21N3O3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Vicente, Manuel; Salgado-Almario, Jussep; Soriano, Joaquim; Burgos, Miguel; Domingo, Beatriz; Llopis, Juan published an article in 2019, the title of the article was Visualization of mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in skeletal muscle of zebrafish embryos with bioluminescent indicators.Application In Synthesis of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one And the article contains the following content:

Mitochondria are believed to play an important role in shaping the intracellular Ca2+ transients during skeletal muscle contraction. There is discussion about whether mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ dynamics always mirror the cytoplasmic changes and whether this happens in vivo in whole organisms. In this study, we characterized cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals during spontaneous skeletal muscle contractions in zebrafish embryos expressing bioluminescent GFP-aequorin (GA, cytoplasm) and mitoGFP-aequorin (mitoGA, trapped in the mitochondrial matrix). The Ca2+ transients measured with GA and mitoGA reflected contractions of the trunk observed by transmitted light. The mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP and the inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), DS16570511, abolished mitochondrial Ca2+ transients whereas they increased the frequency of cytosolic Ca2+ transients and muscle contractions, confirming the subcellular localization of mitoGA. Mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics were also determined with mitoGA and were found to follow closely cytoplasmic changes, with a slower decay. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ kinetics and propagation along the trunk and tail were characterized with GA and with the genetically encoded fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, Twitch-4. Although fluorescence provided a better spatio-temporal resolution, GA was able to resolve the same kinetic parameters while allowing continuous measurements for hours. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Application In Synthesis of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

The Article related to danio calcium mitochondria skeletal muscle bioluminescent indicator gfp aequorin, gfp-aequorin, twitch-4, aequorin, bioluminescence, calcium, genetically encoded calcium indicator (geci), microscopy, mitochondria, skeletal muscle, zebrafish embryo and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On August 31, 2019, Al-Ani, Ali W.; Zhang, Lei; Ferreira, Lenny; Turyanska, Lyudmila; Bradshaw, Tracey D.; Thomas, Neil R. published an article.SDS of cas: 55779-48-1 The title of the article was Listeria innocua Dps as a nanoplatform for bioluminescence based photodynamic therapy utilizing Gaussia princeps luciferase and zinc protoporphyrin IX. And the article contained the following:

Listeria innocua DNA binding protein from starved cells (LiDps) belongs to the ferritin family and provides a promising self-assembling spherical 12-mer protein scaffold for the generation of functional nanomaterials. We report the creation of a Gaussia princeps luciferase (Gluc)-LiDps fusion protein, with chem. conjugation of Zinc (II)-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) to lysine residues on the fusion protein (giving Gluc-LiDps-ZnPP). The Gluc-LiDps-ZnPP conjugate is shown to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) between the Gluc (470-490 nm) and ZnPP. In vitro, Gluc-LiDps-ZnPP is efficiently taken up by tumorigenic cells (SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells). In the presence of coelenterazine, this construct inhibits the proliferation of SKBR3 due to elevated ROS levels. Following exposure to Gluc-LiDps-ZnPP, migration of surviving SKBR3 cells is significantly suppressed. These results demonstrate the potential of the Gluc-LiDps-ZnPP conjugate as a platform for future development of an anticancer photodynamic therapy agent. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).SDS of cas: 55779-48-1

The Article related to luciferase zinc protoporphyrin bioluminescence photodynamic therapy breast cancer, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, gaussia princeps luciferase, listeria innocua dna binding protein, photodynamic therapy, zinc (ii) protoporphyrin ix and other aspects.SDS of cas: 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On September 23, 2022, Kim, Hyemin; Yeow, Jonathan; Najer, Adrian; Kit-Anan, Worrapong; Wang, Richard; Rifaie-Graham, Omar; Thanapongpibul, Chalaisorn; Stevens, Molly M. published an article.HPLC of Formula: 55779-48-1 The title of the article was Microliter Scale Synthesis of Luciferase-Encapsulated Polymersomes as Artificial Organelles for Optogenetic Modulation of Cardiomyocyte Beating. And the article contained the following:

Constructing artificial systems that effectively replace or supplement natural biol. machinery within cells is one of the fundamental challenges underpinning bioengineering. At the sub-cellular scale, artificial organelles (AOs) have significant potential as long-acting biomedical implants, mimicking native organelles by conducting intracellularly compartmentalized enzymic actions. The potency of these AOs can be heightened when judiciously combined with genetic engineering, producing highly tailorable biohybrid cellular systems. Here, the authors present a cost-effective, microliter scale (10 μL) polymersome (PSome) synthesis based on polymerization-induced self-assembly for the in situ encapsulation of Gaussia luciferase (GLuc), as a model luminescent enzyme. These GLuc-loaded PSomes present ideal features of AOs including enhanced enzymic resistance to thermal, proteolytic, and intracellular stresses. To demonstrate their biomodulation potential, the intracellular luminescence of GLuc-loaded PSomes is coupled to optogenetically engineered cardiomyocytes, allowing modulation of cardiac beating frequency through treatment with coelenterazine (CTZ) as the substrate for GLuc. The long-term intracellular stability of the luminescent AOs allows this cardiostimulatory phenomenon to be reinitiated with fresh CTZ even after 7 days in culture. This synergistic combination of organelle-mimicking synthetic materials with genetic engineering is therefore envisioned as a highly universal strategy for the generation of new biohybrid cellular systems displaying unique triggerable properties. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).HPLC of Formula: 55779-48-1

The Article related to luciferase encapsulated polymersome artificial organelle optogenetic modulation cardiomyocyte, artificial organelles, bioluminescences, cardiomyocytes, nanoreactors, optogenetics, polymerization-induced self-assembly, polymersomes and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On May 31, 2021, Hasgur, Suheyla; Desbourdes, Laura; Relation, Theresa; Overholt, Kathleen M.; Stanek, Joseph R.; Guess, Adam J.; Yu, Minjun; Patel, Pratik; Roback, Linda; Dominici, Massimo; Otsuru, Satoru; Horwitz, Edwin M. published an article.SDS of cas: 55779-48-1 The title of the article was Splenic macrophage phagocytosis of intravenously infused mesenchymal stromal cells attenuates tumor localization. And the article contained the following:

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess remarkable tumor tropism, making them ideal vehicles to deliver tumor-targeted therapeutic agents; however, their value in clin. medicine has yet to be realized. A barrier to clin. utilization is that only a small fraction of infused MSCs ultimately localize to the tumor. In an effort to overcome this obstacle, we sought to enhance MSC trafficking by focusing on the factors that govern MSC arrival within the tumor microenvironment. Our findings show that MSC chemoattraction is only present in select tumors, including osteosarcoma, and that the chemotactic potency among similar tumors varies substantially. Using an osteosarcoma xenograft model, we show that human MSCs traffic to the tumor within several hours of infusion. After arrival, MSCs are observed to localize in clusters near blood vessels and MSC-associated bioluminescence signal intensity is increased, suggesting that the seeded cells expand after engraftment. However, our studies reveal that a significant portion of MSCs are eliminated en route by splenic macrophage phagocytosis, effectively limiting the number of cells available for tumor engraftment. To increase MSC survival, we transiently depleted macrophages with liposomal clodronate, which resulted in increased tumor localization without substantial reduction in tumor-associated macrophages. Our data suggest that transient macrophage depletion will significantly increase the number of MSCs in the spleen and thus improve MSC localization within a tumor, theor. increasing the ED of an anti-cancer agent. This strategy may subsequently improve the clin. efficacy of MSCs as vehicles for the tumor-directed delivery of therapeutic agents. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).SDS of cas: 55779-48-1

The Article related to mesenchymal stromal cell splenic macrophage phagocytosis tumor localization, cancer cell therapy, lentiviral transduction, mesenchymal stromal cells (mscs), phagocytosis, splenic macrophage, stem cell transplantation, tumor homing and other aspects.SDS of cas: 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On June 12, 2019, Yeh, Hsien-Wei; Ai, Hui-Wang published an article.SDS of cas: 55779-48-1 The title of the article was Development and Applications of Bioluminescent and Chemiluminescent Reporters and Biosensors. And the article contained the following:

A review. Although fluorescent reporters and biosensors have become indispensable tools in biol. and biomedical fields, fluorescence measurements require external excitation light, thereby limiting their use in thick tissues and live animals. Bioluminescent reporters and biosensors may potentially overcome this hurdle because they use enzyme-catalyzed exothermic biochem. reactions to generate excited-state emitters. This review first introduces the development of bioluminescent reporters, and next, their applications in sensing biol. changes in vitro and in vivo as biosensors. Lastly, we discuss chemiluminescent sensors that produce photons in the absence of luciferases. This review aims to explore fundamentals and exptl. insights and to emphasize the yet-to-be-reached potential of next-generation luminescent reporters and biosensors. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).SDS of cas: 55779-48-1

The Article related to review bioluminescent chemiluminescent reporter biosensor, bret, bioluminescence, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, chemiluminescence, fluorescence, genetically encoded biosensor, in vivo imaging, luciferase, luciferin and other aspects.SDS of cas: 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem