Month: February 2023

A Kinome-Wide Selective Radiolabeled TrkB/C Inhibitor for in Vitro and in Vivo Neuroimaging: Synthesis, Preclinical Evaluation, and First-in-Human was written by Bernard-Gauthier, Vadim;Bailey, Justin J.;Mossine, Andrew V.;Lindner, Simon;Vomacka, Lena;Aliaga, Arturo;Shao, Xia;Quesada, Carole A.;Sherman, Phillip;Mahringer, Anne;Kostikov, Alexey;Grand’Maison, Marilyn;Rosa-Neto, Pedro;Soucy, Jean-Paul;Thiel, Alexander;Kaplan, David R.;Fricker, Gert;Wangler, Bjorn;Bartenstein, Peter;Schirrmacher, Ralf;Scott, Peter J. H.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Formula: C9H8ClN3O2 This article mentions the following:

The proto-oncogenes NTRK1/2/3 encode the tropomyosin receptor kinases TrkA/B/C which play pivotal roles in neurobiol. and cancer. We describe herein the discovery of [¹¹C]-(R)-3 ([¹¹C]-(R)-IPMICF16), a first-in-class positron emission tomog. (PET) TrkB/C-targeting radiolabeled kinase inhibitor lead. Relying on extensive human kinome vetting, we show that (R)-3 is the most potent and most selective TrkB/C inhibitor characterized to date. It is demonstrated that [¹¹C]-(R)-3 readily crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rodents and selectively binds to TrkB/C receptors in vivo, as evidenced by entrectinib blocking studies. Substantial TrkB/C-specific binding in human brain tissue is observed in vitro, with specific reduction in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) vs. healthy brains. We addnl. provide preliminary translational data regarding the brain disposition of [¹¹C]-(R)-3 in primates including first-in-human assessment. These results illustrate for the first time the use of a kinome-wide selective radioactive chem. probe for endogenous kinase PET neuroimaging in human. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 6-chloroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxylate (cas: 1150566-27-0Formula: C9H8ClN3O2).

Ethyl 6-chloroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxylate (cas: 1150566-27-0) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Formula: C9H8ClN3O2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Scaffold evaluation of liguzinediol analogs as novel cardiotonic agents was written by Liu, Z.;Li, W.;Qin, K.;Wen, K.;Zhu, C. J.;Li, N. G.;Bian, H. M.;Wen, H. M.;Chen, L.. And the article was included in Pharmazie in 2013.Reference of 75907-74-3 This article mentions the following:

Liguzinediol (LZDO) could mediate the pos. inotropic effects through sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase-dependent mechanism without the risk of arrhythmia. However, the pharmacophore of LZDO contributed to the activities was not clear. The aim of this work was to explore the relationship between pos. inotropic effect and scaffold of LZDO as well as to check whether the pharmacophore of LZDO on anti-heart failure activity was located at the pyrazine ring. A series of LZDO analogs (3a-b, 4a-b, 9-19) were designed and synthesized, and their activities were evaluated on isolated heart contractility by Lan- gendorff perfusion. The results showed that the efficacy of LZDO was reduced when the hydroxyl, carboxyl or ester moieties at the side chain position of LZDO were induced, and the para-dihydroxy in LZDO was necessary for its activity. Thus, the pharmacophore of the pos. inotropic effect might be located at the whole scaffold of LZDO, but not at the pyrazine ring. The finding may provide an important clue of the pharmacophore for the development of novel cardiotonic agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Reference of 75907-74-3).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Reference of 75907-74-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Regioselectivity in the catalytic hydrogenation of some pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines was written by Cosmao, Jean Marie;Collignon, Noel;Queguiner, Guy. And the article was included in Canadian Journal of Chemistry in 1982.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

Catalytic hydrogenation of pyridopyrazines I (R = H, R¹ = Me, Ph; R = R¹ = Me) on Pd-C in EtOH gave mixtures of the 1,2,3,4- and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro derivatives Similar reduction of I (R = R¹ = H) takes place on the pyrazine ring and, in the case of I (R = R¹ = Ph) (II) the pyridine ring is reduced. In pure AcOH this reduction provides only 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines. A study of the reduction of II and several di- and tetrahydro derivatives as a function of solvent acidity suggests that the observed selectivity could result from the isomerization of partially hydrogenated intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Category: pyrazines).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Substituted pyrazines have been found as subunits of multiple synthetically constructed therapeutic agents, as well as several natural products.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Homo- and Copolymers Based on Carbon-Bridged Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s for Efficient Fluorescence over the Entire Visible Region was written by Nishioka, Hiroki;Tsuji, Hayato;Nakamura, Eiichi. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2018.COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2 This article mentions the following:

Highly efficient emissive conjugated polymers are desired for optoelectronic applications. While efficient blue to green emissive polymers have been successfully developed, efficient red emission is still challenging, mainly because of the increased nonradiative process rates upon decreasing the energy gap by extension of the π-system. Suppression of this nonradiative decay would be the key for efficient red-emitting polymers. We have previously developed carbon-bridged oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s (COPVs), which could be promising backbones for efficient light-emitting polymers because of the suppression of rotational disorder by the rigidified coplanar structures. In this work, we report that a series of COPV-based homopolymers and copolymers show fluorescence over a wide range of the visible region (437-667 nm) with high to excellent fluorescence quantum yield: 0.60-0.94 for the blue to green emission and 0.50 for red. The polymers also exhibited high thermal and electrochem. stabilities, which could be promising for future application in optoelectronic devices. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Substituted pyrazines have been found as subunits of multiple synthetically constructed therapeutic agents, as well as several natural products.COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Experimental and theoretical studies on the magnetic circular dichroism of azanaphthalenes. Use of the CNDO/S-CI approximation was written by Kaito, Akira;Hatano, Masahiro. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1978.Recommanded Product: 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

The magnetic CD spectra of quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine, quinazoline, cinnoline and pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine were measured in the waveno. region 20,000-50,000 cm^-1. The transition energies, oscillator strengths and Faraday B terms calculated within the framework of the CNDO/S-Cl approximation agree with the exptl. results. The signs of the Faraday B terms of 2 lowest π^* ← π transitions change according to whether the aza substitution occurs at the α or β position. The origins for the Faraday B terms of the lowest allowed π^* ← n transition and the 2 lowest π^* ← π transitions were also investigated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Recommanded Product: 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Recommanded Product: 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

σ-Adducts of heterocycles with nucleophiles. XXII. Nuclear magnetic resonance data of pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines and their σ-adducts with amide ion and water was written by Nagel, A.;Van der Plas, H. C.;Geurtsen, G.;Van Veldhuizen, A.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1979.HPLC of Formula: 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

The ¹³C NMR of I [R = R¹ = R² = H (II); R = 3-Ph, O-Me₃C, 2-Cl (III), R¹ = R² = H; R = R¹ = H, R² = 6-Cl (IV), 6-NH₂; R = 2-Cl (V), 3-Ph, 3-Me₃C, 2-Me₃C, 2-NH₂NH, R¹ = H, R² = 6-Cl; R = 2-Ph, R¹ = 3-Ph, R² = H, 6-F, 6-Cl, 6-Br], II-2-¹³C, III–2–¹³C, IV–2–¹³C, V–2–¹³C, VI (R = H, Cl), and VII are used to assign the spectrum of II. ¹³C NMR established the structure and the formation of VIII (R = H, Me₃C) from the addition of KNH₂-NH₃ to the corresponding I; ¹H NMR established the formation of IX under these conditions. ¹³C NMR also indicated that II is not hydrated in neutral aqueous solution; II in N HCl gives X. The ring contraction mechanism of I with NH₂^– to give 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3HPLC of Formula: 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.HPLC of Formula: 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The reaction of alkylpyrazine anions with some electrophiles. Synthesis of 1,2-bis(2-pyrazyl)ethanes was written by Houminer, Yoram;Sanders, Edward B.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1980.Computed Properties of C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

The coupling of pyrazines I (R-R² = Me, H; R = R¹ = H, R² = Me; R = Me, R¹ = R² = H) using LiN(CHMe)₂(LDA)-iodine gave II (31-43%). The treatment of I (R-R² = Me) with LDA and O gave 21% I (R = CH₂OH, R¹ = R² = Me), which was coupled with I (R = Me, R¹ = R² = H) to yield 49% III. (±)- And meso–IV were prepared by the treatment of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoxaline with LDA and O. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Computed Properties of C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Computed Properties of C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Three new conjugated polymers based on benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene: synthesis, characterization, photoinduced charge transfer and theoretical calculation studies was written by Chen, Shaojie;Zhang, Qiuyu;Zhang, Hepeng;Gu, Junwei;Ma, Mingliang;Xin, Tiejun;Zhou, Yanyang;Zhou, Jian;Liu, Qing. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2012.COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2 This article mentions the following:

Three new conjugated polymers have been designed and synthesized via the alternate copolymerization of the electron-donating monomer benzodithiophene (BDT) and three different electron-accepting monomers: 5,8-dibromoquinoxaline, 5,8-dibromo-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline, 10,13-dibromodibenzo[a,c]phenazine. The synthesized polymers show good solubility in common organic solvents as well as broader absorptions in the visible region and narrower optical band gaps compared to homopolymers made from BDT units. It is found that the absorptions of the copolymers are red-shifted by increasing the electron-withdrawing ability of the co-monomer. In particular, the absorption edge of the P3 film extends to 778 nm, whereas that of the P1 film is only at 636 nm. Theor. calculation studies of structure-property relations indicated that polymer chains with better coplanarity or π-π* delocalization will lead to lower band gaps. Photoinduced charge transfer (PCT) studies disclosed that exciton dissociation of photoexcited PX (X = 1, 2, 3) via electron-transfer may occur at the interface with CHL-C₆₀, enabling the photogeneration of electrons and holes. The P3/CHL-C₆₀ blended film was chosen as a representative sample to test the applicability of the polymer P3 for energy conversion, a 1.76% PCE was finally obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.COA of Formula: C8H4Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

New, Highly Stable Electrochromic Polymers from 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene-Bis-Substituted Quinoxalines toward Green Polymeric Materials was written by Durmus, Asuman;Gunbas, Gorkem E.;Toppare, Levent. And the article was included in Chemistry of Materials in 2007.Recommanded Product: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

Two new highly stable electrochromic polymers, poly(5,8-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-2,3-di(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline) (PDETQ) and poly(5,8-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)quinoxaline) (PDEQ) were synthesized, and their potential use as neutral state green polymeric materials was investigated. Spectroelectrochem. showed that both polymers reveal two distinct absorption bands as expected for this type of donor-acceptor polymer, at 410 and 660 nm for PDEQ and 405 and 780 nm for PDETQ. The colorimetry anal. revealed that while PDEQ has a green-blue color, PDETQ showed a saturated green color in the neutral state which is a unique property of conjugated polymers for the completion of the RGB color system. Both polymers have excellent switching properties with satisfactory optical contrasts and very fast switching times. In addition, via both electrochem. and spectral analyses PDETQ was proven to be an n-type dopable polymer. Outstanding optical contrasts in the NIR region, perfect stability, and fast switching times make these polymers excellent candidates for many applications like smart windows and data storage technologies. It should be noted that PDETQ is one of the few examples of neutral state green polymeric materials in literature with a relatively transmissive oxidized state, high stability, and superior switching properties. Hence, PDETQ can be a paramount choice as a green polymeric material for display applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Recommanded Product: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Recommanded Product: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Efficient esterification of carboxylic acids and phosphonic acids with trialkyl orthoacetate in ionic liquid was written by Yoshino, Tomonori;Imori, Satomi;Togo, Hideo. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2006.Synthetic Route of C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

An operationally simple, inexpensive, efficient, and environmentally friendly esterification of various carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, and phosphinic acids with tri-Et orthoacetate or tri-Me orthoacetate under neutral conditions in a typical room temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, was successfully carried out to provide the corresponding Et esters or Me esters in high yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Synthetic Route of C7H8N2O2).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Synthetic Route of C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem