Category: 148231-12-3

Toward a Rational Design of Poly(2,7-Carbazole) Derivatives for Solar Cells was written by Blouin, Nicolas;Michaud, Alexandre;Gendron, David;Wakim, Salem;Blair, Emily;Neagu-Plesu, Rodica;Belletete, Michel;Durocher, Gilles;Tao, Ye;Leclerc, Mario. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2008.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

From theor. models and calculations, several alternating polymeric structures were studied to develop optimized poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives for solar cell applications. Selected low band gap alternating copolymers were obtained via a Suzuki coupling reaction. A good correlation between DFT theor. calculations performed on model compounds and the exptl. HOMO, LUMO, and band gap energies of the corresponding polymers was obtained. This study reveals that the alternating copolymer HOMO energy level is mainly fixed by the carbazole moiety, whereas the LUMO energy level is mainly related to the nature of the electron-withdrawing comonomer. However, solar cell performances are not solely driven by the energy levels of the materials. Clearly, the mol. weight and the overall organization of the polymers are other important key parameters to consider when developing new polymers for solar cells. Preliminary measurements revealed hole mobilities of ∼1 × 10^-3 cm²/V-s and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 3.6%. Further improvements are anticipated through a rational design of new sym. low band gap poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Category: pyrazines).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

D-A-π-A featured sensitizers by modification of auxiliary acceptor for preventing “trade-off” effect was written by Zhu, Haibo;Liu, Bo;Liu, Jingchuan;Zhang, Weiwei;Zhu, Wei-Hong. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices in 2015.COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2 This article mentions the following:

Four D-A-π-A motif organic sensitizers (IQ9, IQ10, IQ11, and IQ12) in the absence or presence of thiophene substituents grafted onto the auxiliary acceptor of a quinoxaline unit were developed for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCsa). Upon changing the π-linker from benzene to thiophene, the photocurrent (J_sc) of IQ10 increases around 2-fold, and the photovoltage (V_oc) decreases by 52 mV compared to that of IQ9. It is attributed to the fact that compared with the benzene linker, the thiophene conjugated bridge in dye IQ10 induces a small twist in the mol. planarity, thus resulting in the high light-harvesting capability (beneficial to J_sc) and high charge recombination (unbeneficial to V_oc). To prevent this trade-off effect between photocurrent and photovoltage, the building block of 2,3-dithienylquinoxaline as an auxiliary unit is specifically incorporated, which brings forth several advantages such as distinctly extending the light-harvesting region, increasing molar absorption coefficients, and blocking the dye self-aggregation to reduce charge recombination. Remarkably, dye IQ12 exhibits a beneficial balance between J_sc (17.97 mA cm^-2) and V_oc (715 mV), along with a promising photovoltaic efficiency of 8.76%, much better than the corresponding dyes IQ9 (2.91%), IQ10 (7.75%) and IQ11 (6.56%). As demonstrated, the two twisted thiophene groups grafted onto the quinoxaline unit facilitate the resulting compact sensitizer layer to effectively overcome the charge recombination drawbacks in V_oc arising from the thiophene π-bridge linker, providing a rational mol. engineering to pursue the synergistic enhancement in the photocurrent and photovoltage for highly efficient organic sensitizers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

A Palette of Fluorescent Thiophene-Based Ligands for the Identification of Protein Aggregates was written by Shirani, Hamid;Linares, Mathieu;Sigurdson, Christina J.;Lindgren, Mikael;Norman, Patrick;Nilsson, K. Peter R.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.Quality Control of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

By replacing the central thiophene unit of an anionic pentameric oligothiophene with other heterocyclic moieties, a palette of pentameric thiophene-based ligands with distinct fluorescent properties were synthesized. All ligands displayed superior selectivity towards recombinant amyloid fibrils as well as disease-associated protein aggregates in tissue sections. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Quality Control of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Quality Control of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Quinoxaline-based poly(phenylenevinylene)s copolymers: structure and optical properties was written by Zhang, Li;Zhang, Qiu-yu;Zhang, He-peng;Guo, Fei-ge;Sun, Jiu-li. And the article was included in Gaofenzi Cailiao Kexue Yu Gongcheng in 2010.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

Low band gap polymers are expected to improve the efficiency of polymer solar cells. Polymers with donor-acceptor repeating units can lead to a reduction of band gap. Two novel poly(phenylenevinylene)s (PPV) copolymers PPV-QL and PPV-BPh containing alternating Ph rings and quinoxaline units were synthesized and characterized by NMR, FT-IR. The UV-vis absorption spectra in solution/films were characterized. The geometries of the oligomers were optimized using semi-empirical AMI. Although an alternate donor-acceptor repeating units has been imparted, PPV-QL and PPV-BPh still reveal a similar optical band gap value compared to homopolymer PPV. And the absorption maximum of PPV-QL and PPV-BPh was evidently blue-shifted comparison with that of PPV. The similar optical band gap and evident blue shift compared to PPV are mainly due to the large steric hindrance induced by the quinoxaline units which lead to destroyed chain coplanar. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Category: pyrazines).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazines”) found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “green” flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Fluorescence Modulation of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles Embedded in Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel was written by Namgung, Ho;Jo, Seonyoung;Lee, Taek Seung. And the article was included in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

A series of conjugated polymers (CPs) emitting red, green, and blue (RGB) fluorescence were synthesized via the Suzuki coupling polymerization Polymer dots (Pdots) were fabricated by the reprecipitation method from corresponding CPs, in which the Pdot surface was functionalized to have an allyl moiety. The CP backbones were based on the phenylene group, causing the Pdots to show identical UV-visible absorption at 350 nm, indicating that the same excitation wavelength could be used. The Pdots were covalently embedded in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel for further use as a thermoresponsive moiety in the polymer hydrogel. The polymer hydrogel with RGB emission colors could provide thermally reversible fluorescence changes. The size of the hydrogel varied with temperature change because of the PNIPAM’s shrinking and swelling. The swollen and contracted conformations of the Pdot-embedded PNIPAM enabled on-and-off fluorescence, resp. Fluorescence modulation with 20 to 80% of the hydrogel was possible via thermoreversibility. The fluorescent hydrogel could be a new fluorescence-tuning hybrid material that changes with temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Conjugated microporous polymers as heterogeneous photocatalysts for efficient degradation of a mustard-gas simulant was written by Zhi, Yongfeng;Yao, Zhengjie;Jiang, Wenbo;Xia, Hong;Shi, Zhan;Mu, Ying;Liu, Xiaoming. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2019.Name: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

Compared with traditional metal-based photosensitizers, heterogeneous and organic photocatalysts with visible-light activity are more environmentally friendly and sustainable. The simultaneous introduction of electron-rich and electron-deficient units in donor-acceptor typed conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) photocatalysts can significantly enhance their visible-light harvesting and separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Here, two carbazole-based CMPs (CzBSe-CMP and CzBQn-CMP) were successfully constructed through a cost-effective process. They show inherent porosity with large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and excellent thermal and chem. stability. Their photoelec. properties, energy levels, optical band gaps, transient photocurrent response, and photocatalytic activity could be conveniently tailored through tuning the electron-deficient moiety in polymer networks. More importantly, CzBSe-CMP was found to be a superior solid photocatalyst for selective photo-oxidation of mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethyl Et sulfide into a nontoxic product by using mol. oxygen as a sustainable oxygen source under visible-light illumination. In addition, the obtained CMP-based photocatalysts also showed excellent recyclability and could be reutilized through adding more simulants or a simple separation procedure. The current contribution provides great application prospects for CMPs as metal-free, solid photocatalysts in organic transformation and environmental protection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Name: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Name: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Surface self-assembly involving the interaction between S and N atoms was written by Wu, Tianhao;Xue, Na;Wang, Zhichao;Li, Jie;Li, Yaru;Huang, Wei;Shen, Qian;Hou, Shimin;Wang, Yongfeng. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2021.Quality Control of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

Controllable mol. self-assembly is vital for nanostructure construction. Here, three different self-assembling networks are realized by varying the chem. composition of the mol. building blocks of the same architecture. This is the first time that S···N electrostatic attraction has been employed to regulate surface self-assembly. All mol. structures are characterized using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy. The d. functional theory calculations elaborate the structure formation mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Quality Control of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazines”) found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “green” flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.Quality Control of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Molecular 5,8-π-extended quinoxaline derivatives as chromophores for photoluminescence applications was written by Aguiar, Leonardo de O.;Junior, Adalberto S. L.;Bechtold, Ivan H.;Curcio, Sergio Fernando;Cazati, Thiago;Alves, Tiago V.;Vieira, Andre Alexandre. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2019.Reference of 148231-12-3 This article mentions the following:

The 5,8-π-extended quinoxaline derivatives are widely studied due to their well-known photophys. and electrochem. properties. In order to investigate the structure-property relationship, a novel series of fluorescent calamitic liquid crystals based on the quinoxaline heterocycle was successfully synthesized and characterized. The final mols. presented calamitic mesomorphism with nematic and smectic phases. These compounds displayed intense green photoluminescence under UV light excitation in solution and in the solid state. In chloroform solution, the fluorescence quantum yields (Φ_FL = 0.54-0.62) of the quinoxaline-based derivatives were significantly higher than those previously described for similar benzothiadiazoles. The maximum emission peaks were between 511 and 520 nm with singlet excited-state lifetimes in the nanosecond timescale. The solvatochromism studies showed a significant dependence of the emission on the polarity of the solvent. Doping of the quinoxalines with fullerene C₆₀ suggests a charge transfer process, this being dependent on the π-conjugate core. The energy band gaps predicted with DFT calculations are in excellent agreement with the exptl. data. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Reference of 148231-12-3).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Reference of 148231-12-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

New quinoxaline derivatives as accepting units in donor-acceptor type low-band gap polymers for organic photovoltaic cells was written by Kim, Ji-Hoon;Song, Chang Eun;Kim, Hee Un;Kang, In-Nam;Shin, Won Suk;Park, Moo-Jin;Hwang, Do-Hoon. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry in 2013.Computed Properties of C8H4Br2N2 This article mentions the following:

A series of new donor-acceptor-type low-band-gap semiconducting polymers were synthesized as electron donors for organic photovoltaic cells. The polymers comprised quinoxaline derivatives as the acceptors and a benzodithiophene (BDT) derivative as the donors. 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (Qx), 8,11-dibromobenzo[a]phenazine (BPz), 10,13-dibromodibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DBPz), and 8,11-dibromo-5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzo[a]phenazine (CBPz) were synthesized and polymerized with 2,6-bis(trimethyltin)-4,8-diethylhexyloxybenzo-[1,2-b;3,4-b]dithiophene (BDT) through Stille cross-coupling to produce four types of fully conjugated semiconducting polymers: PBDT-Qx, PBDT-BPz, PBDT-DBPz, and PBDT-CBPz, resp. Intramol. charge transfer between the electron donating and accepting units in the polymeric backbone induced a broad absorption from 300 to 800 nm. The optical band gap energies of the polymers were measured from their absorption onsets to be 1.54-1.80 eV depending on the polymer structure. Solution-processed field-effect transistors were fabricated to measure the hole mobilities of the polymers, and bulk hetero-junction photovoltaic devices were fabricated using the synthesized polymers as electron donors and fullerene derivatives as electron acceptors. One of these devices showed a high power conversion efficiency of 3.87% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.78 V, a short-circuit current of 9.68 mA/Cm², and a fill factor of 0.51 under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) illumination conditions (100 mW/Cm²). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Computed Properties of C8H4Br2N2).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Computed Properties of C8H4Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Structurally diverse covalent triazine-based framework materials for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water was written by Meier, Christian B.;Clowes, Rob;Berardo, Enrico;Jelfs, Kim E.;Zwijnenburg, Martijn A.;Sprick, Reiner Sebastian;Cooper, Andrew I.. And the article was included in Chemistry of Materials in 2019.Electric Literature of C8H4Br2N2 This article mentions the following:

A structurally diverse family of 39 covalent triazine-based framework materials (CTFs) are synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensation and tested as hydrogen evolution photocatalysts using a high-throughput workflow. The two best-performing CTFs are based on benzonitrile and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone linkers, resp., with catalytic activities that are among the highest for this material class. The activities of the different CTFs are rationalized in terms of four variables: the predicted electron affinity, the predicted ionization potential, the optical gap, and the dispersibility of the CTFs particles in solution, as measured by optical transmittance. The electron affinity and dispersibility in solution are found to be the best predictors of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Electric Literature of C8H4Br2N2).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Electric Literature of C8H4Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem