Category: 2150-55-2

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Nature (London, United Kingdom) called Formation of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in the cyanobromination of lanthionine, Author is van Rensburg, N. J. J., which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, SMILESS is O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, COA of Formula: C4H6N2O2S.

A 5 ml. solution of lanthionine in 0.1N HCl was added to 5 ml. 5% aqueous NaCN and the mixture treated with 1 ml. NCBr solution (prepared by adding 5% aqueous NaCN to a saturated solution of Br till the solution was just colorless). After 3 consecutive boilings for 30 secs. and cooling for 3 min., the thiol content estimation was interfered with by incomplete removal of NCBr. The reaction mixture was, therefore, boiled for 10 min., but the quantity of thiol formed was not consistent and reproducibility of the results was very poor. Paper chromatography of the products in sec-BuOH-HCOOH-H2O (75:15:10) system showed the presence of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (I). In these experiments, HCl was converted to HCN, which was expelled on boiling and probably the high pH led to the formation of the acid.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Validation Study, Talanta called LC-MS/MS method development and validation for quantitative analyses of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid – a new cyanide exposure marker in post mortem blood, Author is Giebultowicz, Joanna; Ruzycka, Monika; Fudalej, Marcin; Krajewski, Pawel; Wroczynski, Piotr, which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, SMILESS is O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, COA of Formula: C4H6N2O2S.

2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is a hydrogen cyanide metabolite that has been found to be a reliable biomarker of cyanide poisoning, because of its long-term stability in biol. material. There are several methods of ATCA determination; however, they are restricted to extraction on mixed mode cation exchange sorbents. To date, there has been no reliable method of ATCA determination in whole blood, the most frequently used material in forensic anal. This novel method for ATCA determination in post mortem specimen includes protein precipitation, and derivatization of interfering compounds and their later extraction with Et acetate. ATCA was quant. analyzed via HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry with pos. electrospray ionization detection using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatog. column. The method satisfied all validation criteria and was tested on the real samples with satisfactory results. Therefore, this anal. approach has been proven to be a tool for measuring endogenous levels of ATCA in post mortem specimens. To conclude, a novel, accurate and sensitive method of ATCA determination in post mortem blood was developed. The establishment of the method provides new possibilities in the field of forensic science.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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Ruzycka, Monika; Giebultowicz, Joanna; Fudalej, Marcin; Krajewski, Pawel; Wroczynski, Piotr published the article 《Application of 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic Acid as a Forensic Marker of Cyanide Exposure》. Keywords: forensic marker cyanide exposure aminothiazoline 4 carboxylate.They researched the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ).Recommanded Product: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) here.

Cyanides are infamous for their highly poisonous properties. Accidental cyanide poisoning occurs frequently, but occasionally, intentional poisonings also occur. Inhalation of fumes generated by fire may also cause cyanide poisoning. There are many limitations in direct anal. of cyanide. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), a cyanide metabolite, seems to be the only surrogate that is being used in the detection of cyanide because of its stability and its cyanide-dependent quality in biol. matrix. Unfortunately, the toxicokinetic study on diverse animal models suggests significant interspecies differences; therefore, the attempt to extrapolate animal models to human model is unsuccessful. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of ATCA as a forensic marker of cyanide exposure. For this purpose, postmortem materials (blood and organs) from fire victims and cyanide-poisoned persons were collected. The distribution of ATCA in organs and its thermal stability were evaluated. The variability of cyanides in purified sample and in the context of their long-term and higher temperature stability was established. The presence of ATCA was detected by using LC-MS/MS method and that of cyanide was detected spectrofluorimetrically. This is the first report on the determination of ATCA distribution in tissues of fire victims and cyanide-poisoned persons. It was found that blood and heart had the highest ATCA concentrations ATCA was observed to be thermally stable even at 90°. Even though the cyanide concentration was not elevated in purified samples, it was unstable during long-term storage and at higher temperature, as expected. The relationship between ATCA and cyanides was also observed Higher ATCA concentrations were related to increased levels of cyanide in blood and organs (less prominent). ATCA seems to be a reliable forensic marker of exposure to LDs of cyanide.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ) is researched.COA of Formula: C4H6N2O2S.Logue, Brian A.; Maserek, Wendy K.; Rockwood, Gary A.; Keebaugh, Michael W.; Baskin, Steven I. published the article 《The analysis of 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in the plasma of smokers and non-smokers》 about this compound( cas:2150-55-2 ) in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods. Keywords: forensic analysis ATCA plasma human smoker GC MS; cyanide poisoning biomarker ACTA plasma human smoker GC MS; gas chromatog mass spectrometry ACTA plasma human cyanide poisoning. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

ATCA (2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid) is a promising marker to assess cyanide exposure because of several advantages of ATCA anal. over direct determination of cyanide and alternative cyanide biomarkers (i.e. stability in biol. matrixes, consistent recovery, and relatively small endogenous concentrations). Concentrations of ATCA in the plasma of smoking and nonsmoking human volunteers were analyzed using gas chromatog. mass spectrometry to establish the feasibility of using ATCA as a marker for cyanide exposure. The levels of ATCA in plasma of smoking volunteers, 17.2 ng/mL, were found to be significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of nonsmoking volunteers, 11.8 ng/mL. Comparison of ATCA concentrations of smokers relative to nonsmokers in both urine and plasma yielded relatively similar results. The concentration ratio of ATCA for smokers vs. nonsmokers in plasma and urine was compared to similar literature studies of cyanide and thiocyanate, and correlations are discussed. This study supports previous evidence that ATCA can be used to determine past cyanide exposure and indicates that further studies should be pursued to validate the use of ATCA as a marker of cyanide exposure. Although many compounds look similar to this compound(2150-55-2)COA of Formula: C4H6N2O2S, numerous studies have shown that this compound(SMILES:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O), has unique advantages. If you want to know more about similar compounds, you can read my other articles.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid(SMILESS: O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O,cas:2150-55-2) is researched.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate. The article 《N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine as an intermediate in the bioconversion from D,L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid to L-cysteine by Pseudomonas sp. ON-4a》 in relation to this compound, is published in Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

The authors investigated the conversion of D,L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic (D,L-ATC) to L-cysteine with Pseudomonas sp. ON-4a, an ATC-assimilating bacterium. Cysteine and N-carbamoylcysteine (NCC), but not S-carbamoylcysteine (SCC), were produced from D,L-ATC by a cell-free extract from the strain. These products were isolated from the reaction mixture and then identified as the L-form. Similar results were obtained with P. putida AJ3865 and unidentified strain TG-3, an ATC-assimilating bacteria. It became clear that L-NCC is an intermediate in the conversion of D,L-ATC to L-cysteine in these Pseudomonas strains. Furthermore, it was suggested that these bacteria have L-ATC hydrolase and L-NCC amidohydrolase.

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The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Organ-distribution of the metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in a rat model following cyanide exposure, the main research direction is forensic biomarker cyanide liver plasma aminothiazoline carboxylic acid.Product Details of 2150-55-2.

The reaction of cyanide (CN-) with cystine to produce 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is one of the independent detoxification pathways of cyanide in biol. systems. In this report, in vivo production of ATCA and its distributions in plasma and organs were studied after a s.c. sublethal dose of 4 mg/kg body weight potassium cyanide (KCN) administration to rats. At this sublethal dose of KCN, ATCA concentration was not significantly increased in the plasma samples, however, it was found significantly increased in liver samples. These results suggested that ATCA might not be a good diagnostic biomarker in plasma for sublethal cyanide exposure; however, liver could serve as the right organ for the detection of ATCA in post-mortem examinations involving cyanide exposure in military, firefighting, industrial and forensic settings.

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Quality Control of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Enzymatic characteristics in the bioconversion of D,L-ATC to L-cysteine. Author is Ryu, Ok Hee; Shin, Chul Soo.

The bioconversion of DL-2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (I) to L-cysteine (II) was investigated. After the intracellular enzyme of a Pseudomonas species was inducibly formed by addition of I in the middle of culture, the cells were isolated and treated with sonication to prepare the crude enzyme solution I was the only isomeric form of the amino acid produced from I and its production could be enhanced several 10-fold by addition of Mn2+ which was required as a cofactor in the enzymic reaction. In addition, this reaction suffered from feedback inhibition of II. On the other hand, since a II-decomposing enzyme coexisted in the crude enzyme solution, most of the II formed disappeared in the absence of its inhibitor. However, hydroxylamine was a potent inhibitor which could successfully prevent the decomposition of II.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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Safety of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Cloning, expression, and identification of genes involved in the conversion of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid to L-cysteine via S-carbamyl-L-cysteine pathway in Pseudomonas sp. TS1138. Author is Yu, Yangsheng; Liu, Zhong; Liu, Chunqin; Li, Yang; Jin, Yongjie; Yang, Wenbo; Bai, Gang.

Two novel genes (tsB, tsC) involved in the conversion of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) to L-cysteine through S-carbamyl-L-cysteine (L-SCC) pathway were cloned from the genomic DNA library of Pseudomonas sp. TS1138. The recombinant proteins of these two genes were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, and their enzymic activity assays were performed in vitro. It was found that the tsB gene encoded an L-ATC hydrolase, which catalyzed the conversion of L-ATC to L-SCC, while the tsC gene encoded an L-SCC amidohydrolase, which showed the catalytic ability to convert L-SCC to L-cysteine. These results suggest that tsB and tsC play important roles in the L-SCC pathway and L-cysteine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas sp. TS1138, and that they have potential applications in the industrial production of L-cysteine.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Enhanced biocatalytic production of L-cysteine by Pseudomonas sp. B-3 with in situ product removal using ion-exchange resin.SDS of cas: 2150-55-2.

Bioconversion of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) catalyzed by whole cells of Pseudomonas sp. was successfully applied for the production of L-cysteine. It was found, however, like most whole-cell biocatalytic processes, the accumulated L-cysteine produced obvious inhibition to the activity of biocatalyst and reduced the yield. To improve L-cysteine productivity, an anion exchange-based in situ product removal (ISPR) approach was developed. Several anion-exchange resins were tested to select a suitable adsorbent used in the bioconversion of DL-ATC for the in situ removal of L-cysteine. The strong basic anion-exchange resin 201 × 7 exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for L-cysteine and low adsorption for DL-ATC, which is a favorable option. With in situ addition of 60 g L-1 resin 201 × 7, the product inhibition can be reduced significantly and 200 mmol L-1 of DL-ATC was converted to L-cysteine with 90.4 % of yield and 28.6 mmol L-1 h-1 of volumetric productivity. Compared to the bioconversion without the addition of resin, the volumetric productivity of L-cysteine was improved by 2.27-fold using ISPR method.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ) is researched.Name: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.Yang, Bo; Liu, Zhigang; Deng, Bei; Zeng, Yulei; Hu, Jiajun; Li, Weilin; Hu, Zheng published the article 《Isolation and genetic improvement of Pseudomonas sp. strain HUT-78, capable of enzymatic production of L-cysteine from DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid》 about this compound( cas:2150-55-2 ) in Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. Keywords: cysteine production Pseudomonas fermentation mutagenesis genetic engineering; aminothiazolinecarboxylate hydrolase carbamoylcysteine amidohydrolase Pseudomonas. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

Microorganisms able to bioconvert DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) into L-cysteine were originally isolated from 10 soil samples with DL-ATC as the sole nitrogen source. Ninety-seven L-cysteine-producing bacterial strains were screened out and obtained in pure culture. Among them, a strain, designated as HUT-78, was selected as the best producer, with a molar bioconversion rate of 60%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence anal., this isolate was placed within the genus Pseudomonas. A novel mutant of this strain with a significantly reduced activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrase, a L-cysteine-decomposing enzyme, was derived by UV-mutagenesis. This mutant, designated as mHUT-78, exhibited a 42% increase in L-cysteine producing activity. Moreover, the bioconversion reactions in both the parent and the mutant strain were significantly accelerated by co-overexpression of the two key enzymes, AtcB and AtcC, involved in the bioconversion reaction.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem