Category: Pyrazines

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Ahmed Al-Hadhrami, Nahlah; Ladwig, Angelique; Rahman, Adeyemi; Rozas, Isabel; Paul G. Malthouse, J.; Evans, Paul researched the compound: 4-Aminopyrimidine( cas:591-54-8 ).Recommanded Product: 4-Aminopyrimidine.They published the article 《Synthesis of 2-guanidinyl pyridines and their trypsin inhibition and docking》 about this compound( cas:591-54-8 ) in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. Keywords: guanidinylpyridine synthesis trypsin inhibition docking; safety allergic reaction aminomethoxymethylnicotinamide; Enzymology; Halogen bonding; Hydrogen bonding; Inhibitor; Molecular docking; Pyridin-2-yl guanidine; Serine protease. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:591-54-8).

A range of guanidine-based pyridines, and related compounds, have been prepared (19 examples). These compounds were evaluated in relation to their competitive inhibition of bovine pancreatic trypsin. Results demonstrate that compounds in which the guanidinyl substituent can form an intramol. hydrogen bond (IMHB) with the pyridinyl nitrogen atom are better trypsin inhibitors than their counterparts that are unable to form an IMHB. Among the compounds 6a-p, examples containing a 5-halo substituent were, generally, found to be better trypsin inhibitors. This trend was inversely related to electronegativity, thus, 1-(5-iodopyridin-2-yl)guanidinium ion 6e (I.TFA) (Ki = 0.0151 mM) was the optimum inhibitor in the 5-halo series. Amongst the isomeric Me substituted compounds, 1-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)guanidinium ion 6h (II.TFA) demonstrated optimum levels of trypsin inhibition (Ki = 0.0140 mM). In order to rationalize the measured enzyme inhibition, selected compounds were docked with bovine and human trypsin with a view to understanding active site occupancy and taken together with the Ki values the order of inhibitory ability suggests that the 5-halo 2-guanidinyl pyridine inhibitors form a halogen bond with the catalytically active serine hydroxy group. Safety: severe allergic reactions have been reported with 6-amino-N-methoxy-N-methylnicotinamide.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Determination of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid》. Authors are Bradham, L. S.; Catsimpoolas, Nicholas; Wood, John L..The article about the compound:2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acidcas:2150-55-2,SMILESS:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O).Quality Control of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) is conveyed.

Procedures are described for determination of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, using diazotized sulfanilic acid or the mercury-diphenylthiocarbazone reaction. The compound should first be separated from interfering substances such as are found in urine. Paper electrophoresis, ion displacement, or chromatography suffice for this purpose.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Chemistry – A European Journal called Total synthesis of potent antifungal marine bisoxazole natural products benzazoles A and B, Author is Bull, James A.; Balskus, Emily P.; Horan, Richard A. J.; Langner, Martin; Ley, Steven V., which mentions a compound: 118994-89-1, SMILESS is O=C(C1=CN=CO1)OCC, Molecular C6H7NO3, Safety of Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate.

The bengazoles are a family of marine natural products that display potent antifungal activity and a unique structure, containing two oxazole rings flanking a single carbon atom. Total syntheses of benzazole A and B are described, which contain a sensitive stereogenic center at this position between the two oxazoles. Addnl., the synthesis of 10-epi-benzazole A is reported. Two parallel synthetic routes were investigated, relying on construction of the 2,4-disubstituted oxazole under mild conditions and a diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition Our successful route is high yielding, provides rapid access to single stereoisomers of the complex natural products and allows the synthesis of analogs for biol. evaluation.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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Tshala-Katumbay, Desire D.; Ngombe, Nadege N.; Okitundu, Daniel; David, Larry; Westaway, Shawn K.; Boivin, Michael J.; Mumba, Ngoyi D.; Banea, Jean-Pierre published an article about the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2,SMILESS:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O ).HPLC of Formula: 2150-55-2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) through the article.

A review. Threats by fundamentalist leaders to use chem. weapons have resulted in renewed interest in cyanide toxicity. Relevant insights may be gained from studies on cyanide mass intoxication in populations relying on cyanogenic cassava as the main source of food. In these populations, sublethal concentrations (up to 80 μmol/l) of cyanide in the blood are commonplace and lead to signs of acute toxicity. Long-term toxicity signs include a distinct and irreversible spastic paralysis, known as konzo, and cognition deficits, mainly in sequential processing (visual-spatial anal.) domains. Toxic culprits include cyanide (mitochondrial toxicant), thiocyanate (AMPA-receptor chaotropic cyanide metabolite), cyanate (protein-carbamoylating cyanide metabolite), and 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (seizure inducer). Factors of susceptibility include younger age, female gender, protein-deficient diet, and, possibly, the gut functional metagenome. The existence of uniquely exposed and neurol. affected populations offers invaluable research opportunities to develop a comprehensive understanding of cyanide toxicity and test or validate point-of-care diagnostic tools and treatment options to be included in preparedness kits in response to cyanide-related threats.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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Synthetic Route of C4H5N3. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 4-Aminopyrimidine, is researched, Molecular C4H5N3, CAS is 591-54-8, about Synthetic Strategies of Pyrimidine-Based Scaffolds as Aurora Kinase and Polo-like Kinase Inhibitors. Author is Jadhav, Mrunal; Sankhe, Kaksha; Bhandare, Richie R.; Edis, Zehra; Bloukh, Samir Haj; Khan, Tabassum Asif.

A review. Small mols. containing heterocyclic moieties have attracted considerable interest for designing new antitumor agents. Of these, the pyrimidine ring system is found in multitude of drug structures, and being the building unit of DNA and RNA makes it an attractive scaffold for the design and development of anticancer drugs. Currently, 22 pyrimidine-containing entities are approved for clin. use as anticancer drugs by the FDA. An exhaustive literature search indicates several publications and more than 59 patents from the year 2009 onwards on pyrimidine derivatives exhibiting potent antiproliferative activity. These pyrimidine derivatives exert their activity via diverse mechanisms, one of them being inhibition of protein kinases. Aurora kinase (AURK) and polo-like kinase (PLK) are protein kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Within the numerous pyrimidine-based small mols. developed as anticancer agents, this review focuses on the pyrimidine fused heterocyclic compounds modulating the AURK and PLK proteins in different phases of clin. trials as anticancer agents. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of synthetic strategies for the preparation of pyrimidine derivatives and their associated biol. activity on AURK/PLK. It will also present an overview of the synthesis of the heterocyclic-2-aminopyrimidine, 4-aminopyrimidine and 2,4-diaminopyrimidine scaffolds, and one of the pharmacophores in AURK/PLK inhibitors is described systematically.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, is researched, Molecular C8H8N4, CAS is 91912-53-7, about Structure-activity relationship study, target identification, and pharmacological characterization of a small molecular IL-12/23 inhibitor, APY0201.Reference of 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 are proinflammatory cytokines and therapeutic targets for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. The authors describe the discovery of APY0201, a unique small mol. IL-12/23 production inhibitor, from activated macrophages and monocytes, and demonstrate ameliorated inflammation in an exptl. model of colitis. Through a chem. proteomics approach using a highly sensitive direct nanoflow LC-MS/MS system and bait compounds equipped with the FLAG epitope associated regulator of PIKfyve (ArPIKfyve) was detected. Further study identified its associated protein phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE finger-containing (PIKfyve), as the target protein of APY0201, which was characterized as a potent, highly selective, ATP-competitive PIKfyve inhibitor that interrupts the conversion of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) to PtdIns(3,5)P2. These results elucidate the function of PIKfyve kinase in the IL-12/23 production pathway and in IL-12/23-driven inflammatory disease pathologies to provide a compelling rationale for targeting PIKfyve kinase in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Lee, H. H.; Palmer, B. D.; Wilson, W. R.; Denny, W. A. researched the compound: 4-Bromo-1-methyl-2-nitro-1H-imidazole( cas:121816-79-3 ).Category: pyrazines.They published the article 《Synthesis and hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity of a 2-nitroimidazole mustard》 about this compound( cas:121816-79-3 ) in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. Keywords: chloroethylaminonitroimidazole preparation hypoxia selective cytotoxicity; nitroimidazole mustard preparation hypoxia selective cytotoxicity; imidazole chloroethylaminonitro preparation hypoxia selective cytotoxicity. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:121816-79-3).

A four-step synthesis of 5-[N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole from 1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole is described. This compound showed similar hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity to the dinitrobenzamide mustard SN 23862 in UV4 cells (ca. 40-fold), and superior selectivity (>7-fold) in repair-competent AA8 cells.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 2150-55-2, is researched, SMILESS is O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O, Molecular C4H6N2O2SJournal, Article, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods called Spectrophotometric analysis of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), Author is Baskin, Steven I.; Petrikovics, Ilona; Platoff, Gennady E.; Rockwood, Gary A.; Logue, Brian A., the main research direction is cyanide metabolite aminothiazoline carboxylic acid preparation spectrophotometry.Application of 2150-55-2.

Methods of directly evaluating cyanide levels are limited by the volatility of cyanide and by the difficulty of establishing steady-state cyanide levels with time. We investigated the measurement of a stable, toxic metabolite, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), in an attempt to circumvent the challenge of directly determining cyanide concentrations in aqueous media. This study was focused on the spectrophotometric ATCA determination in the presence of cyanide, thiocyanate (SCN-), cysteine, rhodanese, thiosulfate, and other sulfur donors. The method involves a thiazolidine ring opening in the presence of p-(hydroxy-mercury)-benzoate, followed by the reaction with diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone). The product is spectrophotometrically analyzed at 625 nm in CCl4. The calibration curve was linear with a regression line of Y = 0.0022x (R2 = 0.9971). Interference of cyanide antidotes with the method was determined Cyanide, thiosulfate, butanethiosulfonate (BTS), and rhodanese did not appreciably interfere with the anal., but SCN- and cysteine significantly shifted the standard curve. This sensitive spectrophotometric method has shown promise as a substitute for the measurement of the less stable cyanide.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Organic Letters called The Kondrat’eva Reaction in Flow: Direct Access to Annulated Pyridines, Author is Lehmann, Johannes; Alzieu, Thibaut; Martin, Rainer E.; Britton, Robert, which mentions a compound: 118994-89-1, SMILESS is O=C(C1=CN=CO1)OCC, Molecular C6H7NO3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate.

A continuous flow inverse-electron-demand Kondrat’eva reaction has been developed that provides direct access to cycloalka[c]pyridines from unactivated oxazoles and cycloalkenes. The cycloadditions of both unactivated alkenes and deactivated oxazoles are promoted in continuous flow at elevated temperatures and pressures (230 °C, 750psi). E.g., reaction of 5-phenyloxazole and cyclopentene in presence of TFA gave 55% 4-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridine (I). Annulated pyridines obtained by this one-step process are valuable scaffolds for medicinal chem.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Indole-3-glyoxylamide Libraries Possessing Highly Potent Activity in a Cell Line Model of Prion Disease, published in 2009-12-10, which mentions a compound: 1827-27-6, Name is 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine, Molecular C5H5FN2, Safety of 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine.

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a family of invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorders for which no effective curative therapy currently exists. We report here the synthesis of a library of indole-3-glyoxylamides and their evaluation as potential antiprion agents. A number of compounds demonstrated submicromolar activity in a cell line model of prion disease together with a defined structure-activity relationship, permitting the design of more potent compounds that effected clearance of scrapie in the low nanomolar range. Thus, the indole-3-glyoxylamides described herein constitute ideal candidates to progress to further development as potential therapeutics for the family of human prion disorders.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem