Month: January 2023

Hydrophobicity parameter of diazines. 1. Analysis and prediction of partition coefficients of monosubstituted diazines was written by Yamagami, Chisako;Takao, Narao;Fujita, Toshio. And the article was included in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in 1990.Related Products of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

The octanol/water partition coefficient (P) of a number of monosubstituted diazines was measured. The composition of the π value of substituents, the increment in the log P value accompanying the introduction of substituents, was examined in terms of physicochem. substituent parameters and correlation anal. The diazine-π value of substituents was generally higher than the pyridine-π value of corresponding substituents, indicating that the intramol. electronic interactions between the ring-N atoms and substituent are more pronounced than those in substituted pyridines in governing the log P value of the mol. Except for 2-substituted pyrimidines, the π value of substituents in each series of monosubstituted diazines was in general nicely correlated with the π value of the corresponding substituents in substituted pyridines along with electronic parameter terms representing bidirectional electronic effects on the relative solvation of the ring-N atom(s) and the hydrogen-bondable substituents with partitioning solvents according to the procedure proposed previously for the anal. of the π value in disubstituted benzenes and monosubstituted pyridines. Keeping in mind that 2-pyrimidines substituted by hydrogen-bondable groups sometimes behave as outliers, the correlations were believed to be usable for prediction of log P values of monosubstituted diazines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Related Products of 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Related Products of 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of novel 5-benzylidene-3,4-dihalo-furan-2-one derivatives was written by Wang, Fang;Sun, Jun-Rong;Huang, Mei-Yan;Wang, Hui-Ying;Sun, Ping-Hua;Lin, Jing;Chen, Wei-Min. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Name: (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Rosiglitazone has shown promising anti-inflammation effect. To develop preferable anti-inflammatory agents, twenty-two rosiglitazone analogs were synthesized and their anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated. Among these compounds, I and II displayed excellent inhibitory activities on the production of inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, I and II showed suppression effects on the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and this suppression effects could be partially reversed by GW9662, which is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist. Addnl., our docking results exhibited the well combination of I and II to PPARγ. So the anti-inflammation activity of I and II was due at least in part, to their interaction with PPARγ. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Name: (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Name: (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Functionally Separated D-π-A Dyes with 2-Cyanopyridine as an Electron-Accepting and Anchoring Group was written by Mao, Jiangyi;Wang, Dan;Liu, Shih-Hung;Hang, Yandi;Xu, Yaoyao;Zhang, Qiong;Wu, Wenjun;Chou, Pi-Tai;Hua, Jianli. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2014.Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

Three functionally separated donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) sensitizers CP-I-III with a cyano group as the electron-accepting group and a pyridine as the anchoring group have been developed for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Significantly, the J_sc of CP-II, which contains a benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole moiety, is much higher than those of CP-I and CP-III, which contain quinoxaline and [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine groups, resp. This is not only a result of the good photon absorption, but also effective intramol. charge transfer. The conversion efficiency (η) for CP-II-based DSSCs is 4.02 %, which is far better than that of CP-I and CP-III. Also, the η value for CP-II is much higher than that for the reference dye P-II with pyridine as anchoring group. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Application In Synthesis of 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Anionic CO₂ activation in the anionic and di-anionic state of aza-naphthalene was written by Park, Chang Jun;Heo, One;Lee, Hyeon Seok;Lee, Kyung Suh;Lee, Sang Hak. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2021.Formula: C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is the single basic moiety in N-doped graphene, the only metal-free catalyst reported to date to successfully produce the oxygen reduction reaction. N-doped graphene is quite promising as a material to increase the efficiency of oxygen reduction In addition, it is known that when carbon dioxide is added to aza-benzene, there will be an associative chem. reaction upon electron attachment between the anionic nitrogen atoms in the aza-benzene and the carbon atom in the carbon dioxide; however, it has previously been reported that when there are more nitrogen atoms in the small aza-benzene moiety, the associative reaction does not always occur. In this study, we carried out a theor. simulation to determine whether more electrons increase the CO₂ reductive reactivity of the aza-naphthalene as a model system of a nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. We found that even though an associative chem. reaction between nitrogen atoms in the N-PAH and carbon atoms in carbon dioxide did not occur in anionic complexes of aza-naphthalene and carbon dioxide, chem. reactions did occur in all the nitrogen atoms of these complexes when we added an extra excess electron. Therefore, we conclude that the efficiency of CO₂ reduction will be increased in nitrogen atoms when more electrons are added to increase their anionic properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Formula: C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Formula: C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Pyrazinium Salts as Efficient Organocatalysts of Mild Oxidations with Hydrogen Peroxide was written by Menova, Petra;Kafka, Frantisek;Dvorakova, Hana;Gunnoo, Smita;Sanda, Miloslav;Cibulka, Radek. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2011.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

