Category: 2150-55-2

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Decamethrin metabolism in rats, published in 1978, which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, mainly applied to decamethrin metabolism rat, Computed Properties of C4H6N2O2S.

On oral administration to male rats, the pyrethroid insecticide decamethrin (I) [52918-63-5] and various metabolites derived from its acid and alc. fragments were almost completely eliminated from the body within 2-4 days. Metabolites of the cyano substituent were eliminated more slowly, especially from the skin and stomach, due in the latter case to temporary retention of thiocyanate which was formed from released cyanide. The excreted metabolites included: esters monohydroxylated at the 2′, 4′, and 5 positions of the alc. moiety; 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [59952-39-5] and its glucuronide [66855-97-8] and glycine conjugate [66855-98-9] and a hydroxylated derivative [66855-99-0] of this acid, with the hydroxymethyl group trans to the carboxyl, and its glucuronide [66856-00-6]; 3-phenoxybenzoic acid [3739-38-6] and its glucuronide [57991-35-2] and glycine conjugate [57991-36-3], 3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid [35065-12-4] and its glucuronide [66856-01-7] and sulfate conjugate [58218-91-0], and 3-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid sulfate [61183-26-4]; thiocyanate [302-04-5] and 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid [2150-55-2]. Trans-Decamethrin [64363-96-8] was also rapidly metabolized in rats.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Tshala-Katumbay, Desire D.; Ngombe, Nadege N.; Okitundu, Daniel; David, Larry; Westaway, Shawn K.; Boivin, Michael J.; Mumba, Ngoyi D.; Banea, Jean-Pierre researched the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ).Category: pyrazines.They published the article 《Cyanide and the human brain: perspectives from a model of food (cassava) poisoning》 about this compound( cas:2150-55-2 ) in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Keywords: review cyanide intoxication brain food poisoning; cassava; cyanide; neurocognition; paralysis; warfare. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

A review. Threats by fundamentalist leaders to use chem. weapons have resulted in renewed interest in cyanide toxicity. Relevant insights may be gained from studies on cyanide mass intoxication in populations relying on cyanogenic cassava as the main source of food. In these populations, sublethal concentrations (up to 80 μmol/l) of cyanide in the blood are commonplace and lead to signs of acute toxicity. Long-term toxicity signs include a distinct and irreversible spastic paralysis, known as konzo, and cognition deficits, mainly in sequential processing (visual-spatial anal.) domains. Toxic culprits include cyanide (mitochondrial toxicant), thiocyanate (AMPA-receptor chaotropic cyanide metabolite), cyanate (protein-carbamoylating cyanide metabolite), and 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (seizure inducer). Factors of susceptibility include younger age, female gender, protein-deficient diet, and, possibly, the gut functional metagenome. The existence of uniquely exposed and neurol. affected populations offers invaluable research opportunities to develop a comprehensive understanding of cyanide toxicity and test or validate point-of-care diagnostic tools and treatment options to be included in preparedness kits in response to cyanide-related threats.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Determination of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid》. Authors are Bradham, L. S.; Catsimpoolas, Nicholas; Wood, John L..The article about the compound:2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acidcas:2150-55-2,SMILESS:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O).Quality Control of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) is conveyed.

Procedures are described for determination of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, using diazotized sulfanilic acid or the mercury-diphenylthiocarbazone reaction. The compound should first be separated from interfering substances such as are found in urine. Paper electrophoresis, ion displacement, or chromatography suffice for this purpose.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Tshala-Katumbay, Desire D.; Ngombe, Nadege N.; Okitundu, Daniel; David, Larry; Westaway, Shawn K.; Boivin, Michael J.; Mumba, Ngoyi D.; Banea, Jean-Pierre published an article about the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2,SMILESS:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O ).HPLC of Formula: 2150-55-2. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) through the article.

A review. Threats by fundamentalist leaders to use chem. weapons have resulted in renewed interest in cyanide toxicity. Relevant insights may be gained from studies on cyanide mass intoxication in populations relying on cyanogenic cassava as the main source of food. In these populations, sublethal concentrations (up to 80 μmol/l) of cyanide in the blood are commonplace and lead to signs of acute toxicity. Long-term toxicity signs include a distinct and irreversible spastic paralysis, known as konzo, and cognition deficits, mainly in sequential processing (visual-spatial anal.) domains. Toxic culprits include cyanide (mitochondrial toxicant), thiocyanate (AMPA-receptor chaotropic cyanide metabolite), cyanate (protein-carbamoylating cyanide metabolite), and 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (seizure inducer). Factors of susceptibility include younger age, female gender, protein-deficient diet, and, possibly, the gut functional metagenome. The existence of uniquely exposed and neurol. affected populations offers invaluable research opportunities to develop a comprehensive understanding of cyanide toxicity and test or validate point-of-care diagnostic tools and treatment options to be included in preparedness kits in response to cyanide-related threats.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 2150-55-2, is researched, SMILESS is O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O, Molecular C4H6N2O2SJournal, Article, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods called Spectrophotometric analysis of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), Author is Baskin, Steven I.; Petrikovics, Ilona; Platoff, Gennady E.; Rockwood, Gary A.; Logue, Brian A., the main research direction is cyanide metabolite aminothiazoline carboxylic acid preparation spectrophotometry.Application of 2150-55-2.

Methods of directly evaluating cyanide levels are limited by the volatility of cyanide and by the difficulty of establishing steady-state cyanide levels with time. We investigated the measurement of a stable, toxic metabolite, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), in an attempt to circumvent the challenge of directly determining cyanide concentrations in aqueous media. This study was focused on the spectrophotometric ATCA determination in the presence of cyanide, thiocyanate (SCN-), cysteine, rhodanese, thiosulfate, and other sulfur donors. The method involves a thiazolidine ring opening in the presence of p-(hydroxy-mercury)-benzoate, followed by the reaction with diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone). The product is spectrophotometrically analyzed at 625 nm in CCl4. The calibration curve was linear with a regression line of Y = 0.0022x (R2 = 0.9971). Interference of cyanide antidotes with the method was determined Cyanide, thiosulfate, butanethiosulfonate (BTS), and rhodanese did not appreciably interfere with the anal., but SCN- and cysteine significantly shifted the standard curve. This sensitive spectrophotometric method has shown promise as a substitute for the measurement of the less stable cyanide.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Shipin Kexue (Beijing, China) called Effect of dissolved oxygen on production of L-cysteine synthetase by Pseudomonas sp. TS1138, Author is Huai, Lihua; Chen, Ning, which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, SMILESS is O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, Name: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 has potential to produce L-cysteine synthetase through asym. hydrolysis of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC). The effect of dissolved oxygen level on the production of L-cysteine synthetase was investigated in shake flasks or 7 L bioreactor. The results indicated that the cell growth and the production of L-cysteine synthetase were inhibited at low dissolved oxygen level. Although cell growth was improved at the high dissolved oxygen level, the inhibition against production of L-cysteine synthetase was still observed in shake flasks. In 7 L bioreactor, dissolved oxygen concentration controlled at more than 30% was helpful for improving the cell growth and the production of L-cysteine synthetase through regulating agitation rate and air flow rate during the middle and late stage.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthetic Route of C4H6N2O2S. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Simultaneous analysis of 28 urinary VOC metabolites using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MSMS). Author is Alwis, K. Udeni; Blount, Benjamin C.; Britt, April S.; Patel, Dhrusti; Ashley, David L..

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in the environment, originating from many different natural and anthropogenic sources, including tobacco smoke. Long-term exposure to certain VOCs may increase the risk for cancer, birth defects, and neurocognitive impairment. Therefore, VOC exposure is an area of significant public health concern. Urinary VOC metabolites are useful biomarkers for assessing VOC exposure because of non-invasiveness of sampling and longer physiol. half-lives of urinary metabolites compared with VOCs in blood and breath. We developed a method using reversed-phase ultra high performance liquid chromatog. (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MSMS) to simultaneously quantify 28 urinary VOC metabolites as biomarkers of exposure. We describe a method that monitors metabolites of acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, benzene, 1-bromopropane, 1,3-butadiene, carbon-disulfide, crotonaldehyde, cyanide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethylbenzene, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, styrene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride and xylene. The method is accurate (mean accuracy for spiked matrix ranged from 84 to104%), sensitive (limit of detection ranged from 0.5 to 20 ng mL-1) and precise (the relative standard deviations ranged from 2.5 to 11%). We applied this method to urine samples collected from 1203 non-smokers and 347 smokers and demonstrated that smokers have significantly elevated levels of tobacco-related biomarkers compared to non-smokers. We found significant (p < 0.0001) correlations between serum cotinine and most of the tobacco-related biomarkers measured. These findings confirm that this method can effectively quantify urinary VOC metabolites in a population exposed to volatile organics There are many compounds similar to this compound(2150-55-2)Synthetic Route of C4H6N2O2S. if you want to know more, you can check out my other articles. I hope it will help you，maybe you’ll find some useful information.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recommanded Product: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Comparison of cyanide exposure markers in the biofluids of smokers and non-smokers. Author is Vinnakota, Chakravarthy V.; Peetha, Naga S.; Perrizo, Mitch G.; Ferris, David G.; Oda, Robert P.; Rockwood, Gary A.; Logue, Brian A..

Cyanide is highly toxic and is present in many foods, combustion products (e.g. cigarette smoke), industrial processes, and has been used as a terrorist weapon. In this study, cyanide and its major metabolites, thiocyanate and 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), were analyzed from various human biofluids of smokers (low-level chronic cyanide exposure group) and non-smokers to gain insight into the relationship of these biomarkers to cyanide exposure. The concentrations of each biomarker tested were elevated for smokers in each biofluid. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for thiocyanate in plasma and urine, and ATCA showed significant differences in plasma and saliva. Addnl., biomarker concentration ratios, correlations between markers of cyanide exposure, and other statistical methods were performed to better understand the relationship between cyanide and its metabolites. Of the markers studied, the results indicate plasma ATCA, in particular, showed excellent promise as a biomarker for chronic low-level cyanide exposure. In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid)Recommanded Product: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(2150-55-2).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Product Details of 2150-55-2. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Continuous L-cysteine production using immobilized cell reactors and product extractors. Author is Ryu, Ok Hee; Ju, Jae Yeong; Shin, Chul Soo.

Methods to improve the stability of L-cysteine-producing enzymes from Pseudomonas sp. M-38, both as whole cells and as immobilized cells, were investigated for the production of L-cysteine from DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC). Among the 3 L-cysteine-producing enzymes, only L-ATC hydrolase was unstable. However, the stability of L-ATC hydrolase was significantly enhanced by the addition of 20% sorbitol. In continuous L-cysteine production, >60% of the initial activity of L-ATC hydrolase remained after 1000 h at 37° with 40% sorbitol and at 30° with 20% sorbitol. A system involving a cascade of processes using 2 packed-bed reactors with immobilized cells and 2 L-cysteine extractors with the ion-exchange resin Dowex 50W was developed to reduce product inhibition and unreacted substrate. The overall productivity of the system was 43% higher than for 2 reactors without an ion-exchange extractor.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Ninhydrin-positive components derived from cystine during the cyanide-nitroprusside test》. Authors are Hambraeus, Leif; Reio, Lembitu.The article about the compound:2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acidcas:2150-55-2,SMILESS:O=C(C1N=C(N)SC1)O).Product Details of 2150-55-2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) is conveyed.

NaCN used in the cyanide-nitroprusside test of Brand et. al to determine cystine (I) in urine (CA 24, 3555) could be effectively replaced by NaBH4 which yielded about the same color intensity as when NaCN was used. However, the color produced by NaBH4 faded very quickly. Studies were made to obtain some qual. and quant. data regarding the ninhydrin-pos. components during the reaction between NaCN, I, and Na nitroprusside by means of an automatic amino acid analyzer. When freshly prepared com. NaCN was used, 2 peaks were obtained (one of I and cysteine). With the addition of NaCN and I, no addnl. peak was found, but a new peak appeared which corresponded to 4-carboxythiazolidinon-2-imide (II) formed due to the cleavage of I. With pure I, peaks of II and another peak of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid appeared.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem