Category: Pyrazines

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry called Design, synthesis of novel celastrol derivatives and study on their antitumor growth through HIF-1α pathway, Author is Shang, Fan-Fan; Wang, Jing Ying; Xu, Qian; Deng, Hao; Guo, Hong-Yan; Jin, Xuejun; Li, Xiaoting; Shen, Qing-Kun; Quan, Zhe-Shan, which mentions a compound: 1827-27-6, SMILESS is NC1=CN=C(C=C1)F, Molecular C5H5FN2, Recommanded Product: 1827-27-6.

Four series of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) functioning derivatives stemming from modifications to the C-29 carboxyl group of celastrol were designed and synthesized, and their anticancer activities were evaluated. To address the structure and activity relationship of each derivative, extensive structural changes were made. HRE luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that 12 modified compounds showed superior HIF-1α inhibitory activity. Among them, quinolin-7-yloxy derivative I exhibited the best features: first, it had the strongest HIF-1α inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.05μM, 5-fold higher than that of celastrol), and second, it possessed lower cytotoxicity (22-fold lower, I 16.85μM vs. celastrol 0.76μM). Thus, the safety factor of C6 was about 112 times higher than that of celastrol. Western blot assay indicated that I may inhibit the expression of HIF-1α protein in cells. Addnl., I hindered tumor cell cloning, migration and induced cell apoptosis. It is worth mentioning that in the mouse tumor xenograft model, I (10 mg/kg) displayed good antitumor activity in vivo, showing a better inhibition rate (74.03%) than the reference compound 5-fluorouracil (inhibition rate, 59.58%). However, the celastrol treatment group experienced collective death after four doses of the drug. Moreover, I minimally affected the mouse weight, indicating that its application in vivo has little toxic effect. H&E staining experiments show that it could also exacerbate the degree of tumor cell damage. The results of water solubility experiment show that the solubility of I is increased by 1.36 times than that of celastrol. In conclusion, I is a promising antitumor agent through the HIF-1α pathway.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(1827-27-6)Recommanded Product: 1827-27-6, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(1827-27-6), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry called Palladium-catalyzed direct C2-arylation of azoles with aromatic triazenes, Author is Liu, Can; Wang, Zhiming; Wang, Lei; Li, Pinhua; Zhang, Yicheng, which mentions a compound: 118994-89-1, SMILESS is O=C(C1=CN=CO1)OCC, Molecular C6H7NO3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate.

A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed arylation of azoles at the C2-position using 1-aryltriazenes as aryl reagents was developed for the synthesis of aryl azoles, e.g., I. Azoles including oxazoles, thiazoles, imidazoles, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and oxazolines reacted with 1-aryltriazenes smoothly to generate the corresponding products in good to excellent yields and various substitution patterns were tolerated toward the reaction.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(118994-89-1)Recommanded Product: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(118994-89-1), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Application of 591-54-8. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 4-Aminopyrimidine, is researched, Molecular C4H5N3, CAS is 591-54-8, about Synthesis of novel structural hybrids between aza-heterocycles and azelaic acid moiety with a specific activity on osteosarcoma cells. Author is Micheletti, Gabriele; Calonghi, Natalia; Farruggia, Giovanna; Strocchi, Elena; Palmacci, Vincenzo; Telese, Dario; Bordoni, Silvia; Frisco, Giulia; Boga, Carla.

Nine compounds bearing pyridinyl (or piperidinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl) groups bound to an azelayl moiety through an amide bond were synthesized. The structural analogy with some histone deacetylase inhibitors inspired their syntheses, seeking new selective histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). The azelayl moiety recalls part of 9-hydroxystearic acid, a cellular lipid showing antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells with HDAC as a mol. target. Azelayl derivatives bound to a benzothiazolyl moiety further proved to be active as HDACi. The novel compounds were tested on a panel of both normal and tumor cell lines. Non-specific induction of cytotoxicity was observed in the normal cell line, while three of them induced a biol. effect only on the osteosarcoma (U2OS) cell line. One of them induced a change in nuclear shape and size. Cell-cycle alterations are associated with post-transcriptional modification of both H2/H3 and H4 histones. In line with recent studies, revealing unexpected HDAC7 function in osteoclasts, mol. docking studies on the active mols. predicted their proneness to interact with HDAC7. By reducing side effects associated with the action of the first-generation inhibitors, the herein reported compounds, thus, sound promising as selective HDACi.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(591-54-8)Application of 591-54-8, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(591-54-8), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 91912-53-7, is researched, SMILESS is NC1=CC(C2=CC=NC=C2)=NN1, Molecular C8H8N4Journal, Article, ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters called Aminopyrazole-Phenylalanine Based GPR142 Agonists: Discovery of Tool Compound and in Vivo Efficacy Studies, Author is Yu, Ming; Lizarzaburu, Mike; Motani, Alykhan; Fu, Zice; Du, Xiaohui; Liu, Jiwen; Jiao, Xianyun; Lai, SuJen; Fan, Peter; Fu, Angela; Liu, Qingxiang; Murakoshi, Michiko; Nara, Futoshi; Oda, Kozo; Okuyama, Ryo; Reagan, Jeff D.; Watanabe, Nobuaki; Yamazaki, Mami; Xiong, Yumei; Zhang, Ying; Zhuang, Run; Lin, Daniel C.-H.; Houze, Jonathan B.; Medina, Julio C.; Li, Leping, the main research direction is amrinone phenylalanine carboxylic acid preparation GPR142 agonist structure design; pharmacokinetics bioavailability diabetes amrinone phenylalanine carboxylic acid antidiabetic prodrug; glucose tolerance insulin secretagogue human islet transplant CYP450 hERG; GPR142 agonist; aminopyrazole−phenylalanine; human islet transplant; insulin secretagogue; oral glucose tolerance test; prodrug; type 2 diabetes.Application of 91912-53-7.

Herein, we report the lead optimization of amrinone-phenylalanine based GPR142 agonists. Structure-activity relationship studies led to the discovery of aminopyrazole-phenylalanine carboxylic acid I, which exhibited good agonistic activity, high target selectivity, desirable pharmacokinetic properties, and no cytochrome P 450 or hERG liability. Compound I, together with its orally bioavailable Et ester prodrug II, were found to be suitable for in vivo proof-of-concept studies. Compound II displayed good efficacy in a mouse oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). CompoundI showed GPR142 dependent stimulation of insulin secretion in isolated mouse islets and demonstrated a statistically significant glucose lowering effect in a mouse model bearing transplanted human islets.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(91912-53-7)Application of 91912-53-7, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(91912-53-7), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 2150-55-2, is researched, SMILESS is O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O, Molecular C4H6N2O2SJournal, Article, Pharmazie called Studies on the relation between 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and the thiocyanate metabolism in the guinea pig, Author is Weuffen, W.; Jess, G.; Juelich, W. D.; Bernhardt, D., the main research direction is iminothiazolidine carboxylate metabolism; thiocyanate iminothiazolidine carboxylate metabolite.HPLC of Formula: 2150-55-2.

In vitro and in vivo experiments have been carried out to elucidate the metabolism of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (I) [2150-55-2]. By using I-35S, the formation. of 35SCN as well as of 35S-containing I metabolites could be excluded. As compared to the findings from control animals, the serum SCN levels determined in guinea pigs after oral administration of I were unchanged.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)HPLC of Formula: 2150-55-2, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Application of 591-54-8. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 4-Aminopyrimidine, is researched, Molecular C4H5N3, CAS is 591-54-8, about Bidentate geometry-constrained iminopyridyl nickel-catalyzed synthesis of amines or imines via borrowing hydrogen or dehydrogenative condensation. Author is Jiang, Yong; Hu, Miao; Sun, Nan; Hu, Baoxiang; Shen, Zhenlu; Hu, Xinquan; Jin, Liqun.

The efficient Ni-catalyzed N-alkylation of various anilines with alcs. via borrowing hydrogen was reported using a bidentate geometry-constrained iminopyridyl nickel complex as the catalyst. Substituted benzylic alcs. and short/long chain aliphatic alcs. could be applied as the alkylation sources to couple with aromatic and heteroaromatic amines to give a diverse set of N-alkylation outcomes in moderate to excellent yields. The nickel catalytic system was also suitable for aliphatic amines, selectively delivering the corresponding imines via an acceptorless dehydrogenative condensation strategy.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(591-54-8)Application of 591-54-8, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(591-54-8), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Formula: C4H5N3. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 4-Aminopyrimidine, is researched, Molecular C4H5N3, CAS is 591-54-8, about Recent progress in small-molecule inhibitors for critical therapeutic targets of necroptosis. Author is Fang, Zhennan; Wei, Huiqiang; Gou, Wenfeng; Chen, Leyuan; Bi, Changfen; Hou, Wenbin; Li, Yiliang.

A review. Nonapoptotic types of regulated cell death have attracted widespread interest since the discovery that certain forms of cell necrosis can be regulated. In particular, research into cell necroptosis has made significant progress in connection with kidney, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Inhibitors targeting the critical necroptosis-associated proteins RIPK1/3 and MLKL have been in development for more than a decade. Herein the authors compile a list of the known small-mol. inhibitors of these enzymes and representative structures of compounds co-crystallized with these proteins and put forward some thoughts regarding their future development.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(591-54-8)Formula: C4H5N3, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(591-54-8), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry called Discovery of Potent, Selective, and State-Dependent NaV1.7 Inhibitors with Robust Oral Efficacy in Pain Models: Structure-Activity Relationship and Optimization of Chroman and Indane Aryl Sulfonamides, Author is Ramdas, Vidya; Talwar, Rashmi; Kanoje, Vijay; Loriya, Rajesh M.; Banerjee, Moloy; Patil, Pradeep; Joshi, Advait Arun; Datrange, Laxmikant; Das, Amit Kumar; Walke, Deepak Sahebrao; Kalhapure, Vaibhav; Khan, Talha; Gote, Ganesh; Dhayagude, Usha; Deshpande, Shreyas; Shaikh, Javed; Chaure, Ganesh; Pal, Ravindra R.; Parkale, Santosh; Suravase, Sachin; Bhoskar, Smita; Gupta, Rajesh V.; Kalia, Anil; Yeshodharan, Rajesh; Azhar, Mahammad; Daler, Jagadeesh; Mali, Vinod; Sharma, Geetika; Kishore, Amitesh; Vyawahare, Rupali; Agarwal, Gautam; Pareek, Himani; Budhe, Sagar; Nayak, Arun; Warude, Dnyaneshwar; Gupta, Praveen Kumar; Joshi, Parag; Joshi, Sneha; Darekar, Sagar; Pandey, Dilip; Wagh, Akshaya; Nigade, Prashant B.; Mehta, Maneesh; Patil, Vinod; Modi, Dipak; Pawar, Shashikant; Verma, Mahip; Singh, Minakshi; Das, Sudipto; Gundu, Jayasagar; Nemmani, Kumar; Bock, Mark G.; Sharma, Sharad; Bakhle, Dhananjay; Kamboj, Rajender Kumar; Palle, Venkata P., which mentions a compound: 591-54-8, SMILESS is C1=CN=CN=C1N, Molecular C4H5N3, Recommanded Product: 591-54-8.

Voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is a genetically validated target for pain. Identification of NaV1.7 inhibitors with all of the desired properties to develop as an oral therapeutic for pain has been a major challenge. Herein, we report systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies carried out to identify novel sulfonamide derivatives as potent, selective, and state-dependent NaV1.7 inhibitors for pain. Scaffold hopping from benzoxazine to chroman and indane bicyclic system followed by thiazole replacement on sulfonamide led to identification of lead mols. with significant improvement in solubility, selectivity over NaV1.5, and CYP2C9 inhibition. The lead mols. 13, 29, 32, 43, and 51 showed a favorable pharmacokinetics (PK) profile across different species and robust efficacy in veratridine and formalin-induced inflammatory pain models in mice. Compound 51 also showed significant effects on the CCI-induced neuropathic pain model. The profile of 51 indicated that it has the potential for further evaluation as a therapeutic for pain.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(591-54-8)Recommanded Product: 591-54-8, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(591-54-8), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid(SMILESS: O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O,cas:2150-55-2) is researched.Recommanded Product: 591-54-8. The article 《Enzymatic characteristics in the bioconversion of D,L-ATC to L-cysteine》 in relation to this compound, is published in Sanop Misaengmul Hakhoechi. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

The bioconversion of DL-2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (I) to L-cysteine (II) was investigated. After the intracellular enzyme of a Pseudomonas species was inducibly formed by addition of I in the middle of culture, the cells were isolated and treated with sonication to prepare the crude enzyme solution I was the only isomeric form of the amino acid produced from I and its production could be enhanced several 10-fold by addition of Mn2+ which was required as a cofactor in the enzymic reaction. In addition, this reaction suffered from feedback inhibition of II. On the other hand, since a II-decomposing enzyme coexisted in the crude enzyme solution, most of the II formed disappeared in the absence of its inhibitor. However, hydroxylamine was a potent inhibitor which could successfully prevent the decomposition of II.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)COA of Formula: C4H6N2O2S, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Formula: C4H6N2O2S. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Toxicokinetic profiles of α-ketoglutarate cyanohydrin, a cyanide detoxification product, following exposure to potassium cyanide. Author is Mitchell, Brendan L.; Bhandari, Raj K.; Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Rockwood, Gary A.; Boss, Gerry R.; Logue, Brian A..

Poisoning by cyanide can be verified by anal. of the cyanide detoxification product, α-ketoglutarate cyanohydrin (α-KgCN), which is produced from the reaction of cyanide and endogenous α-ketoglutarate. Although α-KgCN can potentially be used to verify cyanide exposure, limited toxicokinetic data in cyanide-poisoned animals are available. The authors, therefore, studied the toxicokinetics of α-KgCN and compared its behavior to other cyanide metabolites, thiocyanate and 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), in the plasma of 31 Yorkshire pigs that received KCN (4 mg/mL) i.v. (IV) (0.17 mg/kg/min). α-KgCN concentrations rose rapidly during KCN administration until the onset of apnea, and then decreased over time in all groups with a half-life of 15 min. The maximum concentrations of α-KgCN and cyanide were 2.35 and 30.18 μM, resp., suggesting that only a small fraction of the administered cyanide is converted to α-KgCN. Although this is the case, the α-KgCN concentration increased >100-fold over endogenous concentrations compared to only a three-fold increase for cyanide and ATCA. The plasma profile of α-KgCN was similar to that of cyanide, ATCA, and thiocyanate. The results of this study suggest that the use of α-KgCN as a biomarker for cyanide exposure is best suited immediately following exposure for instances of acute, high-dose cyanide poisoning.

If you want to learn more about this compound(2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid)Formula: C4H6N2O2S, you may wish to communicate with the author of the article,or consult the relevant literature related to this compound(2150-55-2).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem