Category: 2150-55-2

Quality Control of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Enzymatic syntheses of L-cysteine by sodium alginate/gelatin co-immobilized Pseudomonas sp. B-3. Author is Wang, Pu; Yin, Jiangfeng; He, Junyao; Liang, Fayong.

The immobilization of Pseudomonas sp. B-3 by sodium alginate/gelatin mixed gel and the biosynthesis of L-cysteine from DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) by immobilized cells were investigated. Suitable method for the immobilization of Pseudomonas sp. B-3 was selected by the comparison of eight immobilization methods. The influences of some key factors such as gel constitution, cells embedded and activation time on enzyme activity were optimized. Tween-60, N-carbamyl-L-cysteine amidohydrolase (L-NCC hydrolase) activator of Mn2+ and L-cysteine desulfhydrase inhibitor of hydroxylamine was added into reaction solution to improve L-cysteine productivity. Sodium alginate/gelatin co-immobilization showed both the highest enzyme activity and best gel strength. After 10 h activation for immobilized cells, the bioconversion was conducted at pH 8.0 and 42° for 10 h, 9.18 g/L-1 of L-cysteine was formed from 20 g/L-1 of DL-ATC/3H2O, with the molar conversion rate of 75.83%. An increase of 29.0% for L-cysteine production was obtained after catalyzed by immobilized cells in comparison with resting cells. After reused for four times, the relative molar conversion rate of L-cysteine remained 71.5% of the initial value. Sodium alginate/gelatin embedding method was suitable for immobilization of Pseudomonas sp. B-3. L-cysteine production was enhanced by the addition of Tween-60, Mn2+ and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in reaction solution

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)Quality Control of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Formula: C4H6N2O2S. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Determination of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in urine and plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Author is Logue, Brian A.; Kirschten, Nicholas P.; Petrikovics, Ilona; Moser, Matthew A.; Rockwood, Gary A.; Baskin, Steven I..

The cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is a promising biomarker for cyanide exposure because of its stability and the limitations of direct determination of cyanide and more abundant cyanide metabolites. A simple, sensitive, and specific method based on derivatization and subsequent gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) anal. was developed for the identification and quantification of ATCA in synthetic urine and swine plasma. The urine and plasma samples were spiked with an internal standard (ATCA-d2), diluted, and acidified. The resulting solution was subjected to solid phase extraction on a mixed-mode cation exchange column. After elution and evaporation of the solvent, a silylating agent was used to derivatize the ATCA. Quantification of the derivatized ATCA was accomplished on a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector. The current method produced a coefficient of variation of less than 6% (intra- and interassay) for two sets of quality control (QC) standards and a detection limit of 25 ng/mL. The applicability of the method was evaluated by determination of elevated levels of ATCA in human urine of smokers in relation to non-smokers for both males and females.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)Formula: C4H6N2O2S, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Mitchell, Brendan L.; Bhandari, Raj K.; Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Rockwood, Gary A.; Boss, Gerry R.; Logue, Brian A. published the article 《Toxicokinetic profiles of α-ketoglutarate cyanohydrin, a cyanide detoxification product, following exposure to potassium cyanide》. Keywords: cyanide poisoning detoxification toxicokinetics alpha ketoglutarate cyanohydrin biomarker; Cyanide exposure; Toxicokinetics; α-Ketoglutarate; α-Ketoglutarate cyanohydrin; α-Kg; α-KgCN; α-ketoglutarate; α-ketoglutarate cyanohydrin.They researched the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ).Recommanded Product: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) here.

Poisoning by cyanide can be verified by anal. of the cyanide detoxification product, α-ketoglutarate cyanohydrin (α-KgCN), which is produced from the reaction of cyanide and endogenous α-ketoglutarate. Although α-KgCN can potentially be used to verify cyanide exposure, limited toxicokinetic data in cyanide-poisoned animals are available. The authors, therefore, studied the toxicokinetics of α-KgCN and compared its behavior to other cyanide metabolites, thiocyanate and 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), in the plasma of 31 Yorkshire pigs that received KCN (4 mg/mL) i.v. (IV) (0.17 mg/kg/min). α-KgCN concentrations rose rapidly during KCN administration until the onset of apnea, and then decreased over time in all groups with a half-life of 15 min. The maximum concentrations of α-KgCN and cyanide were 2.35 and 30.18 μM, resp., suggesting that only a small fraction of the administered cyanide is converted to α-KgCN. Although this is the case, the α-KgCN concentration increased >100-fold over endogenous concentrations compared to only a three-fold increase for cyanide and ATCA. The plasma profile of α-KgCN was similar to that of cyanide, ATCA, and thiocyanate. The results of this study suggest that the use of α-KgCN as a biomarker for cyanide exposure is best suited immediately following exposure for instances of acute, high-dose cyanide poisoning.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)Recommanded Product: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Application of 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic Acid as a Forensic Marker of Cyanide Exposure, the main research direction is forensic marker cyanide exposure aminothiazoline 4 carboxylate.Name: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Cyanides are infamous for their highly poisonous properties. Accidental cyanide poisoning occurs frequently, but occasionally, intentional poisonings also occur. Inhalation of fumes generated by fire may also cause cyanide poisoning. There are many limitations in direct anal. of cyanide. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), a cyanide metabolite, seems to be the only surrogate that is being used in the detection of cyanide because of its stability and its cyanide-dependent quality in biol. matrix. Unfortunately, the toxicokinetic study on diverse animal models suggests significant interspecies differences; therefore, the attempt to extrapolate animal models to human model is unsuccessful. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of ATCA as a forensic marker of cyanide exposure. For this purpose, postmortem materials (blood and organs) from fire victims and cyanide-poisoned persons were collected. The distribution of ATCA in organs and its thermal stability were evaluated. The variability of cyanides in purified sample and in the context of their long-term and higher temperature stability was established. The presence of ATCA was detected by using LC-MS/MS method and that of cyanide was detected spectrofluorimetrically. This is the first report on the determination of ATCA distribution in tissues of fire victims and cyanide-poisoned persons. It was found that blood and heart had the highest ATCA concentrations ATCA was observed to be thermally stable even at 90°. Even though the cyanide concentration was not elevated in purified samples, it was unstable during long-term storage and at higher temperature, as expected. The relationship between ATCA and cyanides was also observed Higher ATCA concentrations were related to increased levels of cyanide in blood and organs (less prominent). ATCA seems to be a reliable forensic marker of exposure to LDs of cyanide.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)Name: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Quality Control of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Organ-distribution of the metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in a rat model following cyanide exposure.

The reaction of cyanide (CN-) with cystine to produce 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is one of the independent detoxification pathways of cyanide in biol. systems. In this report, in vivo production of ATCA and its distributions in plasma and organs were studied after a s.c. sublethal dose of 4 mg/kg body weight potassium cyanide (KCN) administration to rats. At this sublethal dose of KCN, ATCA concentration was not significantly increased in the plasma samples, however, it was found significantly increased in liver samples. These results suggested that ATCA might not be a good diagnostic biomarker in plasma for sublethal cyanide exposure; however, liver could serve as the right organ for the detection of ATCA in post-mortem examinations involving cyanide exposure in military, firefighting, industrial and forensic settings.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)Quality Control of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Formula: C4H6N2O2S. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Cloning, expression, characterization and application of atcA, atcB and atcC from Pseudomonas sp. for the production of L-cysteine. Author is Duan, Jingjing; Zhang, Qi; Zhao, Hongzhi; Du, Jun; Bai, Fang; Bai, Gang.

An isolate of a Pseudomonas sp. uses the L-NCC (N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine) pathway to convert DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) to L-cysteine. Genes encoding ATC racemase (AtcA), L-ATC hydrolase (AtcB) and L-NCC amidohydrolase (AtcC), involved in this pathway, were cloned from the Pseudomonas sp. and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 via pET-28a(+). The resulting enzymes were purified, their functions identified, and their biochem. properties are described. In vitro catalysis experiments, using these enzymes, revealed that the bioconversion rate of L-cysteine from DL-ATC in the presence of AtcA was more efficient than in the absence of AtcA. This is the first report describing simultaneous cloning and expression of atcA, atcB and atcC and characterization of their enzymes for L-cysteine production from DL-ATC via the L-NCC pathway, enabling the complete L-NCC pathway to be elucidated.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)Formula: C4H6N2O2S, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Plasma persistence of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in rat system determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, the main research direction is aminothiazoline carboxylate determination HPLC tandemMS blood forensic diagnostic biomarker.Synthetic Route of C4H6N2O2S.

2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) was i.v. injected to rats to investigate its blood plasma distribution. ATCA was extracted from plasma samples by solid phase extraction (SPE) and molecularly imprinted polymer stir bar sorption extraction (MIP-SBSE). Detection and quantification of ATCA were achieved by liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). It was found that the i.v. injected ATCA concentration quickly decreased to half within 2.5 h in the rat system. However, after 2.5 h, the concentration of ATCA in plasma stayed constant at least 5 folds above the endogenous ATCA level for more then 48 h. This finding can be used for evaluating ATCA’s diagnostic and forensic value as a biomarker for cyanide exposure.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)Synthetic Route of C4H6N2O2S, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Formula: C4H6N2O2S. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about The potential use of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) as a forensic marker for cyanide exposure in medicolegal death investigation: A review.. Author is Li, S Y; Petrikovics, I; Yu, J.

Cyanide (CN) is one of the most toxic of all substances and can be found in various natural and anthropogenic sources. Sensitive and effective methods for the confirmation of CN exposure are crucial in medical, military, and forensic settings. Due to its high volatility and reactivity, direct detection of CN from postmortem samples could raise inconclusive interpretation issues that may hinder accurate determination of the cause of death. The detection of the alternative CN metabolites as markers to test CN exposure may offer a solution to reduce the potential for false-negative and false-positive results. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is a minor metabolite of CN and has been proposed to be a potential alternative forensic marker for the confirmation of CN exposure. According to the current state of knowledge, ATCA has not yet been associated with other metabolic pathways except for CN detoxification. Moreover, ATCA is stable under various conditions over time. This article reviews analytical methods developed for the analysis of ATCA as well as studies related to potential use of ATCA as a marker for the diagnosis of CN exposure. The need for research related to the use of ATCA as a reliable forensic marker for CN exposure in medicolegal death investigations is also discussed.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)Formula: C4H6N2O2S, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Computed Properties of C4H6N2O2S. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Two-Stage Cultivation of Pseudomonas sp. F12 for the Production of Enzymes Converting DL-2-Amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic Acid to L-Cysteine. Author is Fan, Cuili; Li, Zhimin; Ye, Qin.

Pseudomonas sp. F12 isolated from soil can transform DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) to L-cysteine. It can grow in minimal medium containing DL-ATC as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, and the apparent activity of L-cysteine synthesis (CS) achieved 122 U/mL in a 5-L bioreactor. Pseudomonas sp. F12 can utilize glucose as carbon source and ammonia as nitrogen source for growth, but no CS activity was formed. To reduce the cost of DL-ATC, the cultivation process was divided into a growth stage on glucose and ammonia and a production stage induced by DL-ATC. The excessive glucose led to the production of byproduct(s) which seriously inhibited cell growth and CS production Ammonium was accumulated when DL-ATC was consumed, and ammonium did not inhibit CS activity formation until 60 mM. Based on the above features, fed-batch cultivation of the growth stage was developed by supplying glucose restrictively. The volumetric CS activity was enhanced more than two times that obtained under the initial conditions.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)Computed Properties of C4H6N2O2S, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Bhattacharya, Rahul; Singh, Poonam; Palit, Meehir; Waghmare, Chandrakant; Singh, Anil Kumar; Gopalan, Natarajan; Kumar, Deo researched the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ).COA of Formula: C4H6N2O2S.They published the article 《Time-dependent comparative evaluation of some important biomarkers of acute cyanide poisoning in rats: an aid in diagnosis》 about this compound( cas:2150-55-2 ) in Biomarkers. Keywords: forensic cyanide acute poisoning biomarker diagnosis. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

Objective: The study focuses on time-dependent comparative evaluation of various biomarkers of acute cyanide poisoning in rats. Methods: Blood gas (analyzer), lactate, pyruvate, cyanide, thiocyanate (spectrophotometer) and 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA; gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry) in plasma or urine, and various physiol. parameters (polygraph) were measured. Results: Cyanide poisoning was characterized by elevated lactate, cyanide, thiocyanate and ATCA concentrations in plasma up to 15 min, 4, 16 and 24 h, resp., while high urinary thiocyanate and ATCA levels were measured between 4 and 24 h. Conclusion: ATCA concentration in plasma and urine was found to be more reliable indicator of cyanide poisoning.

Here is a brief introduction to this compound(2150-55-2)COA of Formula: C4H6N2O2S, if you want to know about other compounds related to this compound(2150-55-2), you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem