Month: February 2023

Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of pyrazines with an alkenyl side chain was written by Chen, Bin;Yang, Chu-Yao;Ye, De-Yong. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1996.Electric Literature of C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

Intramol. Diels-Alder reaction of a series of pyrazines bearing a 5-membered-ω-alkene side chain, I (X = O, SO, SO₂, S), in refluxing trifluoroacetic acid led to the formation of bridged tricyclic compounds II. These cycloadducts underwent retro Diels-Alder reaction in refluxing nitrobenzene to give the original pyrazines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Electric Literature of C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. Substituted pyrazines have been found as subunits of multiple synthetically constructed therapeutic agents, as well as several natural products.Electric Literature of C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis of tetramethylpyrazine metabolites was written by Liu, Xinyong;Ge, Weiying;Xu, Lijun;Zhang, Junren;Wang, Haiyan;Pan, Shuju. And the article was included in Shandong Yike Daxue Xuebao in 1997.COA of Formula: C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

2-Acetoxylmethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine, 3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine methanol and 3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine formic acid were prepared from tetramethylpyrazine oxidation The alc. and the acid were tested active in lowering both cholesterol and LDL level in rabbit. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3COA of Formula: C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.COA of Formula: C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Toward a Rational Design of Poly(2,7-Carbazole) Derivatives for Solar Cells was written by Blouin, Nicolas;Michaud, Alexandre;Gendron, David;Wakim, Salem;Blair, Emily;Neagu-Plesu, Rodica;Belletete, Michel;Durocher, Gilles;Tao, Ye;Leclerc, Mario. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2008.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

From theor. models and calculations, several alternating polymeric structures were studied to develop optimized poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives for solar cell applications. Selected low band gap alternating copolymers were obtained via a Suzuki coupling reaction. A good correlation between DFT theor. calculations performed on model compounds and the exptl. HOMO, LUMO, and band gap energies of the corresponding polymers was obtained. This study reveals that the alternating copolymer HOMO energy level is mainly fixed by the carbazole moiety, whereas the LUMO energy level is mainly related to the nature of the electron-withdrawing comonomer. However, solar cell performances are not solely driven by the energy levels of the materials. Clearly, the mol. weight and the overall organization of the polymers are other important key parameters to consider when developing new polymers for solar cells. Preliminary measurements revealed hole mobilities of ∼1 × 10^-3 cm²/V-s and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 3.6%. Further improvements are anticipated through a rational design of new sym. low band gap poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Category: pyrazines).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of photochemical reactions. Hydrogen abstraction in azaaromatics and carbonyls was written by Yamauchi, Seigo;Hirota, Noboru. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry in 1984.Related Products of 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

Transient ESR spectra were observed for the intermediate radicals in the photoinduced H abstractions of azaarom. mols. and carbonyls in Me₂CHOH. Temperature dependence was examined at -10 to -90°. The intermediate radicals are assigned from the spectra with partially resolved hyperfine structures. The precursory excited states for the reactions are determined from the signal polarities, and their properties are discussed in terms of the possible CIDEP mechanisms. The reactions occur from the T₁(nπ^*) states with neg. D values or the T₁(ππ^*) states with pos. D in the cases of azaaroms. In aromatic carbonyls the reactions occur from the T₁(nπ^*) or T₂(nπ^*) states with neg. D values, while in aliphatic carbonyls, from the T₁(nπ^*) states with pos. D values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Related Products of 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Substituted pyrazines have been found as subunits of multiple synthetically constructed therapeutic agents, as well as several natural products.Related Products of 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis, characterization and molecular structures of some tetraosmium carbonyl clusters containing pyridine or phenanthroline type ligands was written by Choi, Ya-Yin;Wong, Wing-Tak. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 1999.COA of Formula: C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

The reactions of activated tetraosmium carbonyl cluster [Os₄(μ-H)₄(CO)₁₁(NCMe)] (1) with monopyridyl ligands give new clusters [Os₄(μ-H)₄(CO)₁₁,(pyp)] (3) and [Os₄(μ-H)₄ (CO)₁₁(pya)] (4) (pyp = pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, pya = 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde). Similarly, the reactions of [Os₄(μ-H)₄(CO)₁₀(NCMe)₂] (2) with bipyridyl or phenanthroline type ligands afford [Os₄(μ-H)₄(CO)₁₀(bpy)] (5), [Os₄(μ-H)₄ (CO)₁₀(4,4′-diphenyl-2,3-bipyridine)] (6), [Os₄(μ-H)₄(CO)₁₀(phen)] (7), [Os₄(μ-H)₄(CO)₁₀(2,9-dimethyl-4,4′-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)] (8), and [Os₄(μ-H)₄(CO)₁₀(dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine)] (9), which exhibit interesting ring conformations. Treatment of 2 with the N-P mixed donor ligand diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine (dppy) gives a novel bridging cluster [Os₄(μ-H)₄(CO)₁₀(dppy)] (10). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3COA of Formula: C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazines”) found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “green” flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.COA of Formula: C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

D-A-π-A featured sensitizers by modification of auxiliary acceptor for preventing “trade-off” effect was written by Zhu, Haibo;Liu, Bo;Liu, Jingchuan;Zhang, Weiwei;Zhu, Wei-Hong. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices in 2015.COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2 This article mentions the following:

Four D-A-π-A motif organic sensitizers (IQ9, IQ10, IQ11, and IQ12) in the absence or presence of thiophene substituents grafted onto the auxiliary acceptor of a quinoxaline unit were developed for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCsa). Upon changing the π-linker from benzene to thiophene, the photocurrent (J_sc) of IQ10 increases around 2-fold, and the photovoltage (V_oc) decreases by 52 mV compared to that of IQ9. It is attributed to the fact that compared with the benzene linker, the thiophene conjugated bridge in dye IQ10 induces a small twist in the mol. planarity, thus resulting in the high light-harvesting capability (beneficial to J_sc) and high charge recombination (unbeneficial to V_oc). To prevent this trade-off effect between photocurrent and photovoltage, the building block of 2,3-dithienylquinoxaline as an auxiliary unit is specifically incorporated, which brings forth several advantages such as distinctly extending the light-harvesting region, increasing molar absorption coefficients, and blocking the dye self-aggregation to reduce charge recombination. Remarkably, dye IQ12 exhibits a beneficial balance between J_sc (17.97 mA cm^-2) and V_oc (715 mV), along with a promising photovoltaic efficiency of 8.76%, much better than the corresponding dyes IQ9 (2.91%), IQ10 (7.75%) and IQ11 (6.56%). As demonstrated, the two twisted thiophene groups grafted onto the quinoxaline unit facilitate the resulting compact sensitizer layer to effectively overcome the charge recombination drawbacks in V_oc arising from the thiophene π-bridge linker, providing a rational mol. engineering to pursue the synergistic enhancement in the photocurrent and photovoltage for highly efficient organic sensitizers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Whole-Molecule Calculation of Log P Based on Molar Volume, Hydrogen Bonds, and Simulated ¹³C NMR Spectra was written by Schnackenberg, Laura K.;Beger, Richard D.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling in 2005.Product Details of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

The prediction of Log P is usually accomplished using either substructure or whole-mol. approaches. However, these methods are complicated, and previous whole-mol. approaches have not been successful for the prediction of Log P in very complex mols. The observed chem. shifts in NMR spectroscopy are related to the electrostatics at the nucleus, which are influenced by solute-solvent interactions. The different solvation effects on a mol. by either water or methanol have a strong effect on the NMR chem. shift value. Therefore, the chem. shift values observed in an aqueous and organic solvent should correlate to Log P. This paper develops a rapid, objective model of Log P based on molar volume, hydrogen bonds, and differences in calculated ¹³C NMR chem. shifts for a diverse set of compounds A partial least squares (PLS) model of Log P built on the sum of carbon chem. shift differences in water and methanol, molar volume, number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in 162 diverse compounds gave an r² value of 0.88. The average r² for 10 training models of Log P made from 90% of the data was 0.87±0.01. The average q² for 10 leave-10%-out cross-validation test sets was 0.87±0.05. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Product Details of 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Product Details of 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Coordination ambivalence and fluxional behavior in mono- and binuclear pentacarbonyltungsten complexes of pteridine and its deaza derivatives was written by Bessenbacher, Christian;Kaim, Wolfgang. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 1989.HPLC of Formula: 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

WL(CO)₅ (L = pteridine (pte), 1,5-naphthyridine, (npt), 1,4,5-triazanaphthalene (tan), 1,4,6-triazanaphthalene) and W₂(CO)₁₀L¹ (L¹ = pt, npt) were prepared Unambiguous identification of coordination sites was only possible by use of high-resolution ¹H NMR because the chem. shifts and spin-spin coupling constants are characteristically affected by W(CO)₅-coordination to neighboring N centers. Fluxional behavior with respect to the peri coordination sites was observed for W(CO)₅(1,4,5-tan) and W(CO)₁₀(pte). Competition between the more basic pyridine or pyrimidine and the better π backdonating pyrazine N centers leads to various positions for the nondegenerate equilibrium between linkage isomers. Cyclic voltammetry and solvent-dependent charge transfer absorption spectra of the complexes reveal low-lying π^* levels which can become populated after chem. or electrochem. reduction, the spin distribution in the centrosym. binuclear complex of 1,5-naphthyridine anion radical was fully characterized using ESR and results from MO calculations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3HPLC of Formula: 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.HPLC of Formula: 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Multicolor Self-Assembled Fluorene Co-Oligomers: From Molecules to the Solid State via White-Light-Emitting Organogels was written by Abbel, Robert;van der Weegen, Rob;Pisula, Wojciech;Surin, Mathieu;Leclere, Philippe;Lazzaroni, Roberto;Meijer, E. W.;Schenning, Albertus P. H. J.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2009.Synthetic Route of C8H4Br2N2 This article mentions the following:

Five fluorene-based co-oligomers were prepared and the self-assembly was studied in a wide range of concentrations, from dilute solutions to the solid state. Subtle changes to the chem. structure, introduced to tune the emission colors over the entire visible range, induce strong differences in aggregation. Only two of the fluorescent co-oligomer derivatives self-assemble to form soluble fibrils from which fluorescent organogels emerge at higher concentrations In contrast, the other compounds form precipitates Mixed fluorescent co-oligomer systems exhibit partial energy transfer, which allows the creation of white-light-emitting gels. A mechanism for the hierarchical self-assembly of the fluorene oligomers is proposed based on exptl. results and mol. modeling calculations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Synthetic Route of C8H4Br2N2).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Synthetic Route of C8H4Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis and protective effect of new ligustrazine-vanillic acid derivatives against CoCl₂-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells was written by Xu, Bing;Xu, Xin;Zhang, Chenze;Zhang, Yuzhong;Wu, GaoRong;Yan, Mengmeng;Jia, Menglu;Xie, Tianxin;Jia, Xiaohui;Wang, Penglong;Lei, Haimin. And the article was included in Chemistry Central Journal in 2017.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

To develop new ligustrazine derivatives with neuroprotective effects, the synthesis of several ligustrazine-vanillic acid amide derivatives I [R = hydroxy, methylamino, 2-aminonaphthyl, etc.] and screened their protective effect on the injured PC12 cells damaged by CoCl₂. The results showed that most of the newly synthesized compounds I exhibited higher activity than ligustrazine, of which, compound I [R = 3-(dimethylamino)anilino] displayed the highest potency with EC₅₀ values of 17.39 ± 1.34 μM. Structure-activity relationships were studied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Category: pyrazines).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem