Month: February 2023

Syntheses of pyrazines. I was written by Tsai, Songchuan;Chang, Zhangfu;Wang, Wingziang;Chang, Ming;Ji, Suping. And the article was included in Nanjing Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexue in 1984.Application of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

Six alkylpyrazines I (R = Me, Et; R¹ = Et, CHMe₂; R² = H, Me) were prepared by the cyclocondensation of H₂NCHR²CH₂NH₂ and RCOCOR¹, followed by catalytic dehydrogenation. Oxidation of I (R = Me, Et, R¹ = Et, R² = H, Me) with Na₂Cr₂O₇ and AcOH gave acetylpyrazines I (R = Me, Et, R¹ = Ac, R² = H, Me). 2-Acetylpyrazine was prepared by the cyclocondensation of o-C₆H₄(NH₂)₂ with glyoxal to give quinoxaline, then oxidation and decarboxylation to pyrazinecarboxylic acid, followed by esterification and Claisen condensation with AcOEt. All pyrazines prepared have unique aroma useful for food flavorings. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Application of 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Application of 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Metal-catalyzed oxidations. Part 6. Molybdenum-catalyzed olefin epoxidation: ligand effects was written by Thiel, Werner R.;Eppinger, Joerg. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 1997.Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

0E synthesized substituted pyrazolylpyridine ligands to examine their donor properties by spectroscopic (IR, NMR) and computational (AM1) methods. The influence of the substitution patterns on spectroscopic and thermodn. features of molybdenum oxobisperoxo complexes [(L-L)MoO(O₂)₂] [L-L = 2-(1-alkyl-3-pyrazolyl)pyridine/pyrazine] correlates with the activities of the complexes in catalytic olefin epoxidation reactions. This further proof for the relation between the Lewis acidity and the catalytic activity of epoxidation catalysts supports a reaction mechanism in which the peroxo complex activates the oxidizing agent (H₂O₂, ROOH) instead of directly transferring an oxygen atom from a 鐣?sup>2-peroxo ligand to the olefin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Electric Literature of C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis, mechanochromism and acid response of fluorescence dyes based on quinoxalines modified with tetraphenylethlenes was written by Sun, Jingbo;Zhang, Gonghe;Jia, Xiaoyu;Xue, Pengchong;Jia, Junhui;Lu, Ran. And the article was included in Huaxue Xuebao in 2016.Recommanded Product: 148231-12-3 This article mentions the following:

Three new D-锜?A type quinoxalines modified with tetraphenylethylenes BTPQ, DBTPQ and BTBQ were synthesized via Suzuki coupling reactions between (4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)boronic acid and bromo aromatic hydrocarbons. It was found that BTPQ and DBTPQ, in which tetraphenylethylenes were substituted on 5,8-positions of quinoxalines gave the absortion bands at 316 nm and 303 nm, resp., originated from 锜?锜? transition. For BTBQ, in which tetraphenylethylene units were located at 2,3-positions of quinoxaline, the 锜?锜? transition absorption blue-shifted to 287 nm on account of the poor planarity and low conjugation. Meanwhile, the intermol. charge transfer (ICT) emission could be detected for BTPQ and DBTPQ, whose emission bands red-shifted significantly and emission intensities decreased with increasing the solvent polarities. It should be noted that the three compounds exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behaviors. For instance, when the water faction in the THF solution increased to 90%, the emission intensity at ca. 400 nm for BTBQ, was ca. 54 times higher than that in THF. Addnl., trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) could lead to the changes of color and emitting color of BTBQ in solution as well as in solid state due to the formation of protonated quinoxaline. We found that the gray solid of BTBQ could turn into red one upon exposed to gaseous TFA, accompanying with the quench of the emission. Other kinds of acids of HCl, HNO₃ and acetic acid also could lead to the fluorescence quenching of solid BTBQ to some extent. Therefore, BTBQ could be used as sensory material to detect acid vapors by naked eyes. However, the protonation would be prohibited in BTPQ and DBTPQ on account of the steric effect of tetraphenylethylene units linked to 5,8-positions of quinoxaline, so BTPQ and DBTPQ could not detect acid. Interestingly, the solid emitting colors of BTPQ as well as DBTPQ were quite different before and after grinding, exhibiting mechanochromic properties. The as-prepared crystal of BTPQ emitting blue light under UV irradiation could be changed into amorphous powder with bluish green emission. The XRD patterns suggested that the mechanochromism was originated from the transition between the crystalline and amorphous states. Such mechanochromism was reversible under the treatment of grinding and heating/fuming with DCM. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Recommanded Product: 148231-12-3).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, 浼?hydroxyketone, 浼?methyl ketone. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Recommanded Product: 148231-12-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Development of Large-Scale Routes to Potent GPR119 Receptor Agonists was written by Matsuoka, Richard T.;Boros, Eric E.;Brown, Andrew D.;Bullock, Kae M.;Canoy, Will L.;Carpenter, Andrew J.;Cobb, Jeremy D.;Condon, Shannon E.;Deschamps, Nicole M.;Elitzin, Vassil I.;Erickson, Greg;Fang, Jing M.;Igo, David H.;Joshi, Biren K.;Kaldor, Istvan W.;Mitchell, Mark B.;Peckham, Gregory E.;Reynolds, Daniel W.;Salmon, Matthew C.;Sharp, Matthew J.;Tabet, Elie A.;Toczko, Jennifer F.;Wu, Lianming Michael;Zhou, Xiao-ming M.. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2016.Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine This article mentions the following:

Practical and scalable syntheses were developed that were used to prepare multi kilogram batches of GSK1292263A (1) and GSK2041706A (15), two potent G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonists. Both syntheses employed relatively cheap and readily available starting materials, and both took advantage of an S_NAr synthetic strategy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine (cas: 912773-21-8Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine).

2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine (cas: 912773-21-8) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis, spectral characterization, dna interaction and anticancer evaluation of transition metal complexes of hydroxamic acid derivative was written by Hegde, Divya S.;Gudasi, Kalagouda B.. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2016.Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

A novel tetradentate chelating ligand, N閳?(1-(hydroxyamino)-1-oxopropan-2-ylidene)pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide and its Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, spectral (vibrational, electronic, ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR and Mass) and thermal studies. The interaction of ligand and complexes with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been extensively studied using absorption, emission, viscosity and thermal denaturation studies with E. coli DNA. The DNA cleavage ability of ligand and metal complexes was tested using plasmid pBR322 DNA by gel electrophoresis method. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells of different origin such as MCF-7, Mia-Pa-Ca-2 and DU-145 by using SRB(sulforhodamineB) assay. The copper and iron complex have shown better anticancer activity as compared to other compounds under study. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Multifunctional luminescent material based on quinoxaline and triphenylamine groups, polymorphism, mechanochromic luminescence, and applications in high-efficiency fluorescent OLEDs was written by Wen, Zhengjie;Yang, Tingting;Zhang, Di;Wang, Zhengqin;Dong, Shufan;Xu, Huixia;Miao, Yanqin;Zhao, Bo;Wang, Hua. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices in 2022.Electric Literature of C8H4Br2N2 This article mentions the following:

Multifunctional materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE), mechanochromic luminescence and electroluminescent (EL) features in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are demonstrated to be promising applications in many fields. Herein, we present our work on TQT, using quinoxaline as an acceptor and triphenylamine (TPA) as a donor with a D-A-D sym. structure. TQT exhibits high-contrast polymorph-dependent emission, from green to red, and multicolor mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) in aggregate states. Five different crystals (TQT-G = 530 nm, TQT-Y = 575 nm, TQT-Y1 = 584 nm, TQT-O = 593 nm, and TQT-R = 600 nm) were obtained via the slow evaporation of a mixed solution All crystals and powder phases switch to showing emission at 546 nm after grinding. Among them, TQT-G exhibited remarkable H-aggregate behavior, while TQT-Y tends to form a J-aggregate state. TQT-G and TQT-Y1 have similar configurations and packing models but completely different emission characteristics. A doped device with 20 wt% TQT and a non-doped device showed good electroluminescence performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Electric Literature of C8H4Br2N2).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Electric Literature of C8H4Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Benzodipyrrole-based Donor-Acceptor-type Boron Complexes as Tunable Near-infrared-Absorbing Materials was written by Nakamura, Tomoya;Furukawa, Shunsuke;Nakamura, Eiichi. And the article was included in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2016.Safety of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

Benzodipyrrole-based donor-acceptor boron complexes were designed and synthesized as near-IR-absorbing materials. The electron-rich organic framework combined with the Lewis acidic boron co-ordination enabled us to tune the LUMO energy level and the HOMO-LUMO gap (i.e.,the absorption wavelength) by changing the organic acceptor units, the number of boron atoms, and the substituents on the boron atoms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Safety of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, 浼?hydroxyketone, 浼?methyl ketone. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Safety of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Electronic structure of small band gap oligomers based on cyclopentadithiophenes and acceptor units was written by Karsten, Bram P.;Bijleveld, Johannes C.;Viani, Lucas;Cornil, Jerome;Gierschner, Johannes;Janssen, Rene A. J.. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry in 2009.Related Products of 148231-12-3 This article mentions the following:

A combined exptl. and theor. study was carried out on a series of well-defined small band gap oligomers. The cyclopentadithiophene oligomers were prepared by Suzuki coupling of thiopheneboronic esters and dibromophenylquinoxaline compounds These oligomers comprise two terminal electron-rich cyclopentadithiophene units connected to six different electron deficient aromatic rings that allow tuning the optical band gap from 1.4 to 2.0 eV. The optical absorption of the ground state, triplet excited state, and radical cation was studied. The optical band gap correlates with the electrochem. oxidation and reduction potential and is further supported by quantum-chem. calculations at the d. functional theory (DFT) level. The optical absorption of the radical cations shows only little variations among the different oligomers, suggesting that the charge is mainly localized on the donor moieties. Triplet energy levels are generally low (<1.2 eV) and the singlet-triplet splitting remains significant when going to smaller band gaps. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Related Products of 148231-12-3).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Related Products of 148231-12-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Palladium-catalyzed difluoromethylthiolation of heteroaryl bromides, iodides, triflates and aryl iodides was written by Wu, Jiang;Liu, Yafei;Lu, Changhui;Shen, Qilong. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2016.Computed Properties of C4H2BrClN2 This article mentions the following:

Palladium-catalyzed difluoromethylthiolation of heteroaryl halides and triflates under mild conditions was described. A vast range of heteroaryl halides such as pyridyl, quinolinyl, benzothiazolyl, thiophenyl, carbazolyl and pyrazolyl halides could be difluoromethylthiolated efficiently, thus providing medicinal chemists with new tools for their search of new led compounds for drug discovery. Likewise, aryl iodides were difluoromethylthiolated in high yields under a modified reaction condition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine (cas: 912773-21-8Computed Properties of C4H2BrClN2).

2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine (cas: 912773-21-8) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Computed Properties of C4H2BrClN2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Design, synthesis, and biological activities of novel Ligustrazine derivatives was written by Cheng, Xian-Chao;Liu, Xin-Yong;Xu, Wen-Fang;Guo, Xiu-Li;Ou, Yang. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2007.Computed Properties of C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

A series of novel Ligustrazine derivatives was designed, synthesized, and assayed for their protective effects on damaged ECV-304 cells and antiplatelet aggregation activities. The results showed that most Ligustrazine derivatives exhibited lower EC₅₀ values for protective effects on the ECV-304 cells damaged by hydrogen peroxide in comparison with Ligustrazine. And some Ligustrazine derivatives presented better antiplatelet aggregation activities than Ligustrazine. The derivatives containing the bisphenylmethyl pharmacophore (7a-c) exhibited highest potency. Compound 7a displayed most potential protective effects on the ECV-304 cells damaged by hydrogen peroxide, and compound 7c was found to be the most active antiplatelet aggregation agent. Structure-activity relationships were briefly discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Computed Properties of C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Computed Properties of C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem