Category: 55779-48-1

Ishimoto, Tetsuya; Okada, Takuya; Fujisaka, Shiho; Yagi, Kunimasa; Tobe, Kazuyuki; Toyooka, Naoki; Mori, Hisashi published an article in 2022, the title of the article was A New Method for Albuminuria Measurement Using a Specific Reaction between Albumin and the Luciferin of the Firefly Squid Watasenia scintillans.Application In Synthesis of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one And the article contains the following content:

This study demonstrates that the luciferin of the firefly squid Watasenia scintillans, which generally reacts with Watasenia luciferase, reacted with human albumin to emit light in proportion to the albumin concentration The luminescence showed a peak wavelength at 540 nm and was eliminated by heat or protease treatment. We used urine samples collected from patients with diabetes to quantify urinary albumin concentration, which is essential for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Consequently, we were able to measure urinary albumin concentrations by precipitating urinary proteins with acetone before the reaction with luciferin. A correlation was found with the result of the immunoturbidimetric method; however, the Watasenia luciferin method tended to produce lower albumin concentrations This may be because the Watasenia luciferin reacts with only intact albumin. Therefore, the quantification method using Watasenia luciferin is a new principle of urinary albumin measurement that differs from already established methods such as immunoturbidimetry and high-performance liquid chromatog. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Application In Synthesis of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

The Article related to watasenia albuminuria albumin luciferin immunoturbidimetry bioluminescence, watasenia scintillans, albumin, bioluminescence, diabetic nephropathy, luciferin, urine, Biochemical Methods: Other (Not Covered At Other Subsections) and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Feno, Simona; Di Marco, Giulia; De Mario, Agnese; Monticelli, Halenya; Reane, Denis Vecellio published an article in 2019, the title of the article was High-throughput screening using photoluminescence probe to measure intracellular calcium levels.Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1 And the article contains the following content:

Aequorin, a 22 kDa protein produced by the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, was the first probe used to measure Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]) of specific intracellular organelles in intact cells. After the binding of Ca2+ to three high-affinity binding sites, an irreversible reaction occurs leading to the emission of photons that is proportional to [Ca2+]. While native aequorin is suitable for measuring cytosolic [Ca2+] after cell stimulation in a range from 0.5 to 10, it cannot be used in organelles where [Ca2+] is much higher, such as in the lumen of endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) and mitochondria. However, some modifications made on aequorin itself or on coelenterazine, its lipophilic prosthetic luminophore, and the addition of targeting sequences or the fusion with resident proteins allowed the specific organelle localization and the measurements of intra-organelle Ca2+ levels. In the last years, the development of multiwell plate readers has opened the possibility to perform aequorin-based high-throughput screenings and has overcome some limitation of the standard method. Here we present the procedure for expressing, targeting, and reconstituting aequorin in intact cells and for measuring Ca2+ in the bulk cytosol, mitochondria, and ER by a high-throughput screening system. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1

The Article related to calcium cytosol mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum photoluminescence probe, aequorin, calcium, calcium probes, cytosol, er, high-throughput screening, mitochondria, Biochemical Methods: Other (Not Covered At Other Subsections) and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On November 30, 2020, Krasitskaya, V. V.; Bashmakova, E. E.; Kudryavtsev, A. N.; Vorobjeva, M. A.; Shatunova, E. A.; Frank, L. A. published an article.Category: pyrazines The title of the article was The Hybrid Protein ZZ-OL as an Analytical Tool for Biotechnology Research. And the article contained the following:

Abstract: The gene of the hybrid protein that encodes the double synthetic fragment proZZ of the Ig-binding domain of protein A of Staphylococcus aureus and apo-obelin joined by a short linker has been cloned. The corresponding hybrid protein has been obtained by expression in Escherichia coli cells. The protein activated with a substrate (coelenterazine) possesses the bioluminescent Ca2+-dependent activity of the photoprotein close to that of recombinant wild-type obelin, and the Ig-binding ability of protein A. It has been shown that the hybrid can be used as a highly sensitive label to detect antibodies and estimate their affinity and interaction with recombinant proteins, as well as in investigations of other kinds. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Category: pyrazines

The Article related to staphylococcus escherichia hybrid protein zz ol biotechnol research, Biochemical Methods: Other (Not Covered At Other Subsections) and other aspects.Category: pyrazines

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On December 31, 2020, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Ismael; Kalafut, Joanna; Czerwonka, Arkadiusz; Rivero-Muller, Adolfo published an article.Application In Synthesis of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one The title of the article was A novel bioassay for quantification of surface Cannabinoid receptor 1 expression. And the article contained the following:

The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) plays critical roles in multiple physiol. processes such as pain perception, brain development and body temperature regulation. Mutations on this gene (CNR1), results in altered functionality and/or biosynthesis such as reduced membrane expression, changes in mRNA stability or changes in downstream signaling that act as triggers for diseases such as obesity, Parkinson, Huntington, among others; thus, it is considered as a potential pharmacol. target. To date, multiple quantification methods have been employed to determine how these mutations affect receptor expression and localization; however, they present serious disadvantages that may arise quantifying errors. Here, we describe a sensitive bioassay to quantify receptor surface expression; in this bioassay the Gaussia Luciferase (GLuc) was fused to the extracellular portion of the CB1. The GLuc activity was assessed by coelenterazine addition to the medium followed by immediate readout. Based on GLuc activity assay, we show that the GLuc signals corelate with CB1 localization, besides, we showed the assay functionality and reliability by comparing its results with those generated by previously reported mutations on the CNR1 gene and by using flow cytometry to determine the cell surface receptor expression. Detection of membrane-bound CB1, and potentially other GPCRs, is able to quickly screen for receptor levels and help to understand the effect of clin. relevant mutations or polymorphisms. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Application In Synthesis of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

The Article related to cnr1 surface receptor luciferase mutation bioassay, Biochemical Methods: Other (Not Covered At Other Subsections) and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Larionova, Marina D.; Markova, Svetlana V.; Tikunova, Nina V.; Vysotski, Eugene S. published an article in 2020, the title of the article was The smallest isoform of Metridia longa luciferase as a fusion partner for hybrid proteins.Electric Literature of 55779-48-1 And the article contains the following content:

Bioluminescent proteins are widely used as reporter mols. in various in vitro and in vivo assays. The smallest isoform of Metridia luciferase (MLuc7) is a highly active, naturally secreted enzyme which, along with other luciferase isoforms, is responsible for the bright bioluminescence of marine copepod Metridia longa. In this study, we report the construction of two variants of a hybrid protein consisting of MLuc7 and 14D5a single-chain antibody to the surface glycoprotein E of tick-borne encephalitis virus as a model fusion partner. We demonstrate that, whereas fusion of a single-chain antibody to either N- or C-terminus of MLuc7 does not affect its bioluminescence properties, the binding site on the single-chain antibody influences its binding capacity. The affinity of 14D5a-MLuc7 hybrid protein (KD = 36.2 nM) where the C-terminus of the single-chain antibody was fused to the N-terminus of MLuc7, appeared to be 2.5-fold higher than that of the reverse, MLuc7-14D5a (KD = 87.6 nM). The detection limit of 14D5a-MLuc7 hybrid protein was estimated to be 45 pg of the recombinant glycoprotein E. Although the smallest isoform of M. longa luciferase was tested as a fusion partner only with a single-chain antibody, it is reasonable to suppose that MLuc7 can also be successfully used as a partner for genetic fusion with other proteins. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Electric Literature of 55779-48-1

The Article related to metridia longa luciferase fusion hybrid protein, bioluminescence, coelenterazine, copepod luciferase, immunoassay, single-chain antibody, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Nonmammalian Biochemistry: Classical Genetics and Phylogeny and other aspects.Electric Literature of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Vicente, Manuel; Salgado-Almario, Jussep; Collins, Michelle M.; Martinez-Sielva, Antonio; Minoshima, Masafumi; Kikuchi, Kazuya; Domingo, Beatriz; Llopis, Juan published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Cardioluminescence in Transgenic Zebrafish Larvae: A Calcium Imaging Tool to Study Drug Effects and Pathological Modeling.Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1 And the article contains the following content:

Zebrafish embryos and larvae have emerged as an excellent model in cardiovascular research and are amenable to live imaging with genetically encoded biosensors to study cardiac cell behaviors, including calcium dynamics. To monitor calcium ion levels in three to five days post-fertilization larvae, we have used bioluminescence. We generated a transgenic line expressing GFP-aequorin in the heart, Tg(myl7:GA), and optimized a reconstitution protocol to boost aequorin luminescence. The analog diacetylh-coelenterazine enhanced light output and signal-to-noise ratio. With this cardioluminescence model, we imaged the time-averaged calcium levels and beat-to-beat calcium oscillations continuously for hours. As a proof-of-concept of the transgenic line, changes in ventricular calcium levels were observed by Bay K8644, an L-type calcium channel activator and with the blocker nifedipine. The β-adrenergic blocker propranolol decreased calcium levels, heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output, suggesting that larvae have a basal adrenergic tone. Zebrafish larvae treated with terfenadine for 24 h have been proposed as a model of heart failure. Tg(myl7:GA) larvae treated with terfenadine showed bradycardia, 2:1 atrioventricular block, decreased time-averaged ventricular calcium levels but increased calcium transient amplitude, and reduced cardiac output. As alterations of calcium signalling are involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmia, the GFP-aequorin transgenic line provides a powerful platform for understanding calcium dynamics. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1

The Article related to zebrafish calcium aequorin coelenterazine heart failure imaging, aequorin, calcium, coelenterazine, heart, heart failure, imaging, zebrafish, Nonmammalian Biochemistry: Classical Genetics and Phylogeny and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On December 31, 2021, Choi, Sunju; Matta, Hittu; Gopalakrishnan, Ramakrishnan; Natarajan, Venkatesh; Gong, Songjie; Jeronimo, Alberto; Kuo, Wei-Ying; Bravo, Bryant; Chaudhary, Preet M. published an article.COA of Formula: C26H21N3O3 The title of the article was A novel thermostable beetle luciferase based cytotoxicity assay. And the article contained the following:

Cytotoxicity assays are essential for the testing and development of novel immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer. We recently described a novel cytotoxicity assay, termed the Matador assay, which was based on marine luciferases and their engineered derivatives In this study, we describe the development of a new cytotoxicity assay termed ‘Matador-Glo assay’ which takes advantage of a thermostable variant of Click Beetle Luciferase (Luc146-1H2). Matador-Glo assay utilizes Luc146-1H2 and D-luciferin as the luciferase-substrate pair for luminescence detection. The assay involves ectopic over-expression of Luc146-1H2 in the cytosol of target cells of interest. Upon damage to the membrane integrity, the Luc146-1H2 is either released from the dead and dying cells or its activity is preferentially measured in dead and dying cells. We demonstrate that this assay is simple, fast, specific, sensitive, cost-efficient, and not labor-intensive. We further demonstrate that the Matador-Glo assay can be combined with the marine luciferase-based Matador assay to develop a dual luciferase assay for cell death detection. Finally, we demonstrate that the Luc146-1H2 expressing target cells can also be used for in vivo bioluminescence imaging applications. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).COA of Formula: C26H21N3O3

The Article related to luciferase thermostability isolation beetle anticancer agent cytotoxicity, Pharmacology: Effects Of Neoplasm Inhibitors and Cytotoxic Agents and other aspects.COA of Formula: C26H21N3O3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Sepehrirad, Shahrzad; Amanlou, Arash; Bagherzadeh, Kowsar; Azizian, Homa; Amanlou, Massoud published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Library-based lead compound discovery for CS-1 protein in multiple myeloma: homology modelling, molecular dynamic simulations, virtual screening and molecular docking.Quality Control of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one And the article contains the following content:

The signaling lymphocytic activation mol. F7 (CS-1) enables the selective killing of the myeloma cells with minimal side effects on the healthy tissue. In this study, we have modelled the 3D structure of CS-1 followed by performing mol. dynamic simulations. To develop a potential CS-1 modulator, a virtual screening of the ‘Bioactive Compound Database’was conducted. The screening results have given three interacting regions. The best representative structure of each class and mode of action were revealed. Our study suggests compounds ICG-001, Avanafil, and BPTES, as novel drug candidates at the CS-1 protein target. The mol. dynamic simulation study reveals that the resulted compounds provide different binding patterns over the CS-1 Ig-like V-type domain in which Avanafil and BPTES provide stable interactions with their binding environment located at the bc-hi loops clefts and bc-fg loops clefts, resp. In contrast, compound ICG-001 shows more flexible and transient non-binding interaction due to the vast binding region over β-sheet strands consisting of H, C and D during the simulation timeline. We conclude that the identified compounds seem to be the best candidates to design a series of new compounds with the ability to bind to CS-1 with potential binding activity to its target. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Quality Control of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

The Article related to lead protein multiple myeloma mol docking simulation virtual screening, cs protein multiple myeloma mol docking simulation virtual screening, Pharmacology: Effects Of Neoplasm Inhibitors and Cytotoxic Agents and other aspects.Quality Control of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On December 18, 2020, Bessho-Uehara, Manabu; Huang, Wentao; Patry, Wyatt L.; Browne, William E.; Weng, Jing-Ke; Haddock, Steven H. D. published an article.Formula: C26H21N3O3 The title of the article was Evidence for de novo Biosynthesis of the Luminous Substrate Coelenterazine in Ctenophores. And the article contained the following:

Coelenterazine is a key substrate involved in marine bioluminescence which is used for light-production by at least nine phyla. Some luminous animals, such as the hydromedusa Aequorea, lack the ability to produce coelenterazine endogenously and instead depend on dietary sources. Little is known about the source organisms or the metabolic process of coelenterazine biosynthesis. Here, we present evidence that ctenophores are both producers and suppliers of coelenterazine in marine ecosystems. Using biochem. assays and mass spectrometry analyses, we detected coelenterazine from cultured ctenophores fed with a non-luminous coelenterazine-free diet. We propose that ctenophores are an emerging model organism to study coelenterazine biosynthesis and the origins of bioluminescence. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Formula: C26H21N3O3

The Article related to beroe mnemiopsis bolinopsis pleurobrachia coelenterazine bioluminescence, biomolecules, biosynthesis, evolutionary developmental biology, evolutionary history, Microbial, Algal, and Fungal Biochemistry: Composition and Products and other aspects.Formula: C26H21N3O3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On March 27, 2019, Smith, Eric L.; Harrington, Kim; Staehr, Mette; Masakayan, Reed; Jones, Jon; Long, Thomas J.; Ng, Khong Y.; Ghoddusi, Maj; Purdon, Terence J.; Wang, Xiuyan; Do, Trevor; Pham, Minh Thu; Brown, Jessica M.; De Larrea, Carlos Fernandez; Olson, Eric; Peguero, Elizabeth; Wang, Pei; Liu, Hong; Xu, Yiyang; Garrett-Thomson, Sarah C.; Almo, Steven C.; Wendel, Hans-Guo; Riviere, Isabelle; Liu, Cheng; Sather, Blythe; Brentjens, Renier J. published an article.Application of 55779-48-1 The title of the article was GPRC5D is a target for the immunotherapy of multiple myeloma with rationally designed CAR T cells. And the article contained the following:

The orphan G protein-coupled receptor, class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), normally expressed only in the hair follicle, was previously identified as expressed by mRNA in marrow aspirates from patients with MM, but confirmation of protein expression remained elusive. Using quant. immunofluorescence, we determined that GPRC5D protein is expressed on CD138+ MM cells from primary marrow samples with a distribution that was similar to, but independent of, BCMA. Panning a human B cell-derived phage display library identified seven GPRC5D-specific single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). Incorporation of these into multiple CAR formats yielded 42 different constructs, which were screened for antigen-specific and antigen-independent (tonic) signaling using a Nur77-based reporter system. Nur77 reporter screen results were confirmed in vivo using a marrow-tropic MM xenograft in mice. CAR T cells incorporating GPRC5D-targeted scFv clone 109 eradicated MM and enabled long-term survival, including in a BCMA antigen escape model. GPRC5D(109) is specific for GPRC5D and resulted in MM cell line and primary MM cytotoxicity, cytokine release, and in vivo activity comparable to anti-BCMA CAR T cells. Murine and cynomolgus cross-reactive CAR T cells did not cause alopecia or other signs of GPRC5D-mediated toxicity in these species. Thus, GPRC5D(109) CAR T cell therapy shows potential for the treatment of advanced MM irresp. of previous BCMA-targeted therapy. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Application of 55779-48-1

The Article related to multiple myeloma chimeric antigen receptor t cell gprc5d, Immunochemistry: Other (Immunity, Immune Suppression, Tolerance, etc.) and other aspects.Application of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem