Author: Jessica.F

Lozano-Gonzalez, M.; Ovalle-Magallanes, B.; Rangel-Grimaldo, M.; De la Torre-Zavala, S.; Noriega, L. G.; Tovar-Palacio, C.; Tovar, A. R.; Mata, R. published the artcile< Antidiabetic in vitro and in vivo evaluation of cyclodipeptides isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens IB-MR-66e>, Safety of (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, the main research area is cyclodipeptides Pseudomonas antidiabetic postprandial state glucosidase.

Three cyclodipeptides [cyclo(L-Pro-L-Leu), 1; cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), 2; and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe), 3] were isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens IB-MR-66e. The structures were established by spectral means and corroborated by synthesis. The antidiabetic potential of compounds 1-3 was explored in vivo, in vitro and in silico. The three peptides showed important inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme. Further anal. in vivo using a sucrose tolerance test corroborated that compounds 1 and 3 (1-30 mg kg-1) significantly reduced the postprandial state. Peptide 1 (1-30 mg kg-1) also reduced the postprandial peak after a glucose challenge and exhibited significant hypoglycemia during an insulin tolerance test; thus, its antidiabetic action involved also an improvement of insulin utilization not related to Akt phosphorylation nor to an increment in mitochondrial bioenergetics nor insulin secretion.

New Journal of Chemistry published new progress about Antidiabetic agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Safety of (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Paravisini, Laurianne; Soldavini, Ashley; Peterson, Julie; Simons, Christopher T.; Peterson, Devin G. published the artcile< Impact of bitter tastant sub-qualities on retronasal coffee aroma perception>, Product Details of C11H18N2O2, the main research area is coffee bitter tastant quality retronasal aroma profile.

The impact of different bitter taste compounds on the retronasal perception of coffee aroma was investigated. A sorted napping experiment was carried out on thirteen compounds at iso-intense bitter concentrations Differences in perceptual bitter sub-qualities among the compounds were reported by Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Multiple Factor Anal. (MFA) analyses. Seven exemplar compounds were further selected to investigate the impact of taste sub-qualities on cross-modal flavor interactions. In general, the different bitter compounds, when paired with a coffee aroma isolate, significantly modified the perception of the retronasal coffee aroma profile. Interestingly, the three bitter compounds endogenous to coffee had the most similar impact on the coffee aroma profile. Further sensory anal. of these sample sets indicated no significant effect of the bitter compounds on the orthonasal perception. Gas Chromatog./Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) anal. of the volatile composition of the samples headspace also indicated negligible impact of the bitter compounds on aroma release. Altogether evidence of cross-modal interactions occurring at a higher cognitive level were demonstrated in a complex food sample, supporting the importance of multi-modal sensory integration on flavor perception.

PLoS One published new progress about Bitterness. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Product Details of C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Scales, Stephanie; Johnson, Sarah; Hu, Qiyue; Do, Quyen-Quyen; Richardson, Paul; Wang, Fen; Braganza, John; Ren, Shijian; Wan, Yadong; Zheng, Baojiang; Faizi, Darius; McAlpine, Indrawan published the artcile< Studies on the Regioselective Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (SNAr) Reaction of 2-Substituted 3,5-Dichloropyrazines>, Formula: C4HCl2IN2, the main research area is regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction substituted dichloropyrazine.

Differences in regioselectivity were observed during the SNAr reaction of amines with unsym. 3,5-dichloropyrazines. This study revealed that when the 2-position of the pyrazine was occupied with an electron-withdrawing group (EWG), nucleophilic attack occurred preferentially at the 5-position. When the 2-position was substituted with an electron-donating group (EDG), nucleophilic attack occurred preferentially at the 3-position. These results are reported along with a computational rationale for the exptl. observations based on the Fukui index at the reacting centers.

Organic Letters published new progress about Aromatic substitution reaction (nucleophilic, regioselective). 136866-30-3 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C4HCl2IN2, Formula: C4HCl2IN2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Kaaniche, Fatma; Hamed, Abdelaaty; Elleuch, Lobna; Chakchouk-Mtibaa, Ahlem; Smaoui, Slim; Karray-Rebai, Ines; Koubaa, Imed; Arcile, Guillaume; Allouche, Noureddine; Mellouli, Lotfi published the artcile< Purification and characterization of seven bioactive compounds from the newly isolated Streptomyces cavourensis TN638 strain via solid-state fermentation>, Recommanded Product: (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, the main research area is Agrobacterium Salmonella Streptomyces bioactive compound antibacterial; Antimicrobial activity; Diketopiperazine derivatives; Macrotetrolides; Phytopathogens; Solid-state fermentation; streptomyces.

The strain TN638 was isolated from Tunisian soil contaminated with industrial wastewater and selected for its potent antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram pos. bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 6538 and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) ATCCC 19117, and Gram neg. bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. tumefaciens) ATCC 23308 and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) ATCC 14028 and fungi: Candida albicans (C. albicans) ATCC 10231, Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) ATCC 58938 and Fusarium sp. We propose the assignment of our strain as Streptomyces cavourensis (S. cavourensis) TN638 strain. Work-up and purification of the strain extract using different chromatog. techniques afforded seven bio-compounds namely: Cyclo-(Leu-Pro) (1), Cyclo-(Val-Pro) (2), Cyclo-(Phe-Pro) (3), nonactin (4), monactin (5), dinactin (6) and trinactin (7). The three purified diketopiperazine (DKP) derivatives (1-3), demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens ATCC 23308 and S. typhimurium ATCC 14028. The four pure macrotetrolides (4-7), exhibited strong inhibitory effect against all tested Gram pos. and Gram neg. bacteria notably against A. tumefaciens ATCC 23308 and S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 with a min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) around 8μg/mL quite similar to that of ampicillin. Thus, we propose the use of the (SSF) active extract of the S. cavourensis TN638 strain as safe biol. product to control disease caused by plant pathogen A. tumefaciens.

Microbial Pathogenesis published new progress about Antibacterial agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Recommanded Product: (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Parasuraman, Paramanantham; Devadatha, B.; Sarma, V. Venkateswara; Ranganathan, Sampathkumar; Ampasala, Dinakara Rao; Reddy, Dhanasekhar; Kumavath, Ranjith; Kim, In-Won; Patel, Sanjay K. S.; Kalia, Vipin Chandra; Lee, Jung-Kul; Siddhardha, Busi published the artcile< Inhibition of microbial quorum sensing mediated virulence factors by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana>, Formula: C11H18N2O2, the main research area is sequence Pestalotiopsis extract virulence factor quorum sensing inhibitor antipathogenic; Pestalotiopsis sydowiana; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; anti-biofilm; anti-quorum sensing; gene expression; in silico.

Quorum sensing (QS)-mediated infections cause severe diseases in human beings. The control of infectious diseases by inhibiting QS using antipathogenic drugs is a promising approach as antibiotics are proving inefficient in treating these diseases. Marine fungal (Pestalotiopsis sydowiana PPR) extract was found to possess effective antipathogenic characteristics. The min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal extract against test pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was 1,000 μg/mL. Sub-MIC concentrations (250 and 500 μg/mL) of fungal extract reduced QSregulated virulence phenotypes such as the production of pyocyanin, chitinase, protease, elastase, and staphylolytic activity in P. aeruginosa PAO1 by 84.15%, 73.15%, 67.37%, 62.37%, and 33.65%, resp. Moreover, it also reduced the production of exopolysaccharides (74.99%), rhamnolipids (68.01%), and alginate (54.98%), and inhibited the biofilm formation of the bacteria by 90.54%. In silico anal. revealed that the metabolite of P. sydowiana PPR binds to the bacterial QS receptor proteins (LasR and RhlR) similar to their resp. natural signaling mols. Cyclo(- Leu-Pro) (CLP) and 4-Hydroxyphenylacetamide (4-HPA) were identified as potent bioactive compounds among the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR using in silico approaches. The MIC values of CLP and 4-HPA against P. aeruginosa PAO1 were determined as 250 and 125 μg/mL, resp. All the antivirulence assays were conducted at sub-MIC concentrations of CLP (125 μg/mL) and 4-HPA (62.5 μg/mL), which resulted in marked reduction in all the investigated virulence factors. This was further supported by gene expression studies. The findings suggest that the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR can be employed as promising QS inhibitors that target pathogenic bacteria.

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology published new progress about Antibacterial agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Formula: C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Begum Ahil, Sajeli; Hira, Kirti; Shaik, Ameer Basha; Pal, Pragya Paramita; Kulkarni, Onkar Prakash; Araya, Hiroshi; Fujimoto, Yoshinori published the artcile< L-Proline-based-cyclic dipeptides from Pseudomonas sp. (ABS-36) inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviate crystal-induced renal injury in mice>, SDS of cas: 2873-36-1, the main research area is sequence Pseudomonas proline cyclic dipeptide renal injury proinflammatory cytokine; Cyclic dipeptides; Cyclo(Val-Pro); IL-1β; IL-6; Oxalate-induced nephropathy; Pseudomonas; Renal inflammation; TNF-α.

Study on the constituents of bioactive culture broth extract (CBE) of Pseudomonas sp. (ABS-36) explored the secretion of an array of cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) and twenty of them had been isolated and reported in the present paper. Six major CDPs [cyclo(Leu-Pro) (1), cyclo(Val-Pro) (2), cyclo(Leu-hydroxy-Pro) (9), cyclo(Pro-Tyr) (10), cyclo(Pro-Ala) (11) and cyclo(Gly-Pro) (12)] exhibited pan cytokine inhibition effect by inhibiting key pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 tested under various cell based assays. With this background, the effect of these six CDPs in treating renal inflammation was screened using crystal-induced nephropathy model in mice at 50 mg/kg body weight through oral administration. cis-Cyclo(Val-Pro) (2) exhibited 57% inhibition of plasma IL-1β protein expression and 35.2% inhibition of elevated blood urea nitrogen. Further, cis-cyclo(Val-Pro) (2) attenuated renal injury as demonstrated by significant reduction of mRNA expressions of IL-1β (P < 0.01) and kidney injury marker-1 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, evaluation of tubular-necrosis, -dilation and -cast in the histol. sections exhibited moderate protection of renal tissues by cis-cyclo(Val-Pro) (2). All the tested CDPs reduced the nitrite production and were interestingly non-cytotoxic. The isolated fluorescing bacterial strain was identified as Pseudomonas species by comparison of 16S rDNA sequence and registered as ABS-36 strain GenBank Accession Number KT625586. International Immunopharmacology published new progress about 16S rRNA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, SDS of cas: 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Lv, Zhen-Cheng; Zhou, Xiang-Lu; Yan, Jia-Hui; Peng, Yong-Hong; Xu, Liang-Xiong published the artcile< Secondary Metabolites and Antifungal Activity of the Endophytic Fungus Streptomyces humidus SCB0232 from Water Chestnut>, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1, the main research area is Streptomyces extract antifungal agent Fusarium.

A new macrolide, named concanamycin H (1), together with 12 known compounds (2-13), was isolated from the endophytic Streptomyces humidus SCB0232 for the first time. Compounds 1-13 were identified by anal. of spectroscopic data. Compounds trienomycin A (2) and trienomycin E (3) exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against Fusarium verticillioides and Phytophthora infestans with IC50 values ranging from 32.64 to 72.35 μg·mL-1.

Chemistry of Natural Compounds published new progress about Fungicides. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. 22047-25-2, formula is C6H6N2O, Name is Acetylpyrazine. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry.. Reference of 22047-25-2.

Zych, Dawid;Slodek, Aneta;Malecki, Jan Grzegorz research published 《 2,2′:6′,2”-Terpyridine derivative with tetrazole motif and its analogues with 2-pyrazinyl or 2-thiazolyl substituents – Experimental and theoretical investigations》, the research content is summarized as follows. The synthesis of 4′-[4-(2-decyl-1,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]-2,2′:6′,2”-terpyridine and its analogs which contain substitutions at the central pyridine ring (positions 2 and 6) 2-pyrazinyl or 2-thiazolyl groups was reported. Photophys., optical studies and theor. calculations anal. with particular emphasis on the difference caused by the change of substituents was presented.

Reference of 22047-25-2, 2-Acetylpyrazine has been identified as one of the volatile flavor constituents in popcorn, wheat and rye bread crust.
2-Acetylpyrazine, also known as 1-pyrazinylethanone or fema 3126, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aryl alkyl ketones. These are ketones have the generic structure RC(=O)R’, where R = aryl group and R’=alkyl group. 2-Acetylpyrazine exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, 2-acetylpyrazine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. 2-Acetylpyrazine has a bitter, bread crust, and chip taste.
2-acetylpyrazine is a pyrazine that is substituted by an acetyl group at position 2. It has been identified as one of the volatile flavor constituents in popcorn, bread crust, vinegar, and potato snacks. It has a role as a flavouring agent. It is an aromatic ketone and a member of pyrazines.
2-Acetylpyrazine is a nitrogen containing compound that has been used in biological studies. 2-Acetylpyrazine has been shown to have inhibitory properties against the growth of prostate cancer cells and other cell lines. It also inhibits the production of fatty acids and epidermal growth factor, which are important for cellular proliferation. The inhibition is due to the photochemical properties of 2-acetylpyrazine, which cause the formation of reactive species that react with biological molecules. The reactive species may be generated by either a reaction mechanism or a reaction pathway that involve coordination geometry. 2-acetylpyrazine has also been used as a fluorescence probe for fatty acid detection in lipid bilayers and liposomes., 22047-25-2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. 22047-25-2, formula is C6H6N2O, Name is Acetylpyrazine. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry.. Related Products of 22047-25-2.

Zhu, Meiqing;Wang, Wenliang;Liu, Jia;Na, Risong;Li, Zhenfeng;Wang, Yi research published 《 A novel pyrene-based fluorescent probe for the rapid and efficient detection of Co²⁺ in HeLa cells and natural water samples》, the research content is summarized as follows. Excessive levels of Co²⁺ in the environment can cause serious diseases to humans and affect the growth of crops. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective methods for monitoring Co²⁺. In the present work, a novel, low-toxic fluorescent probe, PEPA ((E)-N’-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)pyrene-1-carbohydrazide), for the rapid and efficient detection of Co²⁺ is synthesized. PEPA shows high sensitivity, with a limit of detection of 0.104μM and a fast response to Co²⁺ (<4 min). The detection mechanism was confirmed by FT-IR, HRMS and DFT calculations Co²⁺ can restrict the free rotation of the C=N group and the pyrazine ring of PEPA, resulting in the enhancement of fluorescence. In addition, the recognition process of Co²⁺ can be realized with the naked eye (i.e., a color change from colorless to blue fluorescence). The successful detection of Co²⁺ in test strips and environmental water samples provides strong support for its application potential. Interestingly, the recovery rate of Co²⁺ detected by PEPA can reach 93% after being recovered four times. Importantly, PEPA was suitable for the fluorescence imaging of exogenous Co²⁺ in HeLa cells.

Related Products of 22047-25-2, 2-Acetylpyrazine has been identified as one of the volatile flavor constituents in popcorn, wheat and rye bread crust.
2-Acetylpyrazine, also known as 1-pyrazinylethanone or fema 3126, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aryl alkyl ketones. These are ketones have the generic structure RC(=O)R’, where R = aryl group and R’=alkyl group. 2-Acetylpyrazine exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, 2-acetylpyrazine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. 2-Acetylpyrazine has a bitter, bread crust, and chip taste.
2-acetylpyrazine is a pyrazine that is substituted by an acetyl group at position 2. It has been identified as one of the volatile flavor constituents in popcorn, bread crust, vinegar, and potato snacks. It has a role as a flavouring agent. It is an aromatic ketone and a member of pyrazines.
2-Acetylpyrazine is a nitrogen containing compound that has been used in biological studies. 2-Acetylpyrazine has been shown to have inhibitory properties against the growth of prostate cancer cells and other cell lines. It also inhibits the production of fatty acids and epidermal growth factor, which are important for cellular proliferation. The inhibition is due to the photochemical properties of 2-acetylpyrazine, which cause the formation of reactive species that react with biological molecules. The reactive species may be generated by either a reaction mechanism or a reaction pathway that involve coordination geometry. 2-acetylpyrazine has also been used as a fluorescence probe for fatty acid detection in lipid bilayers and liposomes., 22047-25-2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. 22047-25-2, formula is C6H6N2O, Name is Acetylpyrazine. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes. Product Details of C6H6N2O.

Zhu, JianCai;Niu, Yunwei;Xiao, ZuoBing research published 《 Characterization of the key aroma compounds in Laoshan green teas by application of odour activity value (OAV), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC x GC-qMS)》, the research content is summarized as follows. To investigate the key aroma compounds in Laoshan green teas (Huangshan (S1), Changling (S2), and Fangling (S3)), gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O), a flame photometric detector (FPD), odor activity value (OAV), and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. mass spectrometry (GC x GC-qMS) were employed. A total of 50 aroma compounds were perceived and 24 compounds were identified as important compounds related to OAV, such as di-Me sulfide (OAV: 126-146), skatole (OAV: 27-50), furaneol (OAV: 8-27), (Z)-jasmone (OAV: 16-23), 2-methylbutanal (OAV: 15-22), and 3-methylbutanal (OAV: 68-87). Furthermore, the S-curve method was used to research the effect of aroma compounds on the threshold of aroma recombination (AR). The AR thresholds decreased from 3.8 mL to 0.45, 0.66, 0.93, 0.95, 0.75, 1.09, 3.01, and 2.57 mL after addition of eight compounds (skatole, furaneol, (Z)-jasmone, α-damascenone, sclareololide, dihydroactinidiolide, vanillin, and δ-valerolactone), indicating that those compounds (OAV >1) were contributors to the overall aroma of Laoshan teas.

Product Details of C6H6N2O, 2-Acetylpyrazine has been identified as one of the volatile flavor constituents in popcorn, wheat and rye bread crust.
2-Acetylpyrazine, also known as 1-pyrazinylethanone or fema 3126, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aryl alkyl ketones. These are ketones have the generic structure RC(=O)R’, where R = aryl group and R’=alkyl group. 2-Acetylpyrazine exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, 2-acetylpyrazine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. 2-Acetylpyrazine has a bitter, bread crust, and chip taste.
2-acetylpyrazine is a pyrazine that is substituted by an acetyl group at position 2. It has been identified as one of the volatile flavor constituents in popcorn, bread crust, vinegar, and potato snacks. It has a role as a flavouring agent. It is an aromatic ketone and a member of pyrazines.
2-Acetylpyrazine is a nitrogen containing compound that has been used in biological studies. 2-Acetylpyrazine has been shown to have inhibitory properties against the growth of prostate cancer cells and other cell lines. It also inhibits the production of fatty acids and epidermal growth factor, which are important for cellular proliferation. The inhibition is due to the photochemical properties of 2-acetylpyrazine, which cause the formation of reactive species that react with biological molecules. The reactive species may be generated by either a reaction mechanism or a reaction pathway that involve coordination geometry. 2-acetylpyrazine has also been used as a fluorescence probe for fatty acid detection in lipid bilayers and liposomes., 22047-25-2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem