Category: 2873-36-1

Ma, Haoran; Wang, Fuqian; Jin, Xiaoqi; Jiang, Jie; Hu, Song; Cheng, Lu; Zhang, Geng published the artcile< A new diketopiperazine from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus aculeatus F027>, Computed Properties of 2873-36-1, the main research area is diketopiperazine isolation structure Aspergillus; Aspergillus aculeatus ; diketopiperazine; endophytic fungus.

A new diketopiperazine cyclo-(L-Phe-N-ethyl-L-Glu), along with 2 known diketopiperazines cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu) and cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) were isolated from the cultures of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus aculeatus F027. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. The configurations of these compounds were determined by advanced Marfey’s anal. Antibacterial activity of the diketopiperazines against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also evaluated.

Natural Product Research published new progress about Aspergillus aculeatus. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Computed Properties of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Zhao, Lijun; Duan, Feixia; Gong, Meng; Tian, Xue; Guo, Yan; Jia, Lirong; Deng, Sha published the artcile< (+)-Terpinen-4-ol Inhibits Bacillus cereus Biofilm Formation by Upregulating the Interspecies Quorum Sensing Signals Diketopiperazines and Diffusing Signaling Factors>, Related Products of 2873-36-1, the main research area is Bacillus biofilm formation terpinenol quorum sensing diketopiperazine; Bacillus cereus; EPS synthesis; biofilm inhibition; diffusing signaling factor; diketopiperazine; monocyclic monoterpenoids; quorum sensing; rpfB.

Bacillus cereus is a Gram-pos. endospore-forming foodborne pathogen that causes lethal food poisoning and significant economic losses, usually through biofilm- and endospore-induced recurrent cross- and postprocessing contamination. Due to the lack of critical inhibitory targets and control strategies, B. cereus biofilm contamination is a problem that urgently needs a solution In this study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of several natural potential bacterial quorum sensing (QS) interferers, a group of spice-originated monoterpenoids, were screened, and terpinen-4-ol effectively inhibited B. cereus growth and biofilm and spore germination with min. growth inhibition and 50% biofilm inhibitory concentrations of 8 and 2μmol/mL, resp. FESEM/CLSM and phenotypic research illustrated that in addition to a decrease in the number of attached B. cereus cells, (+)-terpinen-4-ol also obviously reduced extracellular matrix synthesis, especially exopolysaccharides, and inhibited the swarming motility and protease activity of B. cereus. (+)-Terpinen-4-ol did not exert a significant effect on AI-2 signals in B. cereus. Accordingly, the B. cereus-produced interspecies QS signals diffusing signal factors (DSFs, C8-C15) and diketopiperazines (DKPs) were detected and identified here, which suppressed B. cereus biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner. (+)-Terpinen-4-ol significantly increased the levels of specific DSF and DKP signals in B. cereus and down-regulated the gene expression of some rpfB homologues in transcription level. Moreover, both DKPs and DSFs inhibited swarming motility and protease activity in B. cereus, while just the DSF signals 2-dodecenoic acid and 11-methyl-2-dodecenoic acid inhibited exopolysaccharide synthesis like (+)-terpinen-4-ol. In summary, B. cereus strains were found to produce nine DSF- and six DKP-type QS signaling mols., which repressed B. cereus biofilm formation. (+)-Terpinen-4-ol was confirmed to be a promising antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against B. cereus upregulating DSFs and DKPs levels, and it could target the critical genes rpfB for DSFs turnover.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry published new progress about Antibacterial agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Related Products of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Kgk, Deepak; Kumari, Seema; G, Shailender; Malla, Rama Rao published the artcile< Marine natural compound cyclo(L-leucyl-L-prolyl) peptide inhibits migration of triple negative breast cancer cells by disrupting interaction of CD151 and EGFR signaling>, Name: (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, the main research area is cycloleucyl prolyl peptide EGFR signaling breast cancer antitumor agent; Antiproliferative; Apoptosis; Cell cycle; Cytotoxicity; Migration and TNBC.

Cyclo (L-Leucyl-L-Prolyl) peptide/CLP is a marine natural metabolite and well recognized as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent with limited studies on anticancer activity. The current study aims to determine the effect of CLP on migration and growth of triple neg. breast cancer cell lines. The anti-growth potential was evaluated by MTT, BrdU and TUNEL assays; DNA damage by γH2AX and Dead green assays; antimigration activity by Boyden chamber invasion and wound healing assays. Interaction of CLP with CD151 was resolved by PatchDock. Effect of CLP on the expression of transmembrane CD151 was evaluated by cell-based ELISA assay. The interaction between CD151 and EGFR was predicted by using FireDoc Web server. Impact of CLP on the interaction of CD151 with EGFR was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation assay. The effect of CLP on the cell cycle and its controlling proteins was determined by Western blotting. CLP reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines but not human breast healthy epithelial cell line (MCF-12A) similar to eribulin, standard CLP also inhibited proliferation; cell cycle and migration. It induced DNA strand breaks, DNA damage, and cell death. It showed the most favorable interactions with CD151 in in silico docking and significantly reduced the expression of membrane-bound CD151 proteins. FireDoc Web study predicted the association between CD151 and EGFR with -29.13 kcal/mol of binding energy. CLP reduced the interaction of CD151 with EGFR along with the expression of cyclin D, CDK4, PAK, RAC1, and P27kiP1. This study concludes that CLP suppresses growth and migration by attenuating cell cycle of TNBC cell lines via EGFR and CD151 signaling. Thus, exploring the EGFR and CD151 signaling pathway targeted by CLP may provide a new approach in the treatment of TNBC.

Chemico-Biological Interactions published new progress about Antitumor agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Name: (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Gonzalez-Dominguez, Raul; Urpi-Sarda, Mireia; Jauregui, Olga; Needs, Paul W.; Kroon, Paul A.; Andres-Lacueva, Cristina published the artcile< Quantitative Dietary Fingerprinting (QDF)-A Novel Tool for Comprehensive Dietary Assessment Based on Urinary Nutrimetabolomics>, Recommanded Product: (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, the main research area is quant dietary fingerprinting urine nutrimetabolomics; dietary assessment; quantitative dietary fingerprinting (QDF); targeted metabolomics; ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry; urine.

Accurate dietary assessment is a challenge in nutritional research, needing powerful and robust tools for reliable measurement of food intake biomarkers. In this work, we have developed a novel quant. dietary fingerprinting (QDF) approach, which enables for the first time the simultaneous quantitation of about 350 urinary food-derived metabolites, including (poly)phenolic aglycons, phase II metabolites, and microbial-transformed compounds, as well as other compounds (e.g., glucosinolates, amino acid derivatives, methylxanthines, alkaloids, and markers of alc. and tobacco consumption). This method was fully validated for 220 metabolites, yielding good linearity, high sensitivity and precision, accurate recovery rates, and negligible matrix effects. Furthermore, 127 addnl. phase II metabolites were also included in this method after identification in urines collected from acute dietary interventions with various foods. Thus, this metabolomic approach represents one-step further toward precision nutrition and the objective of improving the accurateness and comprehensiveness in the assessment of dietary patterns and lifestyles.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry published new progress about Apple. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Recommanded Product: (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Georgousaki, Katerina; Tsafantakis, Nikolaos; Gumeni, Sentiljana; Gonzalez, Ignacio; MacKenzie, Thomas Andrew; Reyes, Fernando; Lambert, Carole; Trougakos, Ioannis P.; Genilloud, Olga; Fokialakis, Nikolas published the artcile< Screening for tyrosinase inhibitors from actinomycetes; identification of trichostatin derivatives from Streptomyces sp. CA-129531 and scale up production in bioreactor>, Formula: C11H18N2O2, the main research area is Streptomyces trichostatin derivative tyrosinase inhibitors fermentation; Bioreactor; Enzyme kinetics studies; Secondary metabolites, Streptomyces sp.; Trichostatin derivatives; Tyrosinase inhibitors.

In the course of a primary screening of 614 microbial actinomycete extracts for the discovery of tyrosinase inhibitors, the EtOAc extract of the fermentation broth of the strain Streptomyces sp. CA-129531 isolated from a Martinique sample, exhibited in cell free and cell-based assays the most promising activity (IC50 value of 63 μg/mL). Scaled-up production in a bioreactor led to the isolation of one new trichostatic acid analog, namely trichostatic acid B (1), along with six known trichostatin derivatives (2-7), four diketopiperazines (8-11), two butyrolactones (12-13) and one hydroxamic acid siderophore (14). Among them, trichostatin A (4) showed a Ki value of 6.1 μM and six times stronger anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 2.18 μΜ) than kojic acid (IC50 14.07 μΜ) used as a pos. control. Deoxytrichostatin A (6) displayed also strong inhibitory activity against tyrosinase (IC50 19.18 μΜ). Trichostatin A production in bioreactor started together with the exponential phase of growth (day 4) and the maximum concentration was reached at day 9 (2.67 ± 0.13 μg/mL). Despite the cytotoxicity of some individual components, the EtOAc extract showed no cytotoxic effect on HepG2, A2058, A549, MCF-7 and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines, (IC50 >2.84 mg/mL) and against BG fibroblasts at the concentrations where the whitening effect was exerted, reassuring its safety and great tyrosinase inhibitory potential.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about Fermentation. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Formula: C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Xiang, Wen-Xin; Liu, Qing; Li, Xiao-Man; Lu, Chun-Hua; Shen, Yue-Mao published the artcile< Four pairs of proline-containing cyclic dipeptides from Nocardiopsis sp. HT88, an endophytic bacterium of Mallotus nudiflorus L>, Application of C11H18N2O2, the main research area is cyclic dipeptide isolation structure activity Nocardiopsis; Mallotus nudiflorus (L.) Kulju & Welzen; Nocardiopsis sp. HT88; dd-diketopiperazines; proline (or hydroxyproline)-containing cyclic dipeptides.

Strain HT88 was isolated from the fresh stems of Mallotus nudiflorus, and it was identified as Nocardiopsis sp. by analyzing its morphol. and the 16S rRNA sequence. The extracts of fermented HT88 showed potent antimicrobial activities. Bioassay guided separation of extracts led to 8 proline (or hydroxyproline, Hyp)-containing cyclic dipeptides. Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry and further comparison with existing 1H and 13C NMR, m.ps. and sp. rotation data. The 8 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs) were identified as cyclo(L-Pro-L-Leu), cyclo(Pro-Leu), cyclo(L-trans-Hyp-L-Leu), cyclo(D-trans-Hyp-D-Leu), and cyclo(D-Pro-L-Phe), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe) and cyclo(D-cis-Hyp-L-Phe), cyclo(L-trans-Hyp-L-Phe). Up to date, this is the 1st isolation of 4 pairs of proline-based DKPs from Nocardiopsis sp.

Natural Product Research published new progress about Antibacterial agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Application of C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Begum Ahil, Sajeli; Hira, Kirti; Shaik, Ameer Basha; Pal, Pragya Paramita; Kulkarni, Onkar Prakash; Araya, Hiroshi; Fujimoto, Yoshinori published the artcile< L-Proline-based-cyclic dipeptides from Pseudomonas sp. (ABS-36) inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviate crystal-induced renal injury in mice>, SDS of cas: 2873-36-1, the main research area is sequence Pseudomonas proline cyclic dipeptide renal injury proinflammatory cytokine; Cyclic dipeptides; Cyclo(Val-Pro); IL-1β; IL-6; Oxalate-induced nephropathy; Pseudomonas; Renal inflammation; TNF-α.

Study on the constituents of bioactive culture broth extract (CBE) of Pseudomonas sp. (ABS-36) explored the secretion of an array of cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) and twenty of them had been isolated and reported in the present paper. Six major CDPs [cyclo(Leu-Pro) (1), cyclo(Val-Pro) (2), cyclo(Leu-hydroxy-Pro) (9), cyclo(Pro-Tyr) (10), cyclo(Pro-Ala) (11) and cyclo(Gly-Pro) (12)] exhibited pan cytokine inhibition effect by inhibiting key pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 tested under various cell based assays. With this background, the effect of these six CDPs in treating renal inflammation was screened using crystal-induced nephropathy model in mice at 50 mg/kg body weight through oral administration. cis-Cyclo(Val-Pro) (2) exhibited 57% inhibition of plasma IL-1β protein expression and 35.2% inhibition of elevated blood urea nitrogen. Further, cis-cyclo(Val-Pro) (2) attenuated renal injury as demonstrated by significant reduction of mRNA expressions of IL-1β (P < 0.01) and kidney injury marker-1 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, evaluation of tubular-necrosis, -dilation and -cast in the histol. sections exhibited moderate protection of renal tissues by cis-cyclo(Val-Pro) (2). All the tested CDPs reduced the nitrite production and were interestingly non-cytotoxic. The isolated fluorescing bacterial strain was identified as Pseudomonas species by comparison of 16S rDNA sequence and registered as ABS-36 strain GenBank Accession Number KT625586. International Immunopharmacology published new progress about 16S rRNA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, SDS of cas: 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Lv, Zhen-Cheng; Zhou, Xiang-Lu; Yan, Jia-Hui; Peng, Yong-Hong; Xu, Liang-Xiong published the artcile< Secondary Metabolites and Antifungal Activity of the Endophytic Fungus Streptomyces humidus SCB0232 from Water Chestnut>, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1, the main research area is Streptomyces extract antifungal agent Fusarium.

A new macrolide, named concanamycin H (1), together with 12 known compounds (2-13), was isolated from the endophytic Streptomyces humidus SCB0232 for the first time. Compounds 1-13 were identified by anal. of spectroscopic data. Compounds trienomycin A (2) and trienomycin E (3) exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against Fusarium verticillioides and Phytophthora infestans with IC50 values ranging from 32.64 to 72.35 μg·mL-1.

Chemistry of Natural Compounds published new progress about Fungicides. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Parasuraman, Paramanantham; Devadatha, B.; Sarma, V. Venkateswara; Ranganathan, Sampathkumar; Ampasala, Dinakara Rao; Reddy, Dhanasekhar; Kumavath, Ranjith; Kim, In-Won; Patel, Sanjay K. S.; Kalia, Vipin Chandra; Lee, Jung-Kul; Siddhardha, Busi published the artcile< Inhibition of microbial quorum sensing mediated virulence factors by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana>, Formula: C11H18N2O2, the main research area is sequence Pestalotiopsis extract virulence factor quorum sensing inhibitor antipathogenic; Pestalotiopsis sydowiana; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; anti-biofilm; anti-quorum sensing; gene expression; in silico.

Quorum sensing (QS)-mediated infections cause severe diseases in human beings. The control of infectious diseases by inhibiting QS using antipathogenic drugs is a promising approach as antibiotics are proving inefficient in treating these diseases. Marine fungal (Pestalotiopsis sydowiana PPR) extract was found to possess effective antipathogenic characteristics. The min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal extract against test pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was 1,000 μg/mL. Sub-MIC concentrations (250 and 500 μg/mL) of fungal extract reduced QSregulated virulence phenotypes such as the production of pyocyanin, chitinase, protease, elastase, and staphylolytic activity in P. aeruginosa PAO1 by 84.15%, 73.15%, 67.37%, 62.37%, and 33.65%, resp. Moreover, it also reduced the production of exopolysaccharides (74.99%), rhamnolipids (68.01%), and alginate (54.98%), and inhibited the biofilm formation of the bacteria by 90.54%. In silico anal. revealed that the metabolite of P. sydowiana PPR binds to the bacterial QS receptor proteins (LasR and RhlR) similar to their resp. natural signaling mols. Cyclo(- Leu-Pro) (CLP) and 4-Hydroxyphenylacetamide (4-HPA) were identified as potent bioactive compounds among the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR using in silico approaches. The MIC values of CLP and 4-HPA against P. aeruginosa PAO1 were determined as 250 and 125 μg/mL, resp. All the antivirulence assays were conducted at sub-MIC concentrations of CLP (125 μg/mL) and 4-HPA (62.5 μg/mL), which resulted in marked reduction in all the investigated virulence factors. This was further supported by gene expression studies. The findings suggest that the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR can be employed as promising QS inhibitors that target pathogenic bacteria.

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology published new progress about Antibacterial agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Formula: C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Kaaniche, Fatma; Hamed, Abdelaaty; Elleuch, Lobna; Chakchouk-Mtibaa, Ahlem; Smaoui, Slim; Karray-Rebai, Ines; Koubaa, Imed; Arcile, Guillaume; Allouche, Noureddine; Mellouli, Lotfi published the artcile< Purification and characterization of seven bioactive compounds from the newly isolated Streptomyces cavourensis TN638 strain via solid-state fermentation>, Recommanded Product: (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, the main research area is Agrobacterium Salmonella Streptomyces bioactive compound antibacterial; Antimicrobial activity; Diketopiperazine derivatives; Macrotetrolides; Phytopathogens; Solid-state fermentation; streptomyces.

The strain TN638 was isolated from Tunisian soil contaminated with industrial wastewater and selected for its potent antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram pos. bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 6538 and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) ATCCC 19117, and Gram neg. bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. tumefaciens) ATCC 23308 and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) ATCC 14028 and fungi: Candida albicans (C. albicans) ATCC 10231, Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) ATCC 58938 and Fusarium sp. We propose the assignment of our strain as Streptomyces cavourensis (S. cavourensis) TN638 strain. Work-up and purification of the strain extract using different chromatog. techniques afforded seven bio-compounds namely: Cyclo-(Leu-Pro) (1), Cyclo-(Val-Pro) (2), Cyclo-(Phe-Pro) (3), nonactin (4), monactin (5), dinactin (6) and trinactin (7). The three purified diketopiperazine (DKP) derivatives (1-3), demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens ATCC 23308 and S. typhimurium ATCC 14028. The four pure macrotetrolides (4-7), exhibited strong inhibitory effect against all tested Gram pos. and Gram neg. bacteria notably against A. tumefaciens ATCC 23308 and S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 with a min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) around 8μg/mL quite similar to that of ampicillin. Thus, we propose the use of the (SSF) active extract of the S. cavourensis TN638 strain as safe biol. product to control disease caused by plant pathogen A. tumefaciens.

Microbial Pathogenesis published new progress about Antibacterial agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Recommanded Product: (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem