Category: Pyrazines

Selective reductive cross-coupling of N-heteroarenes by an unsymmetrical PNP-ligated manganese catalyst was written by Tan, Zhenda;Xiong, Biao;Yang, Jian;Ci, Chenggang;Jiang, Huanfeng;Zhang, Min. And the article was included in Journal of Catalysis in 2020.Electric Literature of C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

Herein, by developing an unprecedented manganese catalyst ligating with an unsym. 2-aminotetrahydronaphthyridyl PNP-ligands e.g., I, a new reductive cross-coupling of indoles II (R = H, 5-MeO, 7-Me, 2,5-di-Me, etc.)/1H-pyrrole, 2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole and N-heteroarenes III (R¹ = H, 2,3-di-Me, 4-chlorophenyl, thiophen-2-yl, etc.; X = CH, N) was achieved. Mechanistic investigations show that the catalyst-enabled in situ capture of the partially reduced intermediates by interruption of the second transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes constitutes the key to success for the present reaction. The developed chem. proceeds with good substrate and functional group compatibility, high step and atom efficiency, and excellent chemo and regioselectivity, and is applicable for late-stage modification of pyridine-containing biomedical mols., which has established a new platform allowing the linkage of aromatic systems into functional frameworks, and further development of unsym. PNP organometallic complexes and related catalytic transformations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Electric Literature of C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Electric Literature of C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Fluorescent properties of aromatic complexes with rare earths and other Group IIIB elements was written by Kallistratos, George;Kallistratos, U.;Muendner, H.. And the article was included in Chimika Chronika in 1982.Synthetic Route of C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

A number of aromatic complexes with rare earths and other elements of Group IIIa of the periodical system were synthesized. Many of these complexes exhibit a strong monochromatic fluorescence when excited with UV light. The formation of complexes is indicated through their physicochem. properties. Three mechanisms which could be responsible for the enhancement of the fluorescence were investigated. The complexes reported possess very important phys., chem. and biol. properties which could be applied in several fields of science. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Synthetic Route of C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Synthetic Route of C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis of compounds of pyridopyrazinedione/imidazole was written by Xia, Yong-gen;Lu, Ming. And the article was included in Jingxi Huagong Zhongjianti in 2014.Electric Literature of C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

Several pyridopyrazinedione, pyridinoimidazole and pyridodiimidazole compounds were synthesized from 2,3-diaminopyridine and 2,3,5,6-tetraaminopyridine hydrochloride, and the reaction conditions were investigated. NH₄Cl-CH₃OH system has significant catalytic effects on synthesis of 2,3-dimethypyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine and 2,3-diethypyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine. Replacement of glyoxal with 4,5-dihydroxy-imidazolidin-2-one increased the product yield by its reaction with 2,3-diaminopyridine. Phosphomolybdic acid was a preferred catalyst for the preparation of pyridinoimidazole and 2-Me pyridinoimidazole. Likewise, 2,3,5,6-tetraaminopyridine hydrochloride was reacted with tri-Et orthoformate and tri-Me orthoacetate under catalysis of phosphomolybdic acid gave 2,6-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-b:5,6-b’]diimidazole and 2,6-dimethy-pyrido [2,3-b:5,6-b’]diimidazole in yield of 68.7% and 66.5%, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Electric Literature of C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Electric Literature of C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Homolytic alkoxycarbonylation reactions in two-phase systems. Part II. Studies on the ethoxycarbonylation of some selected π-deficient N-heteroaromatic systems was written by Heinisch, Gottfried;Loetsch, Gerhard. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1986.Related Products of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

Qadical substitution of pyridine, 4-methylpyridine (I; R = H) and pyrazine (II; R = H) with EtO₂C• generated from AcCO₂Et and H₂O₂ in an aqueous system gave less than 30% conversion, little selectivity, and significant quantities of disubstitution products. However, in a two-phase system prepared by adding CH₂Cl₂, I and II (R = H) gave single monosubstitution products, I and II (R = CO₂Et) in 53 and 89% yields, resp. With pyridine and quinoline, the two phase system increases conversion to over 90% but disubstitution products continued to dominate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Related Products of 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Related Products of 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Molecular engineering of quinoxaline-based organic sensitizers for highly efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells was written by Lu, Xuefeng;Feng, Quanyou;Lan, Tian;Zhou, Gang;Wang, Zhong-Sheng. And the article was included in Chemistry of Materials in 2012.Product Details of 148231-12-3 This article mentions the following:

A series of quinoxaline based metal-free organic sensitizers has been designed and synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The absorption, electrochem., and photovoltaic properties for all sensitizers have been systematically investigated. It is found that the incorporation of quinoxaline unit instead of thienopyrazine unit results in a neg. shift of the LUMO levels for FNE44, FNE45, FNE46, and FNE47, in comparison to FNE32, which induces a remarkable enhancement of the electron injection driving force from the excited organic sensitizers to the TiO₂ semiconductor. Moreover, when the alkyl substituents are removed from the spacer part in FNE44 to the donor part in FNE45 and FNE46, a more conjugated system and a bathochromically shifted maximum absorption band can be realized, which consequently results in an increased light harvesting efficiency and photogenerated current. In addition, the length of the alkyl substituents on the donor part has a certain influence on the DSSC performance. Combining the three contributions, FNE46-based DSSC with liquid electrolyte displays the highest power conversion efficiency (η) of 8.27%. Most importantly, a η of 7.14% has been achieved for FNE46 based quasi-solid-state DSSC and remained at 100% of the initial value after continuous light soaking for 1000 h, which indicates that FNE46 is appropriate for promising com. application. Our findings will facilitate the understanding of the crucial importance of mol. engineering and pave a new path to design novel metal-free organic dyes for highly efficient and stable DSSCs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Product Details of 148231-12-3).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Product Details of 148231-12-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Ligustrazine derivatives. Part 6: design, synthesis and evaluation of novel ligustrazinyl acylguanidine derivatives as potential cardiovascular agents was written by Li, Zhenyu;Yu, Fang;Cui, Lei;Zhan, Peng;Wang, Shouxun;Shen, Yuemao;Liu, Xinyong. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry in 2012.Computed Properties of C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

A series of novel Ligustrazinyl acylguanidines I [R = H, Me, C₆H₄Me-4, C₆H₄OMe-4, CH₂C₆H₄F-4, CH₂C₆H₄Cl-3, CH₂C₆H₄OMe-4, CH₂C₆H₄F-2, CH₂C₆H₄Cl-2, CH₂Ph, CH₂C₆H₃Cl₂-2,4, CH₂C₆H₃Cl₂-3,4, 3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl] was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their protective effect on injured vascular endothelial cell (ECV-304). The preliminary results demonstrated that some compounds possessed more potent activities than that of Ligustrazine in stimulating replication of the injured endothelial cell. Among the active compounds, compounds I [R = Me, CH₂C₆H₄Cl-3, CH₂C₆H₃Cl₂-3,4] displayed remarkable antioxidative activity with low EC₅₀ values of 0.097, 0.059 and 0.094 mM, resp. Structure-activity relationships were briefly discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Computed Properties of C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Computed Properties of C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Bromination of quinoxaline and derivatives: Effective synthesis of some new brominated quinoxalines was written by Ucar, Sefa;Essiz, Selcuk;Dastan, Arif. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 148231-12-3 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of brominated quinoxaline derivatives starting from several kinds of quinoxaline by different bromination strategies was studied. First the synthesis of some brominated quinoxalines was accomplished along with the development of an alternative and effective synthesis of some known compounds A new, clean, and effective synthetic method for selective reduction of quinoxaline to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline was also developed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3HPLC of Formula: 148231-12-3).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.HPLC of Formula: 148231-12-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel chloro-oxime derivatives for neurodegenerative diseases was written by Zhang, Aijun;Fu, Pengfei;Zhang, Zaijun;Chen, Haiyun;Yu, Pei. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences in 2016.Synthetic Route of C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

Neurodegenerative disease is a fatal disease of the human nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and related polyglutamine expansion diseases. The US FDA had approved several drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases, however, almost none of them could delay progress of these diseases and offer cure. A key mol. pathway implicated in neurodegenerative diseases is the misfolding aggregation and accumulation of proteins in neurons. Chloro-oxime derivatives, such as bimoclomol and arimoclomol, promote the expression of heat shock proteins and improve the abilities of normal protein folding and degrade misfolded proteins. Based on the structure of bimoclomol and arimoclomol, we substituted the pyridine and piperazine by TMP and other amino groups, and synthesized a series of novel chloro-oxime derivatives Among these chloro-oxime derivatives, compounds 9b and 13b were demonstrated to be neuroprotective against MG-132-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Synthetic Route of C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Synthetic Route of C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

[2.2](2,6)- and [2.2](2,5)Pyrazinophanes: synthesis and molecular structure was written by Eiermann, Uwe;Krieger, Claus;Neugebauer, Franz A.;Staab, Heinz A.. And the article was included in Chemische Berichte in 1990.Formula: C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

The title compounds I, ,II and III and their Me derivatives were synthesized either by photolytic sulfur extrusion from the corresponding 2,11-dithia[3.3]pyrazinophanes or by Hofmann 1,6-elimination of the appropriate [(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]trimethylammonium hydroxides followed by dimerization of the generated 2,5-dihydro-2,5-bis(methylene)pyrazines. α-Chlorination of the methylpyrazines with N-chlorosuccinimide gave the required precursors. The results of the x-ray structure determinations for the title compounds which indicate an unequivocal isomer assignment are discussed with regard to steric strain in these mols. The electronic spectra of the title compounds are reported and compared with those of the parent methylpyrazines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Formula: C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Formula: C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Reduction of azanaphthalenes by sodium borohydride in trifluoroacetic acid was written by Bugle, Robert C.;Osteryoung, Robert A.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1979.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

Azanaphthalenes were reduced in high yield to the corresponding amines by tris(trifluoroacetoxy)borohydride. The pyrazine ring can be preferentially reduced within a mixed heteroaromatic nucleus, resulting in the regiospecific and clean reduction of many azanaphthalenes. A convenient one-step preparation of both tetrahydropteridines I and II is discussed, in addition to the preparation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Category: pyrazines).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem