Structural determinants for AMPA agonist activity of aryl or heteroaryl substituted AMPA analogues. Synthesis and pharmacology was written by Sorensen, Ulrik S.;Falch, Erik;Stensbol, Tine B.;Jaroszewski, Jerzy W.;Madsen, Ulf;Krogsgaard-Larsen, Povl. And the article was included in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany) in 2001.Reference of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:
We have previously reported the synthesis and pharmacol. characterization of analogs of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) in which the Me group was replaced by a Ph group (APPA) or heteroaryl groups. While 2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-furyl)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid and its 3-pyridyl analog 2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(3-pyridyl)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid (3-Py-AMPA) show very low affinity for AMPA receptors, introduction of heteroaryl substituents containing heteroatom in the 2-position provides potent AMPA receptor agonists. We here report the synthesis and pharmacol. of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-pyrazinyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (IC50 = 1.2 μM; EC50 = 11 μM), which is weaker as an AMPA agonist than AMPA (IC50 = 0.040 μM; EC50 = 3.5 μM) but comparable in potency with 2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-pyridyl)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid (IC50 = 0.57 μM; EC50 = 7.4 μM), as determined in radioligand binding and electrophysiol. experiments, resp. The AMPA analogs containing 2-, 3-, or 4-methoxyphenyl substituents, resp., and the corresponding hydroxyphenyl analogs were also synthesized and evaluated pharmacol. With the exception of 2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid, which is a very weak AMPA agonist (IC50 = 45 μM; EC50 = 324 μM), none of these compounds showed detectable effect at AMPA receptors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Reference of 6924-68-1).
Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Reference of 6924-68-1