A series of 3-substituted pyrazinium tetrafluoroborates was prepared as simple analogs of flavinium salts which are efficient organocatalysts for oxidations with hydrogen peroxide. It was shown that pyrazinium derivatives with an electron-withdrawing substituent catalyze mild oxidations of sulfides to sulfoxides and Baeyer-Villiger oxidations in a similar way to flavinium catalysts. The most reactive catalyst, 3-cyanopyrazinium tetrafluoroborate, was efficiently employed in preparative sulfoxidations of aromatic and aliphatic sulfides as well as in Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of cyclobutanones. A proposed mechanism for the catalysis is based on the formation of pyrazine hydroperoxide which is the agent oxidizing the substrate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Category: pyrazines).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Reduction of azanaphthalenes by sodium borohydride in trifluoroacetic acid was written by Bugle, Robert C.;Osteryoung, Robert A.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1979.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

Azanaphthalenes were reduced in high yield to the corresponding amines by tris(trifluoroacetoxy)borohydride. The pyrazine ring can be preferentially reduced within a mixed heteroaromatic nucleus, resulting in the regiospecific and clean reduction of many azanaphthalenes. A convenient one-step preparation of both tetrahydropteridines I and II is discussed, in addition to the preparation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Category: pyrazines).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

[2.2](2,6)- and [2.2](2,5)Pyrazinophanes: synthesis and molecular structure was written by Eiermann, Uwe;Krieger, Claus;Neugebauer, Franz A.;Staab, Heinz A.. And the article was included in Chemische Berichte in 1990.Formula: C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

The title compounds I, ,II and III and their Me derivatives were synthesized either by photolytic sulfur extrusion from the corresponding 2,11-dithia[3.3]pyrazinophanes or by Hofmann 1,6-elimination of the appropriate [(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]trimethylammonium hydroxides followed by dimerization of the generated 2,5-dihydro-2,5-bis(methylene)pyrazines. α-Chlorination of the methylpyrazines with N-chlorosuccinimide gave the required precursors. The results of the x-ray structure determinations for the title compounds which indicate an unequivocal isomer assignment are discussed with regard to steric strain in these mols. The electronic spectra of the title compounds are reported and compared with those of the parent methylpyrazines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Formula: C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Formula: C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel chloro-oxime derivatives for neurodegenerative diseases was written by Zhang, Aijun;Fu, Pengfei;Zhang, Zaijun;Chen, Haiyun;Yu, Pei. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences in 2016.Synthetic Route of C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

Neurodegenerative disease is a fatal disease of the human nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and related polyglutamine expansion diseases. The US FDA had approved several drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases, however, almost none of them could delay progress of these diseases and offer cure. A key mol. pathway implicated in neurodegenerative diseases is the misfolding aggregation and accumulation of proteins in neurons. Chloro-oxime derivatives, such as bimoclomol and arimoclomol, promote the expression of heat shock proteins and improve the abilities of normal protein folding and degrade misfolded proteins. Based on the structure of bimoclomol and arimoclomol, we substituted the pyridine and piperazine by TMP and other amino groups, and synthesized a series of novel chloro-oxime derivatives Among these chloro-oxime derivatives, compounds 9b and 13b were demonstrated to be neuroprotective against MG-132-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Synthetic Route of C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Synthetic Route of C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Bromination of quinoxaline and derivatives: Effective synthesis of some new brominated quinoxalines was written by Ucar, Sefa;Essiz, Selcuk;Dastan, Arif. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 148231-12-3 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of brominated quinoxaline derivatives starting from several kinds of quinoxaline by different bromination strategies was studied. First the synthesis of some brominated quinoxalines was accomplished along with the development of an alternative and effective synthesis of some known compounds A new, clean, and effective synthetic method for selective reduction of quinoxaline to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline was also developed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3HPLC of Formula: 148231-12-3).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.HPLC of Formula: 148231-12-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Ligustrazine derivatives. Part 6: design, synthesis and evaluation of novel ligustrazinyl acylguanidine derivatives as potential cardiovascular agents was written by Li, Zhenyu;Yu, Fang;Cui, Lei;Zhan, Peng;Wang, Shouxun;Shen, Yuemao;Liu, Xinyong. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry in 2012.Computed Properties of C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

A series of novel Ligustrazinyl acylguanidines I [R = H, Me, C₆H₄Me-4, C₆H₄OMe-4, CH₂C₆H₄F-4, CH₂C₆H₄Cl-3, CH₂C₆H₄OMe-4, CH₂C₆H₄F-2, CH₂C₆H₄Cl-2, CH₂Ph, CH₂C₆H₃Cl₂-2,4, CH₂C₆H₃Cl₂-3,4, 3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl] was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their protective effect on injured vascular endothelial cell (ECV-304). The preliminary results demonstrated that some compounds possessed more potent activities than that of Ligustrazine in stimulating replication of the injured endothelial cell. Among the active compounds, compounds I [R = Me, CH₂C₆H₄Cl-3, CH₂C₆H₃Cl₂-3,4] displayed remarkable antioxidative activity with low EC₅₀ values of 0.097, 0.059 and 0.094 mM, resp. Structure-activity relationships were briefly discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Computed Properties of C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Computed Properties of C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem