Category: 2873-36-1

Tunes, Luiza Guimaraes; Goncalves, Vivian Nicolau; Bueno, Daniela Nabak; Zani, Carlos Leomar; Rosa, Luiz Henrique; Cota, Betania Barros published the artcile< Diketopiperazine alkaloids produced by the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum and evaluation of their antileishmanial activity>, Product Details of C11H18N2O2, the main research area is Penicillium citrinum antileishmanial endophytic fungus diketopiperazine alkaloid.

Chromatog. fractionation of the antileishmanial extract obtained from fermentation of the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum, isolated from leaves of Ageratum myriadenia, yielded three diketopiperazine alkaloids; cyclo(L-Pro-L-Leu) (1), cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) (2) and tryprostatin B (3). The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with the literature. Compounds 1 and 2 were active against both amastigote-like forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and intracelular amastigotes of L. (Leishmania) infantum with approx. 50% of parasite growth inhibition at 100μM. None of the compounds were considered toxic against human leukemia monocyte cell line (THP-1) at 100μM. It is the first report about isolation of these diketopiperazines from P. citrinum and their antileishmanial potential against L. (L.) infantum.

African Journal of Microbiology Research published new progress about Alkaloids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Product Details of C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Yang, Bo; Yang, Zhong-Duo; Li, Xiao-Fei; Shu, Zong-Mei published the artcile< Secondary Metabolites of the Endophytic Fungi Talaromyces wortmannii Cultivated in Maize Medium and their Bioactivity>, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1, the main research area is Talaromyces sitosterol deacetylisowortmin aspergillumarin.

In this paper, we described the isolation and identification of eight compounds (1-8) from an endophytic fungus LGT-4 (identified as Talaromyces wortmannii) of Tripterygium wilfordii. The fungal strain (LGT-4) was isolated from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii and identified as Talaromyces wortmannii based on both morphol. on PDA and anal. of the DNA sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA gene region. A GenBank search for DNA sequence (GenBank Accession Number KF850714) similarity revealed that ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of LGT-4 was 99% homologous to that of Talaromyces wortmannii reference strains (GenBank Accession Numbers FR667650.1 and JN807336.1). The strain Lgt-4 was cultivated in maize medium (100 mL × 80 Erlenmeyer flask) for 40 days at 28°C in a constant temperature oscillation incubator. The culture was extracted with EtOAc (8 L) to afford the crude extract (26 g), which was subjected to column chromatog. using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI-CHP20P gel, and HPLC, etc. A total of eight compounds was isolated and identified based on NMR spectra. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation of the 4, 5, and 7 from Talaromyces wortmannii

Chemistry of Natural Compounds published new progress about Bioactive amplification with probing assay. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Arndt, Daniel; Wachsmuth, Christian; Buchholz, Christoph; Bentley, Mark published the artcile< A complex matrix characterization approach, applied to cigarette smoke, that integrates multiple analytical methods and compound identification strategies for non-targeted liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry>, Quality Control of 2873-36-1, the main research area is cigarette smoke composition high resolution accurate mass spectrometry.

Rationale : For the characterization of the chem. composition of complex matrixes such as tobacco smoke, containing more than 6000 constituents, several anal. approaches have to be combined to increase compound coverage across the chem. space. Furthermore, the identification of unknown mols. requiring the implementation of addnl. confirmatory tools in the absence of reference standards, such as tandem mass spectrometry spectra comparisons and in silico prediction of mass spectra, is a major bottleneck. Methods : We applied a combination of four chromatog./ionization techniques (reversed-phase (RP) – heated electrospray ionization (HESI) in both pos. (+) and neg. (-) modes, RP – atm. pressure chem. ionization (APCI) in pos. mode, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatog. (HILIC) – HESI pos.) using a Thermo Q Exactive® liquid chromatog./high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC/HRAM-MS) platform for the anal. of 3R4F-derived smoke. Compound identification was performed by using mass spectral libraries and in silico predicted fragments from multiple integrated databases. Results : A total of 331 compounds with semi-quant. estimates ≥100 ng per cigarette were identified, which were distributed within the known chem. space of tobacco smoke. The integration of multiple LC/HRAM-MS-based chromatog./ionization approaches combined with complementary compound identification strategies was key for maximizing the number of amenable compounds and for strengthening the level of identification confidence. A total of 50 novel compounds were identified as being present in tobacco smoke. In the absence of reference MS2 spectra, in silico MS2 spectra prediction gave a good indication for compound class and was used as an addnl. confirmatory tool for our integrated non-targeted screening (NTS) approach. Conclusions : This study presents a powerful chem. characterization approach that has been successfully applied for the identification of novel compounds in cigarette smoke. We believe that this innovative approach has general applicability and a huge potential benefit for the anal. of any complex matrixes.

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published new progress about Composition. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Quality Control of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Wang, Fengwu; Wang, Feng; Chen, Tiejun published the artcile< Secondary metabolites of Galactomyces geotrichum from Laminaria japonica ameliorate cognitive deficits and brain oxidative stress in D-galactose induced Alzheimer′s disease mouse model>, Formula: C11H18N2O2, the main research area is Alzheimer’s disease cognitive deficits brain oxidative stress Galactomyces Laminaria; Alzheimer’s disease; Galactomyces geotrichum; cognitive deficits; oxidative damages; secondary metabolites; toxicological evaluation.

Accumulating evidences have shown the beneficial effects of natural products for Alzheimer′s disease (AD) treatment. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of secondary metabolites of Galactomyces geotrichum (SMGG) on D-galactose induced AD mice. SMGG was extracted and its toxicol. evaluation was conducted. To explore the neuroprotective mechanism responsible for anti-AD activity of SMGG, spatial learning and memory behavioral, oxidative stress levels, acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase activity assays were employed. The AD mice received SMGG treatment exhibited significant improvement in cognitive performance, enhanced antioxidant capacity, decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and increased choline acetyltransferase activity. Meanwhile, SMGG had no toxicity and seven compounds were separated from it: 7,8-dimethyl-iso-alloxazine, 1-methyl-3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-piperzainedione, cyclo-(Phe-Pro), cyclo-(Leu-Pro), cyclo-(Pro-Gly), cyclo-(Gly-Leu) and uracil, resp. Overall, these data suggested that SMGG protects the brain against D-galactose induced cognitive impairment, oxidative damages and acetylcholine content decrease in AD mice.

Natural Product Research published new progress about Alzheimer disease. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Formula: C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Li, Yuan; Yuan, Siqi; Yong, Xihao; zhao, Ting; Liu, Jun published the artcile< Research progress on small peptides in Chinese Baijiu>, HPLC of Formula: 2873-36-1, the main research area is review peptide research progress Baijiu.

A review. Chinese Baijiu is a distilled spirit with >100 health promoting compounds produced by diverse microorganisms through the fermentation process. Compared with other distilled spirits in the world, various small peptide compounds in Chinese Baijiu endow it with unparalleled health benefits. In this review, we summarize the small peptides that have been found in Chinese Baijiu, and we provide the unique physiol. and pharmacol. activity of these small peptides by reviewing recent research papers. Existing problems in current research on small peptides in Chinese Baijiu, and the direction and significance of future research are also discussed.

Journal of Functional Foods published new progress about Alcohols Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, HPLC of Formula: 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Zhang, Hua; Lai, Wei; Guan, Zhuo-Bin; Liao, Xiao-Jian; Zhao, Bing-Xin; Xu, Shi-Hai published the artcile< A new thiodiketopiperzaine from the marine sponge Tedania sp.>, Safety of (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, the main research area is diketopiperzaine isolation structure sponge; Sponge; Tedania sp.; thiodiketopiperzaine.

A new thiodiketopiperzaine, tedanizaine A (I), together with 6 known ones, were isolated from the marine sponge Tedania sp. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of I was established by ECD calculation I was the 2nd example of thiodiketopiperazine bearing a thiazolidine unit. Cytotoxic activities of I were also evaluated.

Natural Product Research published new progress about Diketopiperazines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), NPO (Natural Product Occurrence), PAC (Pharmacological Activity), PRP (Properties), PUR (Purification or Recovery), BIOL (Biological Study), OCCU (Occurrence), PREP (Preparation). 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Safety of (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Jinendiran, Sekar; Teng, Weilin; Dahms, Hans-Uwe; Liu, Wangta; Ponnusamy, Vinoth Kumar; Chiu, Charles Chien-Chih; Kumar, B. S. Dileep; Sivakumar, Natesan published the artcile< Induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and suppression of tumor growth in zebrafish xenograft model by cyclic dipeptides identified from Exiguobacterium acetylicum>, COA of Formula: C11H18N2O2, the main research area is mitochondria apoptosis tumor growth zebrafish xenograft dipeptide Exiguobacterium acetylicum.

Colorectal cancer is the most common type of gastrointestinal cancers with poor survival and limited therapeutic options. In this study, four structurally different cyclic dipeptides (or diketopiperazine) were isolated and identified as cyclo (L-Pro-L-Leu), cyclo (L-Pro-L-Val), cyclo (L-Pro-L-Phe) and cyclo (L-Pro-L-Tyr) from the Et acetate extract in the cell-free filtrate of Exiguobacterium acetylicum S01. The anticancer potential of identified DKPs on colorectal cancer HT-29 cells in vitro and in vivo zebrafish xenograft model was evaluated. The MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed that four DKPs exhibited significant inhibition of HT-29 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner whereas there were no cytotoxic effects on normal mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells. Also, we observed that all DKPs induce early and late apoptotic cell death in HT-29 cells. Moreover, the expression levels of apoptotic (cytochrome-c, caspase-3 and Bid) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) markers were up- and down-regulated in HT-29 cells in response to DKPs treatments. Furthermore, these four DKPs remarkably inhibited the tumor progression in a zebrafish xenograft model within a nonlethal dose range. Overall, our findings suggest that cyclic dipeptides derived from E. acetylicum S01 could be promising chemopreventive/ therapeutic candidates against cancer.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Apoptosis. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, COA of Formula: C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Liu, Rui; Li, Hui; Yang, Junxia published the artcile< A 2,5-Diketopiperazines from Aspergillus sp., the Endophytic Fungus of Astragalus membranaceus and their Anticancer Assay>, Safety of (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, the main research area is diketopiperazine anticancer Aspergillus endophytic fungus Astragalus cancer.

2,5-Diketopiperazines are cyclodipeptides obtained by the condensation of two α-amino acids. In our ongoing screening for biol. active secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi, we investigated metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. isolated from roots of Astragalus membranaceus, a Chinese medicinal plant of the loess plateau of China. We have continued investigating endophytes from this biotope, since previous investigations have shown that a particularly high proportion of endophytes from plants from the Hengshan Mountains, China, were biol. active. This prompted us to carry out a secondary metabolites studies on this fungus, which resulted in the isolation of eight 2,5-diketopiperazines. We herein report on the isolation, structure, and anticancer properties of these compounds The fungal strain AR-17-2 was isolated from the roots of A. membranaceus collected in the Hengshan Mountains, China, on August, 2017. Subfraction B2 was further separated by HPLC with H2O-MeOH (2:5) to give compounds 1 (24.1 mg) and 2 (12.6 mg). Subfraction B3 was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column eluting with methanol to afford compound 3 (38 mg). Subfraction B4 was chromatographed over a silica gel column eluting with petroleum ether-Et acetate (50:1) and then subjected to PTLC to yield compound 4 (15.5 mg). The bioactive Fr. C was separated by column chromatog. on silica gel with a gradient of Et acetate in petroleum ether to give five subfractions (Subfrs. C1-5). Subfraction C2 that eluted with methanol was separated by semipreparative reversed-phase HPLC (H2O-MeOH, 1:4, 2.5 mL/min) to yield compounds 5 (9 mg), 6 (10.7 mg) and 7 (8.3 mg). Compound 8 (12 mg) were obtained from Subfr. C3 after separation with Sephadex LH-20 by MeOH-CHCl3 (1:1). These eight compounds were elucidated resp. as cyclo-(Pro-Gly) (1), cyclo-(Pro-Leu) (2), cyclo-(Pro-Ile) (3), cyclo-(Pro-Vla) (4), cyclo-(Phe-Gly) (5), cyclo-(Phe-Ala) (6), cyclo-(Phe-Tyr) (7), and cyclo-(Phe-Pro) (8) by comparison of their spectral data with the reported data in the literature.

Chemistry of Natural Compounds published new progress about Antitumor agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Safety of (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Bai, Meng; He, Jia-Li; Gao, Cheng-Hai; Xiong, Fei-Xiang; Yang, Ya; Yang, Wei-Chan; Liu, Yong-Hong; Zhang, Wen-Fei published the artcile< Secondary Metabolites from Bacillus thuringiensis HS66>, Quality Control of 2873-36-1, the main research area is Bacillus Helicoverpa larva secondary metabolite.

In order to search for the bioactive chem. constituents from the B. thuringiensis, 12 compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the B. thuringiensis. The isolated compoundswere identified as cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) (1) [6], cyclo(Pro-Phe) (2) [7], cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe) (3) [8], cyclo(Pro-Val) (4) [9], cyclo(L-Pro-L-Met) (5) [10], cyclo((S)-Pro-(R)-Ile) (6) [11], cyclo(L-Pro-L-Leu) (7) [12], N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (8) [13], uracil (9) [13], 2-phenylacetamide (10) [14], anthranilic acid (11) [15], and S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (12) [16]. The growth inhibition activity against newly hatched larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner was tested. Compounds 1-3, 6, 7, and 10 showed growth inhibition activity against newly hatched larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner with IC 50 values ranging from 50 to 200 μg/mL. Azadirachtin was used as pos. control with the IC50 value of 25 μg/mL.

Chemistry of Natural Compounds published new progress about Antibacterial agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Quality Control of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Chauhan, Priyanka; Bhattacharya, Arpita; Giri, Ved Prakash; Singh, Satyendra Pratap; Gupta, Sateesh Chandra; Verma, Pratibha; Dwivedi, Ashish; Rajput, Laxman Singh; Mishra, Aradhana published the artcile< Bacillus subtilis suppresses the charcoal rot disease by inducing defence responses and physiological attributes in soybean>, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1, the main research area is Bacillus subtilis soybean charcoal rot disease physiol; Bacillus subtilis; Charcoal rot disease; GC–MS profiles; Macrophomina phaseolina; Secondary metabolites; Soybean.

Endophytes can induce the defense responses and modulates physiol. attributes in host plants during pathogen attacks. In the present study, 127 bacterial endophytes (BEs) were isolated from different parts of healthy soybean plant. Among them, two BEs (M-2 and M-4) resulted a significant antagonistic property against Macrophomina phaseolina, causes charcoal rot disease in soybean. The antagonistic potential was evaluated through dual culture plate assay, where M-4 expressed higher antifungal activity than M-2 against M. phaseolina. The M-4 produces cell wall degrading enzymes viz. cellulase (145.71 ± 1.34 μgmL-1), chitinase (0.168 ± 0.0009 unitmL-1) and β,1-3 endoglucanase (162.14 ± 2.5 μgmL-1), which helps in cell wall disintegration of pathogens. Addnl., M-4 also can produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (17.03 ± 1.10 μgmL-1) and had a phosphate solubilization potential (19.89 ± 0.26 μgmL-1). Further, GC-MS profiling of M-4 has been carried out to demonstrate the production of lipophilic secondary metabolites which efficiently suppress the M. phaseolina defensive compounds under co-culture conditions. Bio-efficacy study of M-4 strain shown a significant reduction in disease incidence around 60 and 80% in resistant and susceptible varieties of soybean, resp. The inoculation of M-4 potentially enhances the physiol. attributes and triggers various defense responsive enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenol peroxidase (PPO), peroxidase (PO) and catalase (CAT). The histopathol. study also confirmed that M-4 can reduce the persistence of microsclerotia in root and shoot tissue. Conclusively, M-4 revealed as an efficient biocontrol agent that can uses multifaceted measures for charcoal rot disease management, by suppress the M. phaseolina infection and enhance the physiol. attributes of soybean.

Archives of Microbiology published new progress about Bacillus subtilis. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem