Category: Pyrazines

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid(SMILESS: O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O,cas:2150-55-2) is researched.Related Products of 2150-55-2. The article 《Development of magnetic carbon nanotubes for dispersive micro solid phase extraction of the cyanide metabolite, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, in biological samples》 in relation to this compound, is published in Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is a minor metabolite of cyanide and is suggested to be a promising biomarker for cyanide exposure due to its specificity to cyanide metabolism and its excellent short- and long-term stability during storage. In this study, magnetic carbon nanotubes, including magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Mag-MWCNT) and magnetic single-walled carbon nanotubes (Mag-SWCNT) were synthesized as a novel sorbent for dispersive micro solid phase extraction (d-μSPE) to extract ATCA from biol. matrixes. ATCA spiked deionized water samples with the addition of the isotopic internal standard (ATCA – 13C, 15N) were subjected to Mag-CNT/d-μSPE to confirm extraction efficiency of this new technique. The extracted ATCA was derivatized and quantitated using gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS) anal. The extraction parameters were optimized and a detection limits of 15 and 25 ng/mL were obtained for synthetic urine and bovine blood resp. with a linear dynamic range of 30-1000 ng/mL. The optimized Mag-CNT/d-μSPE method facilitated efficient extraction of ATCA using 2 mg of Mag-MWCNT with a 10-min extraction time. The current assay was also found to be effective for the extraction of ATCA with average recoveries of 97.7% and 96.5% from synthetic urine and bovine blood resp. The approach of using Mag-CNT to facilitate d-μSPE offered a novel alternative to extract ATCA from complex biol. matrixes.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called HDAC4 Inhibitors with Cyclic Linker and Non-hydroxamate Zinc Binding Group: Design, Synthesis, HDAC Screening and in vitro Cytotoxicity evaluation., published in 2021-07-13, which mentions a compound: 1827-27-6, mainly applied to HDAC inhibitor screening cytotoxicity cyclic linker nonhydroxamate zinc binding, Name: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine.

Recent evidences highlight the usefulness of small mol. (Histone deacetylase 4) HDAC4 inhibitors in the several preclin. paradigms. Major toxicity and mutagenicity issues associated with hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors, stimulated us to develop potent non-hydroxamate inhibitors. In the present work a novel series of thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivatives with pyridine as cyclic linker and TZD ring as zinc binding group was designed and screened in a panel of isoenzymes of HDACs, wherein the most potent compounds exhibiting HDAC4 IC50-values<5 μM were 5 v, 5 w, 5 y and 5 z (IC50=4.2±1 μM, 0.75±0.03 μM, 4.9±0.5 and 2.3±0.5 μM, resp.). The docking studies displayed the unique binding mode of this series of compound at active site of HDAC4, wherein TZD ring was indicated as zinc binding group. Further, 5 w and 5 y were found as the most potent antiproliferative agent in lymphoblastic leukemia (CCRF-CEM) and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Compound 5 y was found to induce the apoptosis and DNA fragmentation of CEM cells. The western blotting anal. of 5 y also showed the presence of cleaved caspases supporting their apoptotic nature. Further, Class IIa (HDAC4) selectivity of 5 y was also supported by western blotting observations, wherein 5 y caused the accumulation of acetylated H3 but not of acetylated Tubulin. Thus, our findings endorse the further investigation of this series of compounds for their potential as targeted cancer therapeutic agents. As far as I know, this compound(1827-27-6)Name: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine can be applied in many ways, which is helpful for the development of experiments. Therefore many people are doing relevant researches.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Jackson, Randy; Petrikovics, Ilona; Lai, Edward P. C.; Yu, Jorn C. C. published an article about the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2,SMILESS:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O ).Electric Literature of C4H6N2O2S. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) through the article.

In forensic casework, a stable and quantifiable marker is desirable for the determination of cyanide poisoning in biol. fluids. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is a chem. stable urinary metabolite of cyanide that has been considered to be a reliable biol. marker for cyanide exposure. However, endogenous ATCA is always present in low quantity originating from either dietary intake of cyanide or from normal metabolism of amino acids. A selective and sensitive anal. method is needed to determine the endogenous level of ATCA in order to identify cyanide poisoning. The objective of this research was to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) on the surface of a silica stir bar for molecularly imprinted stir bar sorption extraction (MISBSE). Under optimal extraction conditions, the MISBSE could selectively preconc. ATCA from urine samples. The binding capacity of one MISBSE stir bar for ATCA was determined to be 35 ± 3 ng (n = 3). Combining MISBSE with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS), ATCA was detected without derivatization at the 400 ng/mL concentration level. This new strategy of MISBSE-ESI/MS/MS enhanced the selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of ACTA in urine samples.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Related Products of 1827-27-6. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine, is researched, Molecular C5H5FN2, CAS is 1827-27-6, about Soluble-type small-molecule CD4 mimics as HIV entry inhibitors. Author is Kobayakawa, Takuya; Konno, Kiju; Ohashi, Nami; Takahashi, Kohei; Masuda, Ami; Yoshimura, Kazuhisa; Harada, Shigeyoshi; Tamamura, Hirokazu.

Several small mol. CD4 mimics have been reported previously as HIV-1 entry inhibitors, which block the interaction between the Phe43 cavity of HIV-1 gp120 and the host CD4. Known CD4 mimics such as NBD-556 possess significant anti-HIV activity but are less soluble in water, perhaps due to their hydrophobic aromatic ring-containing structures. Compounds with a pyridinyl group in place of the Ph group in these mols. have been designed and synthesized in an attempt to increase the hydrophilicity. Some of these new CD4 mimics, containing a tetramethylpiperidine ring show significantly higher water solubility than NBD-556 and have high anti-HIV activity and synergistic anti-HIV activity with a neutralizing antibody. The CD4 mimic that has a cyclohexylpiperidine ring and a 6-fluoropyridin-3-yl ring has high anti-HIV activity and no significant cytotoxicity. The present results will be useful in the future design and development of novel soluble-type mol. CD4 mimics.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Related Products of 91912-53-7. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, is researched, Molecular C8H8N4, CAS is 91912-53-7, about Design and Synthesis of the Potent, Orally Available, Brain-Penetrable Arylpyrazole Class of Neuropeptide Y5 Receptor Antagonists. Author is Sato, Nagaaki; Takahashi, Toshiyuki; Shibata, Takunobu; Haga, Yuji; Sakuraba, Aya; Hirose, Masaaki; Sato, Miki; Nonoshita, Katsumasa; Koike, Yuko; Kitazawa, Hidefumi; Fujino, Naoko; Ishii, Yasuyuki; Ishihara, Akane; Kanatani, Akio; Fukami, Takehiro.

Novel arylpyrazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as neuropeptide Y5 receptor antagonists. The 2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene derivative I showed good binding affinity and antagonistic activity for the Y5 receptor. After intracerebroventricular administration in SD rats, (-)-I significantly inhibited food intake that was induced by the centrally administered Y5-preferring agonist, bovine pancreatic polypeptide, but had only a negligible effect on NPY-induced feeding.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Fang, Zhennan; Wei, Huiqiang; Gou, Wenfeng; Chen, Leyuan; Bi, Changfen; Hou, Wenbin; Li, Yiliang published an article about the compound: 4-Aminopyrimidine( cas:591-54-8,SMILESS:C1=CN=CN=C1N ).Recommanded Product: 4-Aminopyrimidine. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:591-54-8) through the article.

A review. Nonapoptotic types of regulated cell death have attracted widespread interest since the discovery that certain forms of cell necrosis can be regulated. In particular, research into cell necroptosis has made significant progress in connection with kidney, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Inhibitors targeting the critical necroptosis-associated proteins RIPK1/3 and MLKL have been in development for more than a decade. Herein the authors compile a list of the known small-mol. inhibitors of these enzymes and representative structures of compounds co-crystallized with these proteins and put forward some thoughts regarding their future development.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Ouyang, Jia-Sheng; Liu, Siqi; Pan, Bendu; Zhang, Yaqi; Liang, Hao; Chen, Bin; He, Xiaobo; Chan, Wesley Ting Kwok; Chan, Albert S. C.; Sun, Tian-Yu; Wu, Yun-Dong; Qiu, Liqin published the article 《A Bulky and Electron-Rich N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complex (SIPr)Ph2Pd(cin)Cl: Highly Efficient and Versatile for Buchwald-Hartwig Amination of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides with (Hetero)aryl Amines at Room Temperature》. Keywords: heterocyclic carbene palladium complex catalyst preparation; substituted amine preparation; hetero aryl chloride amine Buchwald Hartwig amination palladium catalyst.They researched the compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine( cas:1827-27-6 ).Reference of 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:1827-27-6) here.

A bulky and electron-rich N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complex (SIPr)Ph2Pd(cin)Cl was synthesized and characterized. It was found to be highly efficient and versatile for the synthesis of substituted amines via coupling of different (hetero)aryl chlorides with various (hetero)aryl amines at room temperature, especially for the challenging amination of five- or six-membered ring heteroaryl chlorides with five- or six-membered ring heteroaryl amines. It was also successfully applied to the synthesis of various com. pharmaceuticals and candidate drugs or compounds with potential pharmacol. activities in high yields. All of these demonstrate its excellent catalytic efficacy in Buchwald-Hartwig amination and broad application prospects in relevant pharmaceutical preparations DFT calculations suggest that the steric-induced electronic interaction makes the ligand more electron-donating and the steric effect effectively regulates the rotation of iPr-Ph-iPr group in the catalyzed system due to the introduction of the di-Ph skeleton. Considering the electronic effect and steric effect together, the oxidative addition activation barriers by (SIPr)Ph2 and (SIPr) ligands are close to each other. The reductive elimination was the rate-determining step of (SIPr)Ph2Pd(cin)Cl-catalyzed system in the catalytic cycle, the appropriate steric hindrance of (SIPr)Ph2 ligand greatly reduces the energy barrier of this step. The perfect combination of electron-donating and steric hindrance ability of the ligand significantly improves the catalytic activity.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Aromatic fluorine compounds. X. The 2,3- and 2,6-difluoropyridines》. Authors are Finger, G. C.; Starr, Laurence D.; Roe, Arthur; Link, William J..The article about the compound:5-Amino-2-fluoropyridinecas:1827-27-6,SMILESS:NC1=CN=C(C=C1)F).Computed Properties of C5H5FN2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:1827-27-6) is conveyed.

cf. CA 54, 6713i. The preparation of difluoropyridines by the Schiemann reaction was investigated. 2-Amino-6-fluoropyridine, necessary for the synthesis of 2,6-difluoropyridine by the Schiemann reaction, was conveniently prepared by the Curtius degradation of 6-fluoropicolinic hydrazide and by the Hofmann reaction on 6-fluoropicolinamide. Since an α-fluorine on a pyridine nucleus is preferentially replaced by hydrazine when it is either adjacent to or opposite a carbomethoxy group, the hydrazides necessary for the synthesis of 3-amino-2- and 6-fluoropyridine could not be prepared These amines were prepared from the appropriate 2-fluoropyridinecarboxamide by the Hofmann reaction. The preparation of difluoropyridines was successful with two of the aminofluoropyridines and led to the following new compounds: 2,3-difluoro- and 2,6-difluoropyridine.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Discovery of a Dual Tubulin Polymerization and Cell Division Cycle 20 Homologue Inhibitor via Structural Modification on Apcin, published in 2020-05-14, which mentions a compound: 591-54-8, Name is 4-Aminopyrimidine, Molecular C4H5N3, Category: pyrazines.

Apcin is one of the few compounds that have been previously reported as a Cdc20 specific inhibitor, although Cdc20 is a very promising drug target. We reported here the design, synthesis, and biol. evaluations of 2,2,2-trichloro-1-aryl carbamate derivatives as Cdc20 inhibitors. Among these derivatives, compound 9f(I) was much more efficient than the pos. compound apcin in inhibiting cancer cell growth, but it had approx. the same binding affinity with apcin in SPR assays. It is possible that another mechanism of action might exist. Further evidence demonstrated that compound 9f also inhibited tubulin polymerization, disorganized the microtubule network, and blocked the cell cycle at the M phase with changes in the expression of cyclins. Thus, it induced apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3 and PARP. In addition, compound 9f inhibited cell migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. These results provide guidance for developing the current series as potential new anticancer therapeutics.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 1827-27-6, is researched, SMILESS is NC1=CN=C(C=C1)F, Molecular C5H5FN2Journal, Article, Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) called Synthesis, cytotoxic characterization, and SAR study of imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides, Author is Demjen, Andras; Alfoeldi, Robert; Angyal, Aniko; Gyuris, Mario; Hackler, Laszlo Jr.; Szebeni, Gabor J.; Woelfling, Janos; Puskas, Laszlo G.; Kanizsai, Ivan, the main research direction is imidazopyrazolecarboxamide preparation antitumor breast leukemia structure activity; Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction; anticancer agents; cytotoxic; imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole; multicomponent reaction.Application of 1827-27-6.

The synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic characteristics of new imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides were investigated. Following a hit-to-lead optimization exploiting 2D and 3D cultures of MCF-7 human breast, 4T1 mammary gland, and HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cancer cell lines, a 67-membered library was constructed and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was determined Seven synthesized analogs exhibited sub-micromolar activities, from which compound 63 (2-(tert-Butyl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-((2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)amino)-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamide) exerted the most significant potency with a remarkable HL-60 sensitivity (IC50 = 0.183 μM).

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem