Category: 6924-68-1

Assessment of the Physicochemical Properties and Stability for Pharmacokinetic Prediction of Pyrazinoic Acid Derivatives was written by Franchin, Taisa Busaranho;Ulian Silva, Bruna Cristina;DeGrandis, Rone Aparecido;Correa, Michelle Fidelis;Simoes de Queiroz Aranha, Cecilia Maria;S. Fernandes, Joao Paulo;Campos, Michel Leandro;Peccinini, Rosangela Goncalves. And the article was included in Current Drug Metabolism in 2020.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which still has high prevalence worldwide. In addition, cases of drug resistance are frequently observed In the search for new anti-TB drugs, compounds with antimycobacterial activity have been developed, such as derivatives of pyrazinoic acid, which is the main pyrazinamide metabolite. In a previous study, the compounds were evaluated and showed moderate antimycobacterial activity and no important cytotoxic profile; however, information about their pharmacokinetic profile is lacking. Objective: The aim of this work was to perform physicochem., permeability, and metabolic properties of four pyrazinoic acid esters. Method: The compounds were analyzed for their chem. stability, n-octanol:water partition coefficient (logP) and apparent permeability (Papp) in monolayer of Caco-2 cells. The stability of the compounds in rat and human microsomes and in rat plasma was also evaluated. Results: The compounds I, II and IV were found to be hydrophilic, while compound III was the most lipophilic (logP 1.59) compound The apparent permeability measured suggests good intestinal absorption of the compounds Addnl., the compounds showed metabolic stability under action of human and rat microsomal enzymes and stability in rat plasma for at least 6 h. Conclusion: The results bring favorable perspectives for the future development of the evaluated compounds and other pyrazinoic acid derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Category: pyrazines).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, 浼?hydroxyketone, 浼?methyl ketone. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Structural and solvent effects on alkaline hydrolysis of heterocyclic esters was written by Rao, G. Venkoba;Balakrishnan, M.;Venkatasubramanian, N.;Subramanian, P. V.;Subramanian, V.. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Chemistry in 1981.Reference of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

Saponification of the 3 isomeric Et pyridinecarboxylates (I–III), Et pyridine-2-acetate (IV), Et pyridine-3-acetate (V), Et pyrazinecarboxylate, Et furan-2-carboxylate, and Et thiophene-2-carboxylate, are examined in aqueous EtOH and DMSO-water media. The structural effects on the hydrolysis of I–III have been discussed in terms of aza 锜?values. The assumption of treating ring nitrogen as a ring substituent is truly valid. Structural effects vis-a-vis solvent effects on the hydrolysis of IV and V are discussed in detail. Application of Laidler-Landskroener equation to the saponification of these esters in aqueous EtOH is found to give normal values for the radius of the transition state. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Reference of 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Reference of 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Pyrazoles. 6. Synthesis of novel heteroaryl 4-pyrazolyl ketones was written by Hahn, Marianne;Heinisch, gottfried;Holzer, Wolfgang;Schwarz, Helga. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1991.Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Pyrazolyl ketones I (R = 2-, 3-, 4-pyridinyl, 3-, 4-pyridazinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-, 3-thienyl, 4-bromo-2-thienyl) were prepared by lithiation and condensation of 4-bromopyrazole with RCO₂Et or with RCHO (R = 2-, 3-thienyl, 4-bromo-2-thienyl) followed by oxidation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis and spectroscopic study of three new oxadiazole derivatives with detailed computational evaluation of their reactivity and pharmaceutical potential was written by Mary, Y. Sheena;Miniyar, Pankaj B.;Mary, Y. Shyma;Resmi, K. S.;Panicker, C. Yohannan;Armakovic, Stevan;Armakovic, Sanja J.;Thomas, Renjith;Sureshkumar, B.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2018.Synthetic Route of C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Local reactivity properties and potential for application in new pharmaceutical compounds have been addressed for the three newly synthesized oxadiazole derivatives 2-(5-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyrazine (ORTHONITRO), 2-(5-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyrazine (METANITRO) and 2-(5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyrazine (PARANITRO), by application of computational mol. modeling. Within the framework of d. functional theory (DFT) this study encompassed calculations of mol. electrostatic potential (MEP), average local ionization energies (ALIE) and bond dissociation energies for hydrogen abstraction (H-BDE). MD simulations have been used in order to assess the influence of water and to identify the atoms of these mols. with preference towards the interaction with water mols. Mol. docking procedure has been applied in order to check the binding activity of these derivatives against the Glucan endo-1.6-beta-glucosidase inhibitor, Acrocylindropepsin inhibitor and Chymosin inhibitor proteins. The pharmaceutical potential of these derivatives has been assessed by the calculations of the well-established drug likeness parameters. A strong out-of-plane CH mode of the Ph rings are observed at 769 cm^-1 for ORTHONITRO, 768 cm^-1 for METANITRO and at 848 cm^-1 for PARANITRO in the IR spectrum as expected for substituted benzenes. The VCD signals, corresponding to C=N and NO₂ modes of the title compounds are good markers for assigning of absolute configuration. In the title compounds, in ORTHONITRO, the oxadiazole ring is tilted from the Ph and pyrazine ring while for METANITRO and PARANITRO, there is a planar orientation. The first hyperpolariazabilities of ORTHONITRO, METANITRO and PARANITRO are resp., 34.83, 54.50 and 174.05 times that of urea. For all the compounds, HOMO is delocalized over the pyrazine and oxadiazole rings, while LUMO is delocalized over whole mol., except pyrazine ring of ORTHONITRO, over Ph ring and NO₂ group of METANITRO and in the entire mol. of PARANITRO. The title compounds are docked with the proteins, Glucan endo-1.6-beta-glucosidase inhibitor, Acrocylindropepsin inhibitor and Chymosin inhibitor and METANITRO exhibits more inhibitory activity against the receptors than the other ligands. The results obtained from anti-TB activity are more promising as the compounds were found to be more potent than reference standard, ORTHONITRO (MIC = 1.6 娓璯/mL), METANITRO (MIC = 0.8 娓璯/mL), PARANITRO (MIC = 1.6 娓璯/mL), streptomycin (MIC = 6.2 娓璯/mL) and pyrazinamide (MIC = 3.1 娓璯/mL). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Synthetic Route of C7H8N2O2).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Synthetic Route of C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Syntheses of pyrazines. I was written by Tsai, Songchuan;Chang, Zhangfu;Wang, Wingziang;Chang, Ming;Ji, Suping. And the article was included in Nanjing Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexue in 1984.Application of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

Six alkylpyrazines I (R = Me, Et; R¹ = Et, CHMe₂; R² = H, Me) were prepared by the cyclocondensation of H₂NCHR²CH₂NH₂ and RCOCOR¹, followed by catalytic dehydrogenation. Oxidation of I (R = Me, Et, R¹ = Et, R² = H, Me) with Na₂Cr₂O₇ and AcOH gave acetylpyrazines I (R = Me, Et, R¹ = Ac, R² = H, Me). 2-Acetylpyrazine was prepared by the cyclocondensation of o-C₆H₄(NH₂)₂ with glyoxal to give quinoxaline, then oxidation and decarboxylation to pyrazinecarboxylic acid, followed by esterification and Claisen condensation with AcOEt. All pyrazines prepared have unique aroma useful for food flavorings. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Application of 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Application of 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Metal-catalyzed oxidations. Part 6. Molybdenum-catalyzed olefin epoxidation: ligand effects was written by Thiel, Werner R.;Eppinger, Joerg. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 1997.Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

0E synthesized substituted pyrazolylpyridine ligands to examine their donor properties by spectroscopic (IR, NMR) and computational (AM1) methods. The influence of the substitution patterns on spectroscopic and thermodn. features of molybdenum oxobisperoxo complexes [(L-L)MoO(O₂)₂] [L-L = 2-(1-alkyl-3-pyrazolyl)pyridine/pyrazine] correlates with the activities of the complexes in catalytic olefin epoxidation reactions. This further proof for the relation between the Lewis acidity and the catalytic activity of epoxidation catalysts supports a reaction mechanism in which the peroxo complex activates the oxidizing agent (H₂O₂, ROOH) instead of directly transferring an oxygen atom from a 鐣?sup>2-peroxo ligand to the olefin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis, spectral characterization, dna interaction and anticancer evaluation of transition metal complexes of hydroxamic acid derivative was written by Hegde, Divya S.;Gudasi, Kalagouda B.. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2016.Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

A novel tetradentate chelating ligand, N閳?(1-(hydroxyamino)-1-oxopropan-2-ylidene)pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide and its Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, spectral (vibrational, electronic, ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR and Mass) and thermal studies. The interaction of ligand and complexes with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been extensively studied using absorption, emission, viscosity and thermal denaturation studies with E. coli DNA. The DNA cleavage ability of ligand and metal complexes was tested using plasmid pBR322 DNA by gel electrophoresis method. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells of different origin such as MCF-7, Mia-Pa-Ca-2 and DU-145 by using SRB(sulforhodamineB) assay. The copper and iron complex have shown better anticancer activity as compared to other compounds under study. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Infrared spectra of heterocyclic compounds. VIII. Infrared spectra of substituted pyrazines and their N-oxides was written by Shindo, Hideyo. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1960.Product Details of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

Previous correlations of infrared spectra and structures of pyridine derivatives (loc. cit.) were extended to the pyrazine (I) ring system to determine the effect of the 2nd ring N. The infrared spectra of I, its H₂N (II), Me, Cl (III), Ac (IV), NC (V), HO₂C, EtO₂C (VI), and H₂NOC (VII) derivatives, and their 10 N-oxide derivatives were analyzed. VII dehydrated with POCl₃ and submitted to the Hofmann rearrangement gave, resp., V, b₃₁ 109-10°, and II, m. 117-18°. POCl₃ on the N-oxide of I gave III, b₃₁ 62-3°. Ester condensation of VI, m. 52-3°, gave IV, m. 79-80°. Oxidation of I and its derivatives with perhydrol gave their corresponding N-oxides (VIII) (compound oxidized, m.p. of VIII given): I, mono-oxide m. 108°, di-oxide m. 260°; III, 96°; IV, 184°; V, 153°; VI, 147°; VII, 293°. The characteristic N-O stretching frequencies (strong absorption in the region of 1250 and 1350 cm.^-1) of all these compounds were correlated to the nature of a substituent present, and the linear relation between the N-O frequency and the σ-value of a substituent in substituted pyridine N-oxides could be extended to that in substituted pyrazine N-oxides by applying the σ-value of ring N (0.93) and the N-oxide group (0.25) toward 4-position of pyridine for N-mono- and N,N’-dioxides, resp. The considerably higher frequency shift of the N-O frequency was shown to be characteristic for the Me group at β-position with respect to the N-oxide group. Ring and ring CH vibrations were discussed on the basis of the correlations found in the pyridine ring system. The splitting of the CO stretching frequency of ester group adjacent to ring N was pointed out and discussed. The infrared spectra of pyrimidine N-oxide, its 4-Me, 4,6-(PhS)Me, 4,6(PhO)Me, 4,6-(EtO)Me, 4,6-(MeO)Me, 4,6-(PhCH₃O)Me, 2,6,4-Me₂ (PhCH₂O), and 4-morpholino-6-methyl derivatives were also examined and discussed in comparison with the above results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Product Details of 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Product Details of 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Whole-Molecule Calculation of Log P Based on Molar Volume, Hydrogen Bonds, and Simulated ¹³C NMR Spectra was written by Schnackenberg, Laura K.;Beger, Richard D.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling in 2005.Product Details of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

The prediction of Log P is usually accomplished using either substructure or whole-mol. approaches. However, these methods are complicated, and previous whole-mol. approaches have not been successful for the prediction of Log P in very complex mols. The observed chem. shifts in NMR spectroscopy are related to the electrostatics at the nucleus, which are influenced by solute-solvent interactions. The different solvation effects on a mol. by either water or methanol have a strong effect on the NMR chem. shift value. Therefore, the chem. shift values observed in an aqueous and organic solvent should correlate to Log P. This paper develops a rapid, objective model of Log P based on molar volume, hydrogen bonds, and differences in calculated ¹³C NMR chem. shifts for a diverse set of compounds A partial least squares (PLS) model of Log P built on the sum of carbon chem. shift differences in water and methanol, molar volume, number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in 162 diverse compounds gave an r² value of 0.88. The average r² for 10 training models of Log P made from 90% of the data was 0.87±0.01. The average q² for 10 leave-10%-out cross-validation test sets was 0.87±0.05. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Product Details of 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Product Details of 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Novel coumarin-isatin hybrids as potent antileishmanial agents: Synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluations was written by Khatoon, Saira;Aroosh, Aiman;Islam, Arshad;Kalsoom, Saima;Ahmad, Faisal;Hameed, Shahid;Abbasi, Sumra Wajid;Yasinzai, Masoom;Naseer, Muhammad Moazzam. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

The synthesis, in silico, and in vitro evaluations of novel coumarin-incorporated isatin hydrazones I (R = C₆H₅, 4-pyridyl, pyrazin-2-yl, etc.; n = 0, 1) as highly potent and safe antileishmanial agents has been described. Mol. docking was initially carried out to decipher the binding confirmation of lead mols. towards the active cavity of the target protein (Leishmanolysin gp63) of Leishmania tropica. Among all the docked compounds, only I (R = 3-CH₃C₆H₄, 4-H₂NC₆H₄, 4-pyridyl; n = 0) showed high binding affinities due to a pattern of strong conventional hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic π-interactions. The mol. dynamics simulations showed the stable pattern of such bonding and structure-based confirmation with a time scale of 50 ns towards the top compound I (R = 4-pyridyl; n = 0) and protein. These analyses affirmed the high stability of the system. Three out of ten compounds evaluated for their antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigotes and amastigotes were found to be active at micromolar concentrations (IC₅₀ range 0.1-4.13μmol/L), and most importantly, they were also found to be highly biocompatible when screened for their toxicity in human erythrocytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Recommanded Product: Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Recommanded Product: Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem