Category: 98-97-5

Authors Dong, XW; Zhang, JK; Xu, L; Che, JX; Cheng, G; Hu, XB; Sheng, L; Gao, AH; Li, J; Liu, T; Hu, YZ; Zhou, YB in ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER published article about BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; MOLECULAR DOCKING; 20S PROTEASOME; DESIGN; DERIVATIVES; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; GENERATION; APOPTOSIS; MYELOMA in [Dong, Xiao-Wu; Zhang, Jian-Kang; Che, Jin-Xin; Liu, Tao; Hu, Yong-Zhou] Zhejiang Univ, ZJU ENS Joint Lab Med Chem, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Anticanc Drug Res, Hangzhou Inst Innovat Med,Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; [Xu, Lei; Hu, Xiao-Bei; Sheng, Li; Gao, An-Hui; Li, Jia; Liu, Tao; Zhou, Yu-Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Mat Med, State Key Lab Drug Res, Natl Ctr Drug Screening, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China; [Xu, Lei; Hu, Xiao-Bei; Sheng, Li; Gao, An-Hui; Li, Jia; Zhou, Yu-Bo] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Jian-Kang] Zhejiang Univ City Coll, Sch Med, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; [Cheng, Gang] Zhejiang Chinese Med Univ, Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Hangzhou 311402, Zhejiang, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 33. Safety of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

The potential of specific proteasome inhibitors to act as anti-cancer agents has attracted intensive investigations. The proteasome can be covalently inhibited by epoxyketone derivatives via a two-step reaction. Several computational approaches have been developed to mimic the covalent binding event. Compound 1 composed of a six-membered heterocyclic ring was designed by using covalent docking. With a possible different binding mode from the clinical compound Carfilzomib, it occupied the 55 pocket of 20S proteasome and showed favorable inhibitory activity. Subsequently optimization and evaluation were taken place. Among these compounds, 11h demonstrated extraordinary in vitro inhibitory activity and selectivity, and good in vivo proteasome inhibitory activity, a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and xenograft tumor inhibition. The possible binding pattern of compound 11h against proteasome was further fully explored via calculations, providing a theoretical basis for finding potent proteasome inhibitors. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Safety of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Dong, XW; Zhang, JK; Xu, L; Che, JX; Cheng, G; Hu, XB; Sheng, L; Gao, AH; Li, J; Liu, T; Hu, YZ; Zhou, YB or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Novel pyrazine based anti-tubercular agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies WOS:000516796900043 published article about MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ACID HYDRAZONES; DERIVATIVES; RESISTANCE; DOCKING; DRUGS; GRANULOCYTES; INHIBITORS; PREDICTION in [Hassan, Nayera W.; Saudi, Manal N.; Abdel-Ghany, Yasser S.; Ismail, Azza; Elzahhar, Perihan A.; El-Hawash, Soad A.] Alexandria Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; [Sriram, Dharmarajan] Birla Inst Technol & Sci Pilani, Med Chem & Drug Discovery Res Lab, Pharm Grp, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar 500078, Telangana, India; [Nassra, Rasha] Alexandria Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, Alexandria, Egypt; [Abdel-Aziz, Marwa M.] Al Azhar Univ, Reg Ctr Mycol & Biotechnol, Cairo 11759, Egypt in 2020, Cited 84. Name: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

TB continues to be a leading health threat despite the availability of powerful anti-TB drugs. We report herein the design and synthesis of various hybrid molecules comprising pyrazine scaffold and various formerly identified anti-mycobacterial moieties. Thirty-one compounds were screened in vitro for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using MABA assay. The results revealed that six compounds (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 14b and 18) displayed significant activity against Mtb with MIC values <= 6.25 mu g/ml versus 6.25 mu g/ml for pyrazinamide. The most active compounds were then assessed for their in vitro cytotoxicity against PBMC normal cell line using MTT assay and showed SI > 200. Several in silico studies have been carried out for target fishing of the novel compounds such as shape-based similarity, pharmacophore mapping and inverse docking. Based on this multi-step target fishing study, we suggest that pantothenate synthetase could be the possible target responsible for the action of these compounds. The most active compounds were then successfully docked into the active site of pantothenate synthetase enzyme with favorable binding interactions. In addition, in silico prediction of physicochemical, ADMET and drug-like properties were also determined indicating that compounds 8b, 8c and 8d are promising candidates for the development of new anti-TB agents with enhanced activity and better safety profile.

Name: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Hassan, NW; Saudi, MN; Abdel-Ghany, YS; Ismail, A; Elzahhar, PA; Sriram, D; Nassra, R; Abdel-Aziz, MM; El-Hawash, SA or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Formula: C5H4N2O2. Florentini, EA; Angulo, N; Gilman, RH; Alcantara, R; Roncal, E; Antiparra, R; Toscano, E; Vallejos, K; Kirwan, D; Zimic, M; Sheen, P in [Florentini, Edgar A.; Angulo, Noelia; Alcantara, Roberto; Roncal, Elisa; Antiparra, Ricardo; Toscano, Emily; Vallejos, Katherine; Kirwan, Danni; Zimic, Mirko; Sheen, Patricia] Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Fac Ciencias & Filosofia, Lab Invest & Desarrollo, Lab Bioinformat & Biol Mol, Lima, Peru; [Gilman, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA published Immunological detection of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid for the detection of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2020, Cited 28. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a current area of development and PZA-resistant strains are increasingly prevalent. Previous studies have demonstrated that the detection of pyrazinoic acid (POA), the metabolite produced by the deamidation of PZA, is a good predictor for PZA resistance since a resistant strain would not convert PZA into POA at a critical required rate, whereas a susceptible strain will do, expelling POA to the extracellular environment at a certain rate, and allowing for quantification of this accumulated analyte. In order to quantify POA, an indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) test using hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit serum against POA was developed: for this purpose, pure POA was first covalently linked to the highly immunogenic Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanine, and inoculated in rabbits. A construct made of bovine serum albumin (BSA) linked to pure POA and fixed at the bottom of wells was used as a competitor against spiked samples and liquid Mtb culture supernatants. When spiked samples (commercial POA alone) were analyzed, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.16 mg/mL, the limit of detection 200 mu g/mL and the assay was specific (it did not detect PZA, IC50 > 20 mg/mL). However, culture supernatants (7H9-OADC-PANTA medium) disrupted the competition and a proper icELISA curve was not obtainable. We consider that, although we have shown that it is feasible to induce antibodies against POA, matrix effects could damage its analytical usefulness; multiple, upcoming ways to solve this obstacle are suggested.

Formula: C5H4N2O2. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Florentini, EA; Angulo, N; Gilman, RH; Alcantara, R; Roncal, E; Antiparra, R; Toscano, E; Vallejos, K; Kirwan, D; Zimic, M; Sheen, P or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Product Details of 98-97-5. In 2021 TETRAHEDRON LETT published article about C-H BOND; PALLADIUM-CATALYZED TRIFLUOROMETHYLATION; FLUORINATION; ALKENES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ARYL; ACTIVATION; EFFICIENT; AMINOTRIFLUOROMETHYLATION; PERFLUOROALKYLATION in [Wang, Kai; Zhang, Changjun; Xie, Yuanyuan] Zhejiang Univ Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Yangtze River Delta Reg Gr, Hangzhou 310014, Peoples R China; [Hou, Jiahao; Wei, Tingting; Bai, Renren; Xie, Yuanyuan] Zhejiang Univ Technol, Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Hangzhou 310014, Peoples R China in 2021, Cited 74. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

An eco-friendly and effective electrochemical process was developed for the ortho-trifluoromethylation of arylamines using CF3SO2Na as the trifluoromethyl source, affording the desired products in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. Importantly, the requirement for both transition metals and oxidants utilized in previous methods were avoided. A radical mechanism was proposed on the basis of various control experiments. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Wang, K; Hou, JH; Wei, TT; Zhang, CJ; Bai, RR; Xie, YY or concate me.. Product Details of 98-97-5

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recently I am researching about COLON-CANCER CELLS; PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR DOCKING; PT(II) COMPLEXES; BENIGN SYNTHESIS; DNA CLEAVAGE; CT-DNA; LIGANDS; BINDING; ANTICANCER, Saw an article supported by the University of KwaZulu-Natal; University of the Western Cape; National Research Foundation; DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (Biolabels Node). Published in ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY in CAMBRIDGE ,Authors: Omondi, RO; Sibuyi, NRS; Fadaka, AO; Meyer, M; Jaganyi, D; Ojwach, SO. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Product Details of 98-97-5

Treatments of N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (L-1), N-(quinolin-8-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (L-2), N-(quinolin-8-yl)picolinamide (L-3) and N-(quinolin-8-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide (L-4) with [PdCl2(NCMe)](2) afforded the corresponding Pd(ii) complexes, [Pd(L-1)Cl] (PdL1); [Pd(L-2)Cl] (PdL2); [Pd(L-3)Cl] (PdL3); and [Pd(L-4)Cl] (PdL4) in moderate yields. Structural characterisation of the compounds was achieved by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The solid-state structures of complexes PdL2-PdL4 established the presence of one tridentate carboxamide and Cl ligands around the Pd(ii) coordination sphere, to give distorted square planar complexes. Electrochemical investigations of PdL1-PdL4 showed irreversible one-electron oxidation reactions. Kinetics reactivity of the complexes towards bio-molecules, thiourea (Tu), l-methionine (L-Met) and guanosine 5 ‘-diphosphate disodium salt (5 ‘-GMP) decreased in the order: PdL1 > PdL2 > PdL3 > PdL4, in tandem with the density functional theory (DFT) data. The complexes bind favourably to calf thymus (CT-DNA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the order of their interactions agrees with the substitution kinetics trends. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of PdL1-PdL4 were examined in cancer cell lines A549, PC-3, HT-29, Caco-2, and HeLa, and a normal cell line, KMST-6. Overall, PdL1 and PdL3 displayed potent cytotoxic effects on A549, PC-3 HT-29 and Caco-2 comparable to cisplatin. All the investigated complexes exhibited lower toxicity on normal cells than cisplatin.

Product Details of 98-97-5. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Omondi, RO; Sibuyi, NRS; Fadaka, AO; Meyer, M; Jaganyi, D; Ojwach, SO or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Product Details of 98-97-5. In 2019 J CHEM INF MODEL published article about MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SHAPE COMPLEMENTARITY; BINDING; DOCKING; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSLATION; CONSTRAINTS; MUTATION; INSIGHT in [Rehman, Ashfaq Ur; Liu, Hao; Chen, Hai-Feng] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, Natl Expt Teaching Ctr Life Sci & Biotechnol, State Key Lab Microbial Metab,Dept Bioinformat &, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China; [Chen, Hai-Feng] Shanghai Ctr Bioinformat Technol, Shanghai 200235, Peoples R China; [Khan, Muhammad Tahir; Malik, Shaukat Iqbal] Capital Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Bioinformat & Biosci, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; [Rehman, Ashfaq Ur; Wadood, Abdul] Abdul Wali Khan Univ Marden, Dept Biotechnol, Mardan 23200, Pakistan in 2019, Cited 62. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an essential first line antitubercular drug, which plays a crucial role in tuberculosis treatment. The PZA, which is considered as a pro-drug needs an enzyme of mycobacterial pyrazinamidase (PZase) for its conversion into an active form pyrazinoic acid. Further, this active form of PZA inhibits the ribosomal proteins Si, which facilitates the transfer-mRNA complex formation throughout the translation. The spontaneous mutations in RpsA have been found to be associated with PZA drug resistance. However, the drug resistance mechanism is still unclear. Furthermore, there is no such information available about the structural dynamics of RpsA protein because of mutations that confer Pyrazinoic acid resistance. Moreover, a total of 18 clinical PZA-resistant isolates were investigated and found to be pncA(WT), which allowed exploration of the resistance mechanism of RpsA in the mutated state. Samples were repeated for the drug susceptibility testing followed by RpsA gene sequencing. A total of 11 clinical isolates harbored a total of 15 mutations. Almost half of the total strains (7/15) were observed to be in the conserved region of RpsA and known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis C-terminal domain. In the current study, (2/7) mutation T370P (mutant 1) and W403G (mutant 2) were explored to ensure the RpsA resistance mechanism through essential dynamics simulation. The essential dynamics study results revealed that the distal loop mutations drastically altered the conformation of RpsA both in the absence () and presence (+) of pyrazinoic acid drug for two reasons: (1) dramatic alteration or reduction in the binding pattern of pyrazinoic acid with active site residues observed and (2) a clear image of the opening and closing switching mechanism was seen upon the distal site mutation on nearby 3(10)-helixes beside the pyrazinoic acid binding site. This switch was found to consistently remain closed only in wild type systems, while it was open in the mutant systems. We called such distance impact an allosteric effect. The overall mechanistic investigations will provide useful information behind drug resistance for better understanding to manage tuberculosis.

Product Details of 98-97-5. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Rehman, AU; Khan, MT; Liu, H; Wadood, A; Malik, SI; Chen, HF or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Experimental and theoretical approach to probe the aquatic speciation of transuranic (neptunyl) ion in presence of two omnipresent organic moieties WOS:000641584000123 published article about MONOCARBOXYLATE-N-OXIDES; PYRIDINE MONOCARBOXYLATES; COMPLEXES; PYRAZINES; THORIUM; NPO2+; PLUTONIUM; CHEMISTRY; EU(III); SPECTRA in [Dumpala, Rama Mohana Rao; Srivastava, Ashutosh; Rawat, Neetika] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Radiochem Div, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India in 2021, Cited 53. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Pyrazines are omnipresent in nature and have their occurrence in plants, microbes, food supplies, marine arenas. The present studies aimed at aquatic speciation of the neptunyl ion (NpO2+) with two pyrazine compounds namely pyrazine monocarboxylic acid (PMC) and pyrazine dicarboxylic acid (PDC). Absorption spectrophotometry was used to probe the stability, speciation and spectral properties for the complexation process. NpOO2+ forms a more stable complex with PMC than PDC for 1:1 (ML), while for 1:2 (ML2) the opposite trend is observed. The extent of shift in lambda(max), which is also an indicator for the strength of complexation, reflected similar trends for the complexation process. Isothermal titration calorimetry was employed to determine the enthalpies of complex formation, which is found to be endothermic. The complexation process is entropy driven. Linear free energy correlations were established to retrieve the coordination modes of the complexes. The variation in peak potentials (the cyclic voltammograms) with change in pH and metal to ligand ratio were explored to understand redox speciation, electron transfer kinetics and Eh-pH characteristics for the interaction of NpOO2+ with pyrazine carboxylate ligands. Density functional theory calculations were employed to optimize the geometries and to calculate the bond distances and partial charges on key atoms of the optimized geometries. The theoretical calculations helped to reveal the contributions from two different configurations of the same geometry towards the optical absorption. The bond distances and partial charges estimated theoretically helped to understand the aqueous interactions at the molecular level. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Dumpala, RMR; Srivastava, A; Rawat, N or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Authors Sahoo, T; Sarkar, S; Ghosh, SC in PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD published article about in [Sahoo, Tapan; Sarkar, Souvik; Ghosh, Subhash Chandra] Cent Salt & Marine Chem Res Inst CSIR CSMCRI, Nat Prod & Green Chem Div, GB Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; [Sahoo, Tapan; Ghosh, Subhash Chandra] Acad Sci & Innovat Res AcSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, India in 2021, Cited 50. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

A simple and facile copper(II) mediated protocol for C-8 amination of 1-naphthylamide derivatives is reported here. Picolinamide and its derivatives were used as a bidentate directing group for the C-8 amination reaction. Various substituted naphthylamide derivatives with numerous cyclic and acyclic amines proceed in good yields under mild conditions. Air was used solely as an oxidant. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Sahoo, T; Sarkar, S; Ghosh, SC or concate me.. Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2. Recently I am researching about AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; EQUILIBRIUM-CONSTANTS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; URANIUM(VI); CRYSTAL; ION; CHEMISTRY; LIGAND, Saw an article supported by the National Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11675156, 91326110, 21790372, 21822606]. Published in ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY in CAMBRIDGE ,Authors: Lv, LN; Chen, BH; Liu, J; Chen, J; Xu, C; Yang, YQ. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Complexation of U(vi) with pyridazine-3-carboxylate (PDZ) and pyrazine-2-carboxylate (PAZ) was studied by spectrophotometry, potentiometry and microcalorimetry in 1.0 mol dm(-3) NaClO4. Three complexes, [UO2L](+), UO2L2(aq) and [UO2L3](-), were identified and their stability constants (log) and the corresponding formation enthalpies were determined. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the formation of the three complexes is endothermic and driven exclusively by entropy. H-1 and C-13-NMR data provide insight into the coordination modes of the complexes which corroborate with the thermodynamic data. Ligands chelate to U(vi) via (2)(N,O) coordination mode in complexes [UO2L](+) and UO2L2(aq). The crystal structures of four U(vi) complexes, [(UO2)(PAZ)(2)(H2O)]H2O(i), [(UO2)(PDZ)(2)(H2O)](ii), [(UO2)(PDZ)(3)Na2ClO4]2H(2)O(iii), and [(UO2)(2)(PDZ)(4)(H2O)(2)]2H(2)O(iv), were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and compared with the U(vi) complex with picolinate (PA) (CH6N3)[UO2(PA)(3)] in the literature. The structure data suggest that the carboxylates coordinate with uranium in O?C-O-U mode. The strengths of the U-O-C-C-N chelate cycles in the U(vi)/L complexes decrease with the trend of PA > PDZ > PAZ, which is in great agreement with the trend of thermodynamic parameters in aqueous solutions. It is interesting that in compound II two PDZ molecules coordinate with U(vi) in cis-planar positions via (2)(N,O) mode, but in other metal complexes of the three ligands having the same (2)(N,O) coordination mode the two ligand molecules are all in trans-arrangement. In the dimeric complex IV, one ligand coordinate with U(vi) in (2)(N,O) mode, while the other does it in (2)-L-(2)(O:O) mode respectively.

About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Lv, LN; Chen, BH; Liu, J; Chen, J; Xu, C; Yang, YQ or concate me.. COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recently I am researching about ACID-DERIVATIVES; IN-VIVO, Saw an article supported by the Sapienza Funding. Published in ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER in ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX ,Authors: Pandolfi, F; D’Acierno, F; Bortolami, M; De Vita, D; Gallo, F; De Meo, A; Di Santo, R; Costi, R; Simonetti, G; Scipione, L. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2

Candida albicans biofilm represents a major clinical problem due to its intrinsic tolerance to anti-fungal compounds and it has been highly related to infections in catheterized patients. Few compounds are described as able to inhibit biofilm formation or to interfere with preformed biofilm of C. albicans. Here we report the in vitro evaluation of anti-biofilm activity on C albicans ATCC 10231 of a series of new and already known amine and amide indole derivatives. Among the studied compounds, fifteen resulted active on C albicans ATCC 10231 biofilm, with BMIC50 <= 16 mu g/mL. Three of them (7, 23 and 33) showed a selectivity towards mature biofilm and the most active of them was the compound 23 (BMIC50 = 4 mu g/mL). On the other hands, two different compounds (21 and 22) were selective towards biofilm formation with BMIC50 values of 8 mu g/mL Otherwise, compounds 16 and 17 resulted active on biofilm formation, with BMIC50 of 8 mu g/mL and 2 mu g/mL respectively, and on mature biofilm with BMIC50 of 2 mu g/mL. These two last compounds also showed an interesting activity towards the planktonic cells of C albicans. A selection of the more active compounds was also evaluated on different C albicans strains (PMC1042, PMC1083 and ATCC 10261), showing a comparable or higher anti-biofilm activity, especially on mature biofilm. In vivo toxicity studies using the Galleria mellonella larvae, were finally carried out on more active indole derivatives, showing that they are poorly toxic even at the highest concentrations tested (500-1000 mu g/mL). (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Pandolfi, F; D’Acierno, F; Bortolami, M; De Vita, D; Gallo, F; De Meo, A; Di Santo, R; Costi, R; Simonetti, G; Scipione, L or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem