Category: Pyrazines

Pyridopyrazines was written by Zhang, J.. And the article was included in Science of Synthesis, Knowledge Updates in 2010.Synthetic Route of C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

This manuscript is an update of the original Science of Synthesis chapter and includes methods for the preparation of pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine derivatives and pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine derivatives described in the literature up to 2010. Methods proceeding by a condensation of pyridinediamine derivatives with carbonyl compounds and the application of (halo)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are covered. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Synthetic Route of C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Synthetic Route of C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Detection and Imaging of Aβ1-42 and Tau Fibrils by Redesigned Fluorescent X-34 Analogues was written by Zhang, Jun;Sandberg, Alexander;Konsmo, Audun;Wu, Xiongyu;Nystroem, Sofie;Nilsson, K. Peter R.;Konradsson, Peter;Le Vine, Harry III;Lindgren, Mikael;Hammarstroem, Per. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2018.SDS of cas: 148231-12-3 This article mentions the following:

The authors revisited the Congo red analog 2,5-bis(4′-hydroxy-3′-carboxy-styryl)benzene (X-34) to develop this highly fluorescent amyloid dye for imaging Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathol. comprising Aβ and Tau fibrils. A selection of ligands with distinct optical properties were synthesized by replacing the central benzene unit of X-34, with other heterocyclic moieties. Full photophys. characterization was performed, including recording absorbance and fluorescence spectra, Stokes shift, quantum yield and fluorescence lifetimes. All ligands displayed high affinity towards recombinant amyloid fibrils of Aβ1-42 (13-300 nM K_d) and Tau (16-200 nM K_d) as well as selectivity towards the corresponding disease-associated protein aggregates in AD tissue. These ligands efficiently displaced X-34, but not Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) from recombinant Aβ1-42 amyloid fibrils, arguing for retained targeting of the Congo red type binding site. The authors foresee that the X-34 scaffold offers the possibility to develop novel high-affinity ligands for Aβ pathol. found in human AD brain in a different mode compared with PiB, potentially recognizing different polymorphs of Aβ fibrils. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3SDS of cas: 148231-12-3).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazines”) found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “green” flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.SDS of cas: 148231-12-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Derisking the Cu-Mediated ¹⁸F-Fluorination of Heterocyclic Positron Emission Tomography Radioligands was written by Taylor, Nicholas J.;Emer, Enrico;Preshlock, Sean;Schedler, Michael;Tredwell, Matthew;Verhoog, Stefan;Mercier, Joel;Genicot, Christophe;Gouverneur, Veronique. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 1150566-27-0 This article mentions the following:

The compatibility of various heterocycles, particularly nitrogen heterocycles, towards the copper-mediated ¹⁸F-fluorination of aryl pinacolboronates with ¹⁸F-fluoride was determined using fluorination reactions of a model substrate in the presence of exogenous heterocycles and the fluorination reactions of substrates possessing heterocycles with fluorination on an attached aromatic ring or directly attached to the heterocycle of interest. Using this information, syntheses of seven ¹⁸F-labeled structurally complex pharmaceutically relevant heterocycle-containing mols. were designed and executed. The method may be useful in designing syntheses of other radiolabeled compounds and delineating the scope of utility of other radiolabeling methods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 6-chloroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxylate (cas: 1150566-27-0HPLC of Formula: 1150566-27-0).

Ethyl 6-chloroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxylate (cas: 1150566-27-0) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazines”) found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “green” flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.HPLC of Formula: 1150566-27-0

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Development of subnanomolar radiofluorinated (2-pyrrolidin-1-yl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine pan-Trk inhibitors as candidate PET imaging probes was written by Bernard-Gauthier, Vadim;Bailey, Justin J.;Aliaga, Arturo;Kostikov, Alexey;Rosa-Neto, Pedro;Wuest, Melinda;Brodeur, Garrett M.;Bedell, Barry J.;Wuest, Frank;Schirrmacher, Ralf. And the article was included in MedChemComm in 2015.Recommanded Product: 1150566-27-0 This article mentions the following:

Dysregulation of tropomyosin receptor kinases (TrkA/B/C) expression and signalling is recognized as a hallmark of numerous neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s disease. TrkA/B/C is known to drive tumorogensis and metastatic potential in a wide range of neurogenic and non-neurogenic human cancers. The development of suitable positron emission tomog. (PET) radioligands would allow an in vivo exploration of this versatile potential therapeutic target. Herein, the rational remodeling of the amide moiety of a 6-(2-(3-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-amide lead structure to accommodate efficient fluorine-18 labeling led to the identification of a series of fluorinated Trk inhibitors with picomolar IC₅₀. The ensuing representative radiolabeled inhibitors [¹⁸F]16 ([¹⁸F]-(±)-IPMICF6) and [¹⁸F]27 ([¹⁸F]-(±)-IPMICF10) constitute novel lead radioligands with about 2- to 3- orders of magnitude increased TrkB/C potencies compared to previous lead tracers and display favorable selectivity profiles and physicochem. parameters for translation into in vivo PET imaging agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 6-chloroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxylate (cas: 1150566-27-0Recommanded Product: 1150566-27-0).

Ethyl 6-chloroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxylate (cas: 1150566-27-0) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Recommanded Product: 1150566-27-0

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Structure-activity study of diuretic azanaphthalene derivatives was written by Mizuta, Eiji;Nishikawa, Kohei;Omura, Kiyoshi;Oka, Yoshikazu. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1976.HPLC of Formula: 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

Regression anal. by the Free-Wilson technique was applied to estimate the contribution of substituents on azanaphthalene skeletons to diuretic activity of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazine and pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine derivatives In the former group, one of the most preferable compounds was DS-210 [2-phenyl-5,8-dimorpholinopyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazine](I) [33222-18-3] and that in the latter group proved to be DS-511 (1,4-dimorpholine-7-phenylpyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine)(II) [39632-88-7]. Subsequently, electron d. distributions on a variety of azanaphthalene skeletons were calculated by extended Huckel Theory calculation Linear multiple regression anal. to find a correlation between diuretic activity and electron d. at some positions of azanaphthalene skeletons suggested that the diuretic activity might be influenced largely by electronic structures at the ring junction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3HPLC of Formula: 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.HPLC of Formula: 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Pyrazinium Salts as Efficient Organocatalysts of Mild Oxidations with Hydrogen Peroxide was written by Menova, Petra;Kafka, Frantisek;Dvorakova, Hana;Gunnoo, Smita;Sanda, Miloslav;Cibulka, Radek. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2011.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

A series of 3-substituted pyrazinium tetrafluoroborates was prepared as simple analogs of flavinium salts which are efficient organocatalysts for oxidations with hydrogen peroxide. It was shown that pyrazinium derivatives with an electron-withdrawing substituent catalyze mild oxidations of sulfides to sulfoxides and Baeyer-Villiger oxidations in a similar way to flavinium catalysts. The most reactive catalyst, 3-cyanopyrazinium tetrafluoroborate, was efficiently employed in preparative sulfoxidations of aromatic and aliphatic sulfides as well as in Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of cyclobutanones. A proposed mechanism for the catalysis is based on the formation of pyrazine hydroperoxide which is the agent oxidizing the substrate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Category: pyrazines).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Anionic CO₂ activation in the anionic and di-anionic state of aza-naphthalene was written by Park, Chang Jun;Heo, One;Lee, Hyeon Seok;Lee, Kyung Suh;Lee, Sang Hak. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2021.Formula: C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is the single basic moiety in N-doped graphene, the only metal-free catalyst reported to date to successfully produce the oxygen reduction reaction. N-doped graphene is quite promising as a material to increase the efficiency of oxygen reduction In addition, it is known that when carbon dioxide is added to aza-benzene, there will be an associative chem. reaction upon electron attachment between the anionic nitrogen atoms in the aza-benzene and the carbon atom in the carbon dioxide; however, it has previously been reported that when there are more nitrogen atoms in the small aza-benzene moiety, the associative reaction does not always occur. In this study, we carried out a theor. simulation to determine whether more electrons increase the CO₂ reductive reactivity of the aza-naphthalene as a model system of a nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. We found that even though an associative chem. reaction between nitrogen atoms in the N-PAH and carbon atoms in carbon dioxide did not occur in anionic complexes of aza-naphthalene and carbon dioxide, chem. reactions did occur in all the nitrogen atoms of these complexes when we added an extra excess electron. Therefore, we conclude that the efficiency of CO₂ reduction will be increased in nitrogen atoms when more electrons are added to increase their anionic properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Formula: C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Formula: C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Functionally Separated D-π-A Dyes with 2-Cyanopyridine as an Electron-Accepting and Anchoring Group was written by Mao, Jiangyi;Wang, Dan;Liu, Shih-Hung;Hang, Yandi;Xu, Yaoyao;Zhang, Qiong;Wu, Wenjun;Chou, Pi-Tai;Hua, Jianli. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2014.Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

Three functionally separated donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) sensitizers CP-I-III with a cyano group as the electron-accepting group and a pyridine as the anchoring group have been developed for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Significantly, the J_sc of CP-II, which contains a benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole moiety, is much higher than those of CP-I and CP-III, which contain quinoxaline and [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine groups, resp. This is not only a result of the good photon absorption, but also effective intramol. charge transfer. The conversion efficiency (η) for CP-II-based DSSCs is 4.02 %, which is far better than that of CP-I and CP-III. Also, the η value for CP-II is much higher than that for the reference dye P-II with pyridine as anchoring group. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of novel 5-benzylidene-3,4-dihalo-furan-2-one derivatives was written by Wang, Fang;Sun, Jun-Rong;Huang, Mei-Yan;Wang, Hui-Ying;Sun, Ping-Hua;Lin, Jing;Chen, Wei-Min. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Name: (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Rosiglitazone has shown promising anti-inflammation effect. To develop preferable anti-inflammatory agents, twenty-two rosiglitazone analogs were synthesized and their anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated. Among these compounds, I and II displayed excellent inhibitory activities on the production of inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, I and II showed suppression effects on the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and this suppression effects could be partially reversed by GW9662, which is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist. Addnl., our docking results exhibited the well combination of I and II to PPARγ. So the anti-inflammation activity of I and II was due at least in part, to their interaction with PPARγ. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Name: (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Name: (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Hydrophobicity parameter of diazines. 1. Analysis and prediction of partition coefficients of monosubstituted diazines was written by Yamagami, Chisako;Takao, Narao;Fujita, Toshio. And the article was included in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in 1990.Related Products of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

The octanol/water partition coefficient (P) of a number of monosubstituted diazines was measured. The composition of the π value of substituents, the increment in the log P value accompanying the introduction of substituents, was examined in terms of physicochem. substituent parameters and correlation anal. The diazine-π value of substituents was generally higher than the pyridine-π value of corresponding substituents, indicating that the intramol. electronic interactions between the ring-N atoms and substituent are more pronounced than those in substituted pyridines in governing the log P value of the mol. Except for 2-substituted pyrimidines, the π value of substituents in each series of monosubstituted diazines was in general nicely correlated with the π value of the corresponding substituents in substituted pyridines along with electronic parameter terms representing bidirectional electronic effects on the relative solvation of the ring-N atom(s) and the hydrogen-bondable substituents with partitioning solvents according to the procedure proposed previously for the anal. of the π value in disubstituted benzenes and monosubstituted pyridines. Keeping in mind that 2-pyrimidines substituted by hydrogen-bondable groups sometimes behave as outliers, the correlations were believed to be usable for prediction of log P values of monosubstituted diazines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Related Products of 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Related Products of 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem