Category: Pyrazines

Chauhan, Priyanka; Bhattacharya, Arpita; Giri, Ved Prakash; Singh, Satyendra Pratap; Gupta, Sateesh Chandra; Verma, Pratibha; Dwivedi, Ashish; Rajput, Laxman Singh; Mishra, Aradhana published the artcile< Bacillus subtilis suppresses the charcoal rot disease by inducing defence responses and physiological attributes in soybean>, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1, the main research area is Bacillus subtilis soybean charcoal rot disease physiol; Bacillus subtilis; Charcoal rot disease; GC–MS profiles; Macrophomina phaseolina; Secondary metabolites; Soybean.

Endophytes can induce the defense responses and modulates physiol. attributes in host plants during pathogen attacks. In the present study, 127 bacterial endophytes (BEs) were isolated from different parts of healthy soybean plant. Among them, two BEs (M-2 and M-4) resulted a significant antagonistic property against Macrophomina phaseolina, causes charcoal rot disease in soybean. The antagonistic potential was evaluated through dual culture plate assay, where M-4 expressed higher antifungal activity than M-2 against M. phaseolina. The M-4 produces cell wall degrading enzymes viz. cellulase (145.71 ± 1.34 μgmL-1), chitinase (0.168 ± 0.0009 unitmL-1) and β,1-3 endoglucanase (162.14 ± 2.5 μgmL-1), which helps in cell wall disintegration of pathogens. Addnl., M-4 also can produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (17.03 ± 1.10 μgmL-1) and had a phosphate solubilization potential (19.89 ± 0.26 μgmL-1). Further, GC-MS profiling of M-4 has been carried out to demonstrate the production of lipophilic secondary metabolites which efficiently suppress the M. phaseolina defensive compounds under co-culture conditions. Bio-efficacy study of M-4 strain shown a significant reduction in disease incidence around 60 and 80% in resistant and susceptible varieties of soybean, resp. The inoculation of M-4 potentially enhances the physiol. attributes and triggers various defense responsive enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenol peroxidase (PPO), peroxidase (PO) and catalase (CAT). The histopathol. study also confirmed that M-4 can reduce the persistence of microsclerotia in root and shoot tissue. Conclusively, M-4 revealed as an efficient biocontrol agent that can uses multifaceted measures for charcoal rot disease management, by suppress the M. phaseolina infection and enhance the physiol. attributes of soybean.

Archives of Microbiology published new progress about Bacillus subtilis. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Yang, Yin-He; Yang, Da-Song; Li, Guo-Hong; Pu, Xue-Juan; Mo, Ming-He; Zhao, Pei-Ji published the artcile< Antibacterial diketopiperazines from an endophytic fungus Bionectria sp. Y1085>, SDS of cas: 2873-36-1, the main research area is diketopiperazine isolation structure antibacterial activity Bionectria.

Two new diketopiperazines, 1 new polyprenol, together with 19 known compounds were obtained from the EtOAc extract of Bionectria sp. Y1085, an endophytic fungus isolated from the plant Huperzia serrata. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS anal. Bionectin D (I) is a rare diketopiperazine with a single methylthio substitution at the α-carbon of cyclized amino acid residue. The antibacterial activity of compounds was assayed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 6539, and some metabolites exhibited evident antibacterial activity.

Journal of Antibiotics published new progress about Antibacterial agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, SDS of cas: 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Huang, Dan-Yu; Nong, Xu-Hua; Zhang, Yu-Qin; Xu, Wei; Sun, Long-Yu; Zhang, Tao; Chen, Guang-Ying; Han, Chang-Ri published the artcile< Two new 2,5-diketopiperazine derivatives from mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Nigrospora camelliae-sinensis S30>, Product Details of C11H18N2O2, the main research area is diketopiperazine derivative antimicrobial neuroprotective agent Nigrospora; Mangrove-derived fungus; Nigrospora camelliae-sinensis; antimicrobial activity; diketopiperazines; neuroprotective activity.

Two new 2,5-diketopiperazines derivatives, together with eight known analogs, were isolated from a culture broth of an endophytic fungus Nigrospora camelliae-sinensis S30, derived from mangrove Lumnitzera littorea. Their complete structures were determined by a detailed anal. of spectroscopic data and ECD calculations The antimicrobial activity and neuroprotective activity of these isolated compounds were also evaluated.

Natural Product Research published new progress about Antimicrobial agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Product Details of C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Sun, Xiaowen; Zhang, Run; Ding, Meijuan; Liu, Yongxuan; Li, Lin published the artcile< Biocontrol of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita by a nematicidal bacterium Pseudomonas simiae MB751 with cyclic dipeptide>, SDS of cas: 2873-36-1, the main research area is cyclic dipeptide biocontrol root Pseudomonas Meloidogyne infection; Meloidogyne incognita; Pseudomonas simiae; cyclic dipeptide; nematicidal activity; root-knot nematode.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are harmful plant-parasitic nematodes that cause serious damage to plant hosts. In the long-term practice of RKN management, bacterial nematicides have attracted increasing attention as an effective biocontrol means. Here we determined the active substances against Meloidogyne incognita from a nematicidal bacterium, developed a biocontrol agent (BCA) based on optimized culture processes. The effects of the BCA on RKN control and plant growth-promotion were evaluated in tomato pot trials. Pseudomonas simiae strain MB751 exhibiting significant nematicidal activity against M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) with approx. 80% mortality (with culture supernatant, 96% volume percentage) was isolated from a vineyard. A set of purification and identification experiments was performed to determine the main nematicidal component in MB751. A cyclic dipeptide Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Leu) was identified with a lethal concentration necessary to kill 50% of the population (LC50) of 65.3μg mL-1 against M. incognita J2. Following optimization trials on culture medium/fermentation conditions, such as the single factor test, Plackett-Burman test, steepest ascent, and response surface methodol. experiments, the MB751 fermentation broth was then prepared as a BCA via a cold-air drying process. The BCA and was evaluated in tomato pot experiments for effectiveness in suppressing M. incognita. Significant effects on M. incognita suppression and plant-growth promotion as well as induced systemic resistance to M. incognita of tomato, were observed The cyclic dipeptide-producing bacterium P. simiae MB751 exhibited high nematicidal activity and performance. Further development of this BCA should be pursued for the management of M. incognita in agriculture.

Pest Management Science published new progress about Biological pest control. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, SDS of cas: 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Khan, Mohammad Sayyar; Gao, Junlian; Munir, Iqbal; Zhang, Mingfang; Liu, Yixin; Moe, The Su; Xue, Jing; Zhang, Xiuhai published the artcile< Characterization of endophytic fungi, Acremonium sp., from Lilium davidii and analysis of its antifungal and plant growth-promoting effects>, Product Details of C11H18N2O2, the main research area is Acremonium Botrytis Lilium plant growth antifungal agent.

The present study was aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from the Asian culinary and medicinal plant Lilium davidii and analyzing its antifungal and plant growth-promoting effects. In this study, the fungal endophyte Acremonium sp. Ld-03 was isolated from the bulbs of L. davidii and identified through morphol. and mol. anal. The mol. and morphol. anal. confirmed the endophytic fungal strain as Acremonium sp. Ld-03. Antifungal effects of Ld-03 were observed against Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Fusarium fujikuroi. The highest growth inhibition, i.e., 78.39 ± 4.21%, was observed for B. dothidea followed by 56.68 ± 4.38%, 43.62 ± 3.81%, and 20.12 ± 2.45% for B. cinerea, F. fujikuroi, and F. oxysporum, resp. Anal. of the Et acetate fraction through UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS revealed putative secondary metabolites which included xanthurenic acid, valyl aspartic acid, gancidin W, peptides, and cyclic dipeptides such as valylarginine, cyclo-[L-(4-hydroxy-Pro)-L-leu], cyclo(Pro-Phe), and (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione. Other metabolites included (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-((S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propanoic acid, di-Bu phthalate (DBP), 9-octadecenamide, D-erythro-C18-Sphingosine, N-palmitoyl sphinganine, and hydroxypalmitoyl sphinganine. The strain Ld-03 showed indole acetic acid (IAA) production with or without the application of exogenous tryptophan. The IAA ranged from 53.12 ± 3.20 μg ml-1 to 167.71 ± 7.12 μg ml-1 under different tryptophan concentrations The strain was able to produce siderophore, and its production was significantly decreased with increasing Fe(III) citrate concentrations in the medium. The endophytic fungal strain also showed production of organic acids and phosphate solubilization activity. Plant growth-promoting effects of the strain were evaluated on in vitro seedling growth of Allium tuberosum. Application of 40% culture dilution resulted in a significant increase in root and shoot length, i.e., 24.03 ± 2.71 mm and 37.27 ± 1.86 mm, resp., compared to nontreated control plants. The fungal endophyte Ld-03 demonstrated the potential of conferring disease resistance and plant growth promotion. Therefore, we conclude that the isolated Acremonium sp. Ld-03 should be further investigated before utilization as a biocontrol agent and plant growth stimulator.

BioMed Research International published new progress about Aconitum tuberosum. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Product Details of C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Wang, Yanbo; Wang, Feifei; Bao, Xingyue; Feng, Jie; Fu, Linglin published the artcile< Inhibition of biogenic amines in Shewanella baltica by anthocyanins involving a quorum sensing system>, Product Details of C11H18N2O2, the main research area is anthocyanin antibacterial agent biogenic amine quorum sensing Shewanalla; Anthocyanins; Biogenic amines; Diketopiperazines; Quorum sensing inhibitor.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell d.-dependent signaling system responsible for various physiol. activities in bacteria. We initially investigated the relation between a QS system and biogenic amine (BA) production in Shewanella baltica, the specific spoilage organism of refrigerated large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaene crocea). In addition, the inhibition effects of anthocyanins from blueberry and purple sweet potato against QS signals and putrescine production were explored. Two kinds of diketopiperazines, cyclo-(l-Pro-l-Leu) and cyclo-(l-Pro-l-Pro), and two kinds of BAs, putrescine and cadaverine, were detected in the culture extract of S. baltica cultivated in sterile large yellow croaker juice, wherein putrescine presented significantly pos. correlations with cyclo-(l-Pro-l-Leu) and cyclo-(l-Pro-l-Pro). In addition, anthocyanins at subminimum inhibitory concentration inhibited the production of diketopiperazines and putrescine in S. baltica 23, a strain with strong putrescine production Furthermore, a transcriptional anal. showed that anthocyanins suppressed the expression of the odc gene in S. baltica, the gene responsible for the production of putrescine from decarboxylation of ornithine. These results established a correlation of the main BA putrescine with the QS system in S. baltica and revealed that anthocyanins could be developed as new QS inhibitors and seafood preservative candidates.

Journal of Food Protection published new progress about Anthocyanins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Product Details of C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Zhu, Junli; Zhang, Yuwei; Deng, Jingmin; Jiang, Hanyun; Zhuang, Liumin; Ye, Wei; Ma, Jiayu; Jiang, Jingyang; Feng, Lifang published the artcile< Diketopiperazines Synthesis Gene in Shewanella baltica and Roles of Diketopiperazines and Resveratrol in Quorum Sensing>, HPLC of Formula: 2873-36-1, the main research area is diketopiperazine resveratrol quorum sensing Shewanella; Shewanella baltica; cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS); diketopiperazines; quorum sensing; resveratrol.

The synthesis pathways of quorum sensing (QS) signal mols. and the mechanism of action of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) have gained considerable attention as research topics in the field of food preservation. Here, Shewanella baltica was detected as the specific spoilage organism in large yellow croaker during 4° storage, and it produced the QS signal mols. autoinducer-2 (AI-2) and diketopiperazines (DKPs). Then, a cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS) homologous gene, sb1370, was screened, and knockout and rescue results revealed that this gene was involved in DKP synthesis but not in AI-2 synthesis, and it also played an important role in QS. Furthermore, fish fillets and mutant strains were treated with resveratrol, and the results suggested that resveratrol was an ideal QSI for inhibition of DKPs production via the sb1370 gene and reduced QS in S. baltica, thus delaying the process of fish spoilage during chilling storage.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry published new progress about Diketopiperazines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, HPLC of Formula: 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Salman, Mahwish; Tariq, Anam; Mustafa, Ghulam; Javed, Muhammad Rizwan; Naheed, Shazia; Qamar, Sarmad Ahmad published the artcile< Cyclo(L-Leucyl-L-Prolyl) from Lactobacillus coryniformis BCH-4 inhibits the proliferation of Aspergillus flavus: an in vitro to in silico approach>, Reference of 2873-36-1, the main research area is Lactobacillus Aspergillus proliferation Cyclo L Leucyl Prolyl antifungal bioprotectant; Antifungal potential; Aspergillus flavus; Bioprotectant; Cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro); Lactobacillus coryniformis; Molecular docking.

Fungal spoilage led to a considerable economic loss of foodstuff which ultimately affects public health due to mycotoxins production Moreover, the consumption of com. antifungal drugs creates side effects and develops antifungal resistance. To overcome these challenges, the current work was aimed to investigate novel antifungal cyclic dipeptide (CDP) from Lactobacillus coryniformis (Loigolactobacillus coryniformis) BCH-4. CDPs have flexible, cyclic, and stable conformation. The proline-based CDPs provide addnl. structural compatibility and bio-functional values. Keeping in view, high-performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) was performed to explore cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) from L. coryniformis BCH-4. The HPLC detected concentration (135 ± 7.07 mg/mL) exhibited in vitro antifungal activity of 5.66 ± 0.57 mm (inhibitory zone) against Aspergillus flavus. Based on these results, cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) was used as a bioprotectant for selected food samples (grapes, lemon, cashew nuts, and almonds). A significant impact of cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) was observed in contrast with MRS broth (control) and cell-free supernatant. In silico mol. docking anal. of this CDP was carried out against FAD glucose dehydrogenase, dihydrofolate reductase, and urate oxidase of A. flavus as target proteins. Among these proteins, FAD glucose dehydrogenase exerted strong interactions with cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) having S-score of – 8.21. The results evaluated that the detected CDP has strong interactions with selected proteins, causing excellent growth inhibition of A. flavus. Therefore, cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) could be used as a potent bioprotectant against food-borne pathogenic fungi.

Archives of Microbiology published new progress about Almond. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Reference of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem