Category: 2150-55-2

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Formation of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in the cyanobromination of lanthionine, published in 1963, which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, mainly applied to , HPLC of Formula: 2150-55-2.

A 5 ml. solution of lanthionine in 0.1N HCl was added to 5 ml. 5% aqueous NaCN and the mixture treated with 1 ml. NCBr solution (prepared by adding 5% aqueous NaCN to a saturated solution of Br till the solution was just colorless). After 3 consecutive boilings for 30 secs. and cooling for 3 min., the thiol content estimation was interfered with by incomplete removal of NCBr. The reaction mixture was, therefore, boiled for 10 min., but the quantity of thiol formed was not consistent and reproducibility of the results was very poor. Paper chromatography of the products in sec-BuOH-HCOOH-H2O (75:15:10) system showed the presence of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (I). In these experiments, HCl was converted to HCN, which was expelled on boiling and probably the high pH led to the formation of the acid.

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Recommanded Product: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Development of enzymic process producing L-cysteine. 2. Improvement of Pseudomonas desmolytica for the enzymatic production of L-cystine. Author is Yamamoto, Yasushi; Kobayashi, Tadao; Utagawa, Takashi.

In a process to produce L-cystine from DL-2-thiazolin-4-carboxylic acid (ATC) using the enzymic activity of Pseudomonas strains, we proposed the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) as a criterion to optimize the process in the previous paper. To scale up this process, it was required to reduce the generation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). A mutant strain of P. desmolytica AJ-11071 which has a higher yield of L-cystine from ATC and lower activity of L-cysteine hydrolysis to generate H2S gas was developed in this experiment An improved strain Number4 in a 65 kL reactor produced 90 g /L of L-cystine from 110 g/L ATC at the molar yield of 93% in 36 h.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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Recommanded Product: 2150-55-2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about The analysis of 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in the plasma of smokers and non-smokers. Author is Logue, Brian A.; Maserek, Wendy K.; Rockwood, Gary A.; Keebaugh, Michael W.; Baskin, Steven I..

ATCA (2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid) is a promising marker to assess cyanide exposure because of several advantages of ATCA anal. over direct determination of cyanide and alternative cyanide biomarkers (i.e. stability in biol. matrixes, consistent recovery, and relatively small endogenous concentrations). Concentrations of ATCA in the plasma of smoking and nonsmoking human volunteers were analyzed using gas chromatog. mass spectrometry to establish the feasibility of using ATCA as a marker for cyanide exposure. The levels of ATCA in plasma of smoking volunteers, 17.2 ng/mL, were found to be significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of nonsmoking volunteers, 11.8 ng/mL. Comparison of ATCA concentrations of smokers relative to nonsmokers in both urine and plasma yielded relatively similar results. The concentration ratio of ATCA for smokers vs. nonsmokers in plasma and urine was compared to similar literature studies of cyanide and thiocyanate, and correlations are discussed. This study supports previous evidence that ATCA can be used to determine past cyanide exposure and indicates that further studies should be pursued to validate the use of ATCA as a marker of cyanide exposure. In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid)Recommanded Product: 2150-55-2, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(2150-55-2).

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Product Details of 2150-55-2. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Genes from Pseudomonas sp. strain BS involved in the conversion of L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazolin-4-carbonic acid to L-cysteine. Author is Shiba, Toshikazu; Takeda, Kohji; Yajima, Misako; Tadano, Makoto.

DL-2-Amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carbonic acid (DL-ATC) is a substrate for cysteine synthesis in some bacteria, and this bioconversion has been utilized for cysteine production in industry. We cloned a DNA fragment containing the genes involved in the conversion of L-ATC to L-cysteine from Pseudomonas sp. strain BS. The introduction of this DNA fragment into Escherichia coli cells enabled them to convert L-ATC to cysteine via N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine (L-NCC) as an intermediate. The smallest recombinant plasmid, designated pTK10, contained a 2.6-kb insert DNA fragment that has L-cysteine synthetic activity. The nucleotide sequence of the insert DNA revealed that two open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins with mol. masses of 19.5 and 44.7 kDa were involved in the L-cysteine synthesis from DL-ATC. These ORFs were designated atcB and atcC, resp., and their gene products were identified by overproduction of proteins encoded in each ORF and by the maxicell method. The functions of these gene products were examined using extracts of E. coli cells carrying deletion derivatives of pTK10. The results indicate that atcB and atcC are involved in the conversion of L-ATC to L-NCC and the conversion of L-NCC to cysteine, resp. AtcB was first identified as a gene encoding an enzyme that catalyzes thiazoline ring opening. AtcC is highly homologous with L-N-carbamoylases. Since both enzymes can only catalyze the L-specific conversion from L-ATC to L-NCC or L-NCC to L-cysteine, it is thought that atcB and atcC encode L-ATC hydrolase and N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine amidohydrolase, resp.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid(SMILESS: O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O,cas:2150-55-2) is researched.Category: thiazole. The article 《Microbial conversion mechanism of D,L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid to L-cysteine in Pseudomonas species and its application》 in relation to this compound, is published in Current Topics in Biotechnology. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

A review. L-Cysteine which is widely used in food additives, nutritional infusions, and cosmetics and medicines has mainly been produced from hydrolyzates of hair by acid or alkali. As an alternative to this traditional method, a new microbial conversion method for L-cysteine production from a chem. synthesized precursor, D,L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (D,L-ATC), using Pseudomonas species was developed. From the studies on the microbial conversion process of D,L-ATC to L-cysteine in several Pseudomonas strains by several groups, it was found that there are two pathways via S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine (L-SCC, pathway 1) and via N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine (L-NCC, pathway 2) in the microbial conversion process. We isolated and identified the genes for ATC hydrolase and NCC amidohydrolase, which are involved in pathway 2 in Pseudomonas sp. ON-4a. The ATC hydrolase and NCC amidohydrolase expressed in Escherichia coli were purified and characterized. In this study, we clarified the mol. basis of the microbial conversion of D,L-ATC to L-cysteine. We propose that L-cysteine production from D,L-ATC can be effectively carried out by two continuous reactions using recombinant ATC hydrolase and NCC amidohydrolase.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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Computed Properties of C4H6N2O2S. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Microbial enzyme conversion of L-cysteine and L-cystine. Author is Liu, Zhong; Yang, Wenbo; Bai, Gang; Tian, Wang; Jin, Yongjie.

Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 isolated from soil samples was able to form L-cysteine from DL-2-Amiuo-δ2-Thiazoline-4-Carboxylic Acid (DL-ATC) after cultured 16 h. The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources of strain growth and enzyme formation are glucose and urea. This enzyme was induced by DL-ATC. The product was identified to be L-Cysteine based on thin layer chromatog., optical rotation and HPLC studies.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
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Ohmachi, Tetsuo; Nishino, Mizuka; Kawata, Maki; Edo, Namiko; Funaki, Hiroko; Narita, Megumi; Mori, Kazuyuki; Tamura, Yoshiharu; Asada, Yoshihiro published an article about the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2,SMILESS:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O ).Product Details of 2150-55-2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) through the article.

The newly isolated strain Pseudomonas sp. ON-4a converts D,L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (D,L-ATC) to L-cysteine via N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine. A genomic DNA fragment from this strain containing the gene(s) encoding enzymes that convert D,L-ATC into L-cysteine was cloned in Escherichia coli. Transformants expressing cysteine-forming activity were selected by growth of an E. coli mutant defective in the cysB gene. A pos. clone, denoted CM1, carrying the plasmid pCM1 with an insert DNA of approx. 3.4 kb was obtained, and the nucleotide sequence of a complementing region was analyzed. Anal. of the sequence found two open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, which encoded proteins of 183 and 435 amino acid residues, resp. E. coli DH5α harboring pTrCM1, which was constructed by inserting the subcloned sequence into an expression vector, expressed two proteins of 25 kDa and 45 kDa. From the analyses of crude extracts of E. coli DH5α carrying deletion derivatives of pTrCM1 by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by enzymic activity, it was found that the 25-kDa protein encoded by ORF1 was the enzyme L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid hydrolase, which catalyzes the conversion of D,L-ATC to N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine, and that the 45-kDa protein encoded by ORF2 was the enzyme N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine amidohydrolase, which catalyzes the conversion of N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine to L-cysteine.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Huai, Lihua; Chen, Ning researched the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ).Name: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.They published the article 《Effect of dissolved oxygen on production of L-cysteine synthetase by Pseudomonas sp. TS1138》 about this compound( cas:2150-55-2 ) in Shipin Kexue (Beijing, China). Keywords: dissolved oxygen cysteine synthetase Pseudomonas fermentation. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 has potential to produce L-cysteine synthetase through asym. hydrolysis of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC). The effect of dissolved oxygen level on the production of L-cysteine synthetase was investigated in shake flasks or 7 L bioreactor. The results indicated that the cell growth and the production of L-cysteine synthetase were inhibited at low dissolved oxygen level. Although cell growth was improved at the high dissolved oxygen level, the inhibition against production of L-cysteine synthetase was still observed in shake flasks. In 7 L bioreactor, dissolved oxygen concentration controlled at more than 30% was helpful for improving the cell growth and the production of L-cysteine synthetase through regulating agitation rate and air flow rate during the middle and late stage.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Category: pyrazines. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about The stability of L-ATC hydrolase participating in L-cysteine production.

In the production of L-cysteine from DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC), the stability of the relevant enzymes produced by Pseudomonas sp. was tested, and strategies to improve the stability of L-ATC hydrolase were investigated with respect to water activity and ionic strength. Among the 3 enzymes which participate in L-cysteine production, i.e., ATC racemase, L-ATC hydrolase, and S-carbamyl-L-cysteine hydrolase, L-ATC hydrolase is the least stable. Various mixtures of salts and sorbitol were added to adjust the water activities of the tested solutions As the water activity decreased from 0.93 to 0.80, the stability of L-ATC hydrolase was sharply enhanced. In the absence of sorbitol, the stability of L-ATC hydrolase increased in proportion to ionic strength. Even though enzyme stability was not good at a low ionic strength, it was enhanced by lowering the water activity with the addition of sorbitol. The half-life of L-ATC hydrolase in sorbitol-salt mixtures increased by 10- to 20-fold compared to that of a control.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ) is researched.Computed Properties of C4H6N2O2S.Lulinski, Piotr; Giebultowicz, Joanna; Wroczynski, Piotr; Maciejewska, Dorota published the article 《A highly selective molecularly imprinted sorbent for extraction of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid – Synthesis, characterization and application in post-mortem whole blood analysis》 about this compound( cas:2150-55-2 ) in Journal of Chromatography A. Keywords: molecularly imprinted sorbent extraction aminothiazolinecarboxylate synthesis characterization blood analysis; 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid; Dispersive solid phase extraction; Molecularly imprinted polymers; Post-mortem whole blood. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

In this paper, the optimized synthesis and detailed characterization of novel imprinted material for selective extraction of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) were described. The prepolymeric system contained 1-allyl-2-thiourea and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in methanol, THF and DMSO porogenic mixture and 2-aminothiazole-4-carboxylic acid which was used as the template for ATCA. This structural analog of the target analyte was found to provide the imprinted polymer with sufficient binding capacity (60.7 ± 0.9 μg g-1) and high selectivity (imprinting factor equal to 18.4) toward ATCA. The adsorption of ATCA was analyzed by the Langmuir model. The heterogeneous population of binding sites on the imprinted polymer was characterized by dissociation constants equal to 3.72 μg L-1 and 435 μg L-1 for high and low affinity binding sites, resp. The morphol. of the polymer was studied employing SEM and BET analyses and the composition was confirmed by EDS and 13C CP/MAS NMR analyses. Adsorption of amino acids on the imprinted material was tested to analyze the impact of the sample components. The superiority of the imprinted sorbent was proved in a novel dispersive solid phase extraction procedure of ATCA from post-mortem whole blood with respect to the extraction efficacy on the com. ion-exchange sorbents. The limit of quantification and limit of detection of ATCA in the new anal. method were 12 μg L-1 and 3.5 μg L-1, resp. The recovery of ATCA was in the range of 81-89% and the precision of the method ranged from 1.5 to 2.7%.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem