Author: Jessica.F

Omaiye, Esther E. published the artcileElectronic Cigarette Refill Fluids Sold Worldwide: Flavor Chemical Composition, Toxicity, and Hazard Analysis, Category: pyrazines, the main research area is electronic cigarette fluid flavor toxicity hazard.

Flavor chems. in electronic cigarette (EC) fluids, which may neg. impact human health, have been studied in a limited number of countries/locations. To gain an understanding of how the composition and concentrations of flavor chems. in ECs are influenced by product sale location, we evaluated refill fluids manufactured by one company (Ritchy LTD) and purchased worldwide. Flavor chems. were identified and quantified using gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We then screened the fluids for their effects on cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and proliferation (live-cell imaging) and tested authentic standards of specific flavor chems. to identify those that were cytotoxic at concentrations found in refill fluids. A total of 126 flavor chems. were detected in 103 bottles of refill fluid, and their number per/bottle ranged from 1-50 based on our target list. Two products had none of the flavor chems. on our target list, nor did they have any nontargeted flavor chems. A total of 28 flavor chems. were present at concentrations ≥1 mg/mL in at least one product, and 6 of these were present at concentrations ≥10 mg/mL. The total flavor chem. concentration was ≥1 mg/mL in 70% of the refill fluids and ≥10 mg/mL in 26%. For sub-brand duplicate bottles purchased in different countries, flavor chem. concentrations were similar and induced similar responses in the in vitro assays (cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition). The levels of furaneol, benzyl alc., ethyl maltol, Et vanillin, corylone, and vanillin were significantly correlated with cytotoxicity. The margin of exposure calculations showed that pulegone and estragole levels were high enough in some products to present a nontrivial calculated risk for cancer. Flavor chem. concentrations in refill fluids often exceeded concentrations permitted in other consumer products. These data support the regulation of flavor chems. in EC products to reduce their potential for producing both cancer and noncancer toxicol. effects.

Chemical Research in Toxicology published new progress about Cell proliferation. 14667-55-1 belongs to class pyrazines, name is 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, and the molecular formula is C7H10N2, Category: pyrazines.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Kone, Koumba Mai published the artcilePod storage time and spontaneous fermentation treatments and their impact on the generation of cocoa flavour precursor compounds, Category: pyrazines, the main research area is cocoa pod storage fermentation flavor precursor compound.

Most of volatile flavor compounds occurred during the cocoa postharvest operations including pod storage and fermentation whom effects on these metabolites were aimed by the present study. Three different spontaneous fermentation treatments were performed on the farm, and the main isolated yeasts were identified using PCR-DGGE technique. Fermented cocoa beans were solar-dried, and their flavor compounds were identified using solid phase microextraction technique-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. The main results showed that Pichia kudriavzevii (Issatchenkia orientalis) was common yeast involved in the cocoa fermentation Thirty flavor precursor compounds grouped into six chem. families including alcs. and pyrazines were identified in raw cocoa samples. ACP showed that short durations of pod storage and fermentation promote the formation of flavor precursors of cocoa. No spontaneous cocoa fermentation treatment influenced the occurrence of aroma compounds The generation of flavor compounds depends only on the pod storage and the fermentative microorganisms of cocoa.

International Journal of Food Science and Technology published new progress about Candida tropicalis. 14667-55-1 belongs to class pyrazines, name is 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, and the molecular formula is C7H10N2, Category: pyrazines.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Song, Gongshuai published the artcileAnalysis of flavor change in the industrial production of fungal fermentation based mussel (Mytilus edulis) cooking liquor using a laser irradiation desorption based GC/MS method, Application of 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, the main research area is Mytilus Aspergillus cooking liquor flavor LID GC MS method.

The commonly discarded mussel cooking liquor (MCL) of Mytilus edulis is an important resource for industrial preparation of fungus (Aspergillus oryzae) fermented condiment. In this study, the fermentation degree of MCL was evaluated by analyzing the changes of volatile flavor using a newly established laser irradiation desorption (LID) method coupling a 450 nm blue semiconductor laser to a headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatog. mass spectrometry (HS-SPME GC/MS). Under the optimized laser conditions (laser power 10 W, irradiation time 5 min, sample volume 3 g), the effect of fungal fermentation was investigated, and a total of 52 volatile compounds in the fermented MCL were detected, such as furans, aromatic compounds, and sulfur and nitrogen containing compounds By strictly analyzing the characteristic volatiles, the MCL was well processed and the fermentation product showed a desirable and umami flavor, whereas the fishy and burnt smell was roughly removed. Compared with traditional anal. methods, the proposed LID-HS-SPME anal. showed significant characteristic profile and reduced time to only 5 min. The results indicated that the LID-HS-SPME anal. is reliable, efficient, and suitable for industrially used for monitoring the preparation of fungal fermented MCL.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Aspergillus oryzae. 14667-55-1 belongs to class pyrazines, name is 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, and the molecular formula is C7H10N2, Application of 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Park, Min Kyung published the artcileComparison of volatile profiles in Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat) soksungjang prepared with different starter cultures during fermentation, SDS of cas: 14667-55-1, the main research area is Fagopyrum pentanoic acid dimethyl carbonate Bacillus Lactobacillus food fermentation; Fermentation; Partial least squares-discriminant analysis; Soksungjang; Soybean koji; Volatile profiles.

This study investigated the differences and changes in the volatile profiles of buckwheat soksungjang (BS) inoculated with multiple microbial starters (Lactobacillus brevis + Aspergillus oryzae, BS-LA vs. Lactobacillus brevis + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, BS-LB) during fermentation using SPME coupled with GC-MS and partial least square-discriminant anal. BS samples fermented for 5 wk could be differentiated from other BS samples with shorter fermentation periods, and the BS-LA and BS-LB samples fermented for 5 wk were separated Acids, benzenes, and esters were main volatile compounds in both BS samples, however, their differences and changes were varied. The increase of 3-methylbutanoic acid was bigger in BS-LB than BS-LA, while the contents of 2- and 3-methylbutanal were relatively higher in BS-LA than BS-LB. Furthermore, the contents of esters of BS-LA significantly increased during fermentation These results indicate that the volatile profiles of BS samples depend on the fermentation periods and the combination of microbial starters.

Food Science and Biotechnology published new progress about Aspergillus oryzae. 14667-55-1 belongs to class pyrazines, name is 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, and the molecular formula is C7H10N2, SDS of cas: 14667-55-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Cho, Kye Man published the artcileComparative assessment of compositional constituents and antioxidant effects in ginseng sprouts (Panax ginseng) through aging and fermentation processes, Recommanded Product: 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, the main research area is Panax composition antioxidant aging fermentation process.

The main objectives of this research was to demonstrate fluctuations of compositional constituents and antioxidant effects in aging (AGS) and fermentation (FAGS) processes regarding beneficial qualities of food industry from dried ginseng sprouts (DGS). Moreover, our wok is the first to compare the influential factors on antioxidant and physicochem. properties. Total amino acids (4537 → 2129 → 2450 mg/100g) and volatiles (3538 → 1015 → 325 ng/g) decreased considerably during DGS → AGS → FAGS processes, specifically, arginine (2490 → 1034 → 1351 mg/100g) and β-farnesene (1940 → 202 → 19 ng/g) showed the predominant decrease rates. Total ginsenoside contents also decreased with 37.39 → 33.83 → 34.52 mg/g, however, the deglycosilated ginsenoside F2 (2.15 → 3.56 → 4.59 mg/g, 2.1-fold) and compound K (CK) (0.75 → 2.98 → 4.07 mg/g, 5.4-fold) increased with high variations. Interestingly, ginsenoside Re decreased with the highest variation rate (6.47 → 2.45 → 1.53 mg/g, 4.2-fold). The antioxidant capacities increased remarkably with approx. 2 times in DGS → AGS → FAGS steps as follows: ABTS assay > DPPH assay > hydroxyl radical scavenge > FRAP at 1000 μg/mL. In particular, processed ginseng sprouts were observed high values of total phenolic content (TPC) (2.4 → 4.9 → 5.5 GAE/g), total flavonoid content (TFC) (0.5 → 0.9 → 1.3 RE/g), and of maillard reaction products (MRP) (2.0 → 2.8 → 2.9 OD420nm) than DGS. Our results suggest that AGS and FAGS may be utilized as potential candidates on beneficial compositions and natural antioxidants for functional foods.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Aging of materials. 14667-55-1 belongs to class pyrazines, name is 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, and the molecular formula is C7H10N2, Recommanded Product: 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Lumma, William C. Jr. published the artcilePiperazinylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines with selective affinity for in vitro α-adrenergic receptor subtypes, Name: 8-Bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, the main research area is piperazinylimidazopyrazine preparation alpha adrenergic agonist; potential energy piperazinylimidazopyrazine; conformation piperazinylimidazopyrazine; NMR piperazinylimidazopyrazine; structure activity piperazinylimidazopyrazine.

The title compounds I (R = H, etc.; R1 = H, Cl, Me, etc.; R2 = H, piperazinyl, etc.; R3 = H, Cl, Ph, piperazinyl; R4 = H, piperazino or methylpiperazino) were prepared and evaluated in vitro for their affinity for α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors. 8-(1-piperazinyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine (II) [76537-53-6] was ∼70 times more selective than mianserin for the α2-receptor. Computer-assisted mol. modeling techniques were used to describe possible preferred conformations for receptor binding. Regioselective syntheses of the heterocyclic ring system are given. Literature NMR assignments for the imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine ring system were made. Conformational energies for II and its 5-position isomer in relation to the semirigid mianserin were estimated Structure-activity relations are discussed.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Molecular mechanics. 69214-34-2 belongs to class pyrazines, name is 8-Bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, and the molecular formula is C6H4BrN3, Name: 8-Bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Verevkin, Sergey P. published the artcileEnergetics of LOHC: Structure-Property Relationships from Network of Thermochemical Experiments and in Silico Methods, Application of 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, the main research area is liquid organic hydrogen carrier structure property relationship.

The storage of hydrogen is the key technol. for a sustainable future. We developed an in silico procedure, which is based on the combination of exptl. and quantum-chem. methods. This method was used to evaluate energetic parameters for hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions of various pyrazine derivatives as a seminal liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC), that are involved in the hydrogen storage technologies. With this in silico tool, the tempo of the reliable search for suitable LOHC candidates will accelerate dramatically, leading to the design and development of efficient materials for various niche applications.

Hydrogen published new progress about Combustion enthalpy. 14667-55-1 belongs to class pyrazines, name is 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, and the molecular formula is C7H10N2, Application of 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Lin, Daniel published the artcileVisible Light-Mediated Metal-Free Chlorodifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes by a Hypervalent Iodine EDA Complex, Synthetic Route of 14667-55-1, the main research area is arene heteroarene chlorodifluoromethylation visible light hypervalent iodine EDA complex.

A novel EDA complex comprised of a bis(chlorodifluoroacetoxy)iodoarene and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene is described, which enables the direct radical C(sp2)-H chlorodifluoromethylation of arenes and heteroarenes under monochromatic visible-light irradiation The procedure is mild, operationally simple, and utilizes com. available reagents. The developed conditions demonstrate compatibility with a host of commonly encountered functionalities and biol. relevant scaffolds, while showcasing the post-functionalization capabilities of the -CF2Cl moiety. Various mechanistic studies were performed to explore the EDA complex and radical generation pathway.

European Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about C-H bond activation. 14667-55-1 belongs to class pyrazines, name is 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, and the molecular formula is C7H10N2, Synthetic Route of 14667-55-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Yang, Ji-Su published the artcileVolatile metabolic markers for monitoring Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Product Details of C7H10N2, the main research area is Pectobacterium carotovorum volatile metabolic marker HS SPME GC MS; Cabbage; Pectobacterium; soft rot; solid-phase microextraction; volatile metabolic marker.

Identifying the extracellular metabolites of microorganisms in fresh vegetables is industrially useful for assessing the quality of processed foods. Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (PCC) is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes soft rot disease in cabbages. This microbial species in plant tissues can emit specific volatile mols. with odors that are characteristic of the host cell tissues and PCC species. In this study, we used headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatog. coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to identify volatile compounds (VCs) in PCC-inoculated cabbage at different storage temperatures HS-SPME-GC-MS allowed for recognition of extracellular metabolites in PCC-infected cabbages by identifying specific volatile metabolic markers. We identified 4-ethyl-5-methylthiazole and 3-butenyl isothiocyanate as markers of fresh cabbages, whereas 2,3-butanediol and Et acetate were identified as markers of soft rot in PCC-infected cabbages. These anal. results demonstrate a suitable approach for establishing non-destructive plant pathogen-diagnosis techniques as alternatives to standard methods, within the framework of developing rapid and efficient anal. techniques for monitoring plant-borne bacterial pathogens. Moreover, our techniques could have promising applications in managing the freshness and quality control of cabbages.

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology published new progress about Bacterial infection. 14667-55-1 belongs to class pyrazines, name is 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, and the molecular formula is C7H10N2, Product Details of C7H10N2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Nagnan-Le Meillour, Patricia published the artcileIdentification of potential chemosignals in the European water vole Arvicola terrestris, Safety of 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, the main research area is lipocalin santene cresol coumarin chemosignal.

The water vole Arvicola terrestris is endemic to Europe where its outbreak generates severe economic losses for farmers. Our project aimed at characterizing putative chem. signals used by this species, to develop new sustainable methods for population control that could also be used for this species protection in Great Britain. The water vole, as well as other rodents, uses specific urination sites as territorial and sex pheromone markers, still unidentified. Lateral scent glands and urine samples were collected from wild males and females caught in the field, at different periods of the year. Their volatile composition was analyzed for each individual and not on pooled samples, revealing a specific profile of flank glands in Oct. and a specific profile of urinary volatiles in July. The urinary protein content appeared more contrasted as males secrete higher levels of a lipocalin than females, whenever the trapping period. We named this protein arvicolin. Male and female liver transcript sequencing did not identify any expression of other odorant-binding protein sequence. This work demonstrates that even in absence of genome, identification of chem. signals from wild animals is possible and could be helpful in strategies of species control and protection.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Arvicola terrestris. 14667-55-1 belongs to class pyrazines, name is 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, and the molecular formula is C7H10N2, Safety of 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem