Month: January 2023

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ‘CONH’ bridged indole and pyrazine derivatives was written by Kotnal, Ramaling B.. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2018.Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

A new series of N’-[(E)-Ph methylidene] pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide like 5-methyl-N’-[(1E)-(2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide, N’-[(1E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazine-2-carbohydrazide and N’-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene) pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide derivatives I (R = H, Me; R¹ = H, 5-CH₃, 7-F, 5-NO₂, 6-Br; R² = H, Me) were synthesized and evaluated for their antituberculosis, antibacterial and antifungal activities. All the synthesized compounds I were in good agreement with spectral anal. Three synthesized compounds I (R = Me, R¹ = F, R² = H; R = H, R¹ = F, R² = H; R = H, R¹ = 6-Br, R² = H) have shown significant anti-tubercular activity as compared to the reference drug. Compounds I (R = H, R¹ = 5-NO₂, R² = H; R = Me, R¹ = 5-NO₂, R² = H; R = H, R¹ = 6-Br, R² = H) shown good antibacterial activity against gram pos. bacteria and compounds I (R = H, R¹ = 7-F, R² = H; R = H, R¹ = 6-Br, R² = H) and 5-methyl-N’-[(1E)-(2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide, N’-[(1E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazine-2-carbohydrazide shown significant activity against gram neg. bacteria. Compounds I (R = Me, R¹ = F, R² = H; R = H, R¹ = 5-NO₂, R² = H; R = Me, R¹ = 6-Br, R² = H), 5-methyl-N’-[(1E)-(2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide, N’-[(1E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-methylpyrazine-2-carbohydrazide shown significant antifungal activity when compared with standard pyrazinamide, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, fluconazole and were used as reference standard drug for the biol. activity, resp. The purity and structure confirmation of the synthesized compounds were done by TLC, IR and 1HNMR spectral study. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Cinnolines. IV. Quaternization of 4-amino-6-chloro- and 6-chloro-4-phenoxycinnoline was written by Ames, D. E.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1964.Name: 5-Aminopyrazine-2-carboxamide This article mentions the following:

The work of Simpson (CA 42, 2978e) on the quaternization of 4-amino-6-chlorocinnoline (I) has been reexamined, and alkylation is shown to occur at N-1 and N-2 on the basis of revised structures for the methylation products of 6-chloro-4-hydroxycinnoline. 6-Chloro-4-phenoxycinnoline, however, appears to form a methiodide only by reaction at N-2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Aminopyrazine-2-carboxamide (cas: 89323-09-1Name: 5-Aminopyrazine-2-carboxamide).

5-Aminopyrazine-2-carboxamide (cas: 89323-09-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. Substituted pyrazines have been found as subunits of multiple synthetically constructed therapeutic agents, as well as several natural products.Name: 5-Aminopyrazine-2-carboxamide

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The effect of molecular structure on the properties of quinoxaline-based molecules for OLED applications was written by Ledwon, Przemyslaw;Motyka, Radoslaw;Ivaniuk, Khrystyna;Pidluzhna, Anna;Martyniuk, Natalia;Stakhira, Pavlo;Baryshnikov, Glib;Minaev, Boris F.;Agren, Hans. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 2020.SDS of cas: 148231-12-3 This article mentions the following:

Different donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) and donor-π-bridge-acceptor-π-bridge-donor (D-π-A-π-D) systems based on a quinoxaline acceptor are compared. A significant difference in electrochem. and photophys. properties was found depending on mol. structure. A luminescence shift from 539 up to 671 nm was observed upon extension of conjugation length. The studied compounds were tested in fluorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) demonstrating an external quantum efficiency up to 4.5% for a deep red nondoped device and 7% when doped into an exciplex host device. A quantum-chem. interpretation of the electroluminescence spectra for the fabricated OLEDs was carried out including modeling of excimers and exciplexes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3SDS of cas: 148231-12-3).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.SDS of cas: 148231-12-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Purity of intermediate ammoniate and its influence on quality of amiloride was written by Zhang, Shengqiang;Chen, Jianming;Yu, Wenxian;Jiang, Xinru. And the article was included in Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao in 1995.Safety of Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

The purity of 3,5-diamino-6-chlor-2-methoxycarboxyl-pyrazine (ammoniate) was examine by HPLC. The chromatog. determination results of crude ammoniate were conformed by melting data. Ammoniate of high purity processed high m.p., the amiloride prepared with ammoniate of high purity had good quality. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 1458-01-1Safety of Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate).

Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 1458-01-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Substituted pyrazines have been found as subunits of multiple synthetically constructed therapeutic agents, as well as several natural products.Safety of Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis and evaluation of new chalcones and oximes as anticancer agents was written by Bukhari, Syed Nasir Abbas. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2022.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

Complex illnesses, such as cancer, are often caused by many disorders, gene mutations, or pathways. Biol. pathways play a significant part in the development of these diseases. Multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) have been used by medicinal chemists recently in an effort to find single mols. that can affect many targets concurrently. In this work, several chalcones containing the ligustrazine moiety were synthesized and tested for their in vitro anticancer activity and several cancer markers, including EGFR, BRAF^V600E, c-Met, and tubulin polymerization, in order to uncover multitarget bioactive compounds In assays using multiple cancer cell lines, the majority of the compounds examined showed strong anticancer activity against them. To synthesize oximes, all of the chalcones were used as precursors. The IC₅₀ values of two compounds ((1Z,2E)-1-(4-(5-Bromothiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one oxime and (1Z,2E)-1-(4-(4-Methylthiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one oxime) were found to be 0.87, 0.28, 2.43, 1.04 μM and (1Z,2E)-1-(4-(Thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-3-(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one oxime, 1.47, 0.79, 3.8, 1.63 μM resp., against A-375, MCF-7, HT-29 and H-460 cell lines. These IC₅₀ values revealed an excellent antiproliferative activity compared to those of the pos. control foretinib, (IC₅₀ = 1.9, 1.15, 3.97, and 2.86 μM). Careful examination of their structure and configuration revealed that both compounds had an oxime functional group with z configuration, in place of carbonyl functional group, along with a 2-Ph thiophenyl moiety with or without a bromo group at position-5. The possible binding pattern was implied by docking simulation, inferring the possibility of introducing interactions with the nearby tubulin chain. Since the novel structural trial has been conducted with a detailed structure activity relationship discussion, this work might stimulate new ideas in further modification of multitarget anti-cancer agents and therapeutic approaches. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Category: pyrazines).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis, oxidation potential and anti-mycobacterial activity of isoniazid and analogues: insights into the molecular isoniazid activation mechanism was written by Laborde, Julie;Deraeve, Celine;Lecoq, Lea;Sournia-Saquet, Alix;Stigliani, Jean-Luc;Orena, Beatrice S.;Mori, Giorgia;Pratviel, Genevieve;Bernardes-Genisson, Vania. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2016.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

In this work, a series of 21 INH analogs e.g., pyridine-2-carbohydrazide was synthesized, their oxidation potentials were determined and their anti-mycobacterial activities were evaluated against MTB wild-type and resistant strains. On the contrary to what was postulated, no correlation exists between the easier oxidation of a mol. and its anti-MTB activity toward resistant strains. Based on exptl. data and theor. calculations, an activation mechanism for INH and analogs has been proposed, based on a one-electron oxidation step. It first involves the oxidation of hydrazyl function at the proximal nitrogen followed by a radical transposition to the distal nitrogen, which then induces a β-homolytic cleavage of the C(=O)-N bond to afford diazene and the isonicotinoyl radical species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Category: pyrazines).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis and characterization of Ligustrazine-piperazidine derivatives was written by Xue, Peng;Lv, Guo-kai;Cheng, Xian-chao;Liu, Xin-yong. And the article was included in Huaxue Shiji in 2006.Related Products of 75907-74-3 This article mentions the following:

Four Ligustrazine-piperazidine derivatives were synthesized from Ligustrazine hydrate, followed by oxidation, acylation, hydrolysis, halogenation, and alkylation, their chem. structures were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and MS. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Related Products of 75907-74-3).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Related Products of 75907-74-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation against MRSA and molecular docking studies of novel pleuromutilin derivatives bearing 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole linker was written by Liu, Jie;Zhang, Guang-Yu;Zhang, Zhe;Li, Bo;Chai, Fei;Wang, Qi;Zhou, Zi-Dan;Xu, Ling-Ling;Wang, Shou-Kai;Jin, Zhen;Tang, You-Zhi. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2021.Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

A class of pleuromutilin derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole were designed and synthesized as potential antibacterial agents against Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The ultrasound-assisted reaction was proposed as a green chem. method to synthesize 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives Among these pleuromutilin derivatives, compound 133 (I) was found to be the strongest antibacterial derivative against MRSA (MIC = 0.125μg/mL). Furthermore, the result of the time-kill curves displayed that compound 133 could inhibit the growth of MRSA in vitro quickly (-4.36 log10 CFU/mL reduction). Then, compound 133 (-1.82 log₁₀ CFU/mL) displayed superior in vivo antibacterial efficacy than tiamulin (-0.82 log₁₀ CFU/mL) in reducing MRSA load in mice thigh model. Besides, compound 133 exhibited low cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 cells. Mol. docking studies revealed that compound 133 was successfully localized in the binding pocket of 50S ribosomal subunit (ΔG_b = -10.50 kcal/mol). The results indicated that these pleuromutilin derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole might be further developed into novel antibiotics against MRSA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Safety of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Nitrogen-15 NMR spectroscopy of some azines was written by Stefaniak, L.;Roberts, John D.;Witanowski, M.;Webb, G. A.. And the article was included in Organic Magnetic Resonance in 1984.Related Products of 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

¹⁵N NMR shielding data are presented for 56 cyclic azines in 0.5 M DMSO with 0.01 M increments of Cr[CH(COMe)₂]₃ added for each N atom in the mols. For the polyazines, the ¹⁵N signal assignments were based on ²J(NH) interactions and some INDO/S-SOS shielding calculations The effects of α-, β- and γ-Me and conjugated-ring substitution on N shielding are discussed, as are the influences arising from fusion with alicyclic and aromatic rings at various positions. The effects of a 2nd N atom on the shielding of the 1st depend critically on both their relative positions and on the fusion site of conjugated ring systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Related Products of 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Related Products of 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Using Intelligent/Random Library Screening To Design Focused Libraries for the Optimization of Homogeneous Catalysts: Ullmann Ether Formation was written by Fagan, Paul J.;Hauptman, Elisabeth;Shapiro, Rafael;Casalnuovo, Albert. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2000.Product Details of 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

A 96-member pyridine library consisting of both rationally chosen and random members was used to screen Ullmann ether forming reactions. The reaction of 2-bromo-4,6-dimethylaniline and other substrates with a variety of alkoxides was studied under different conditions with the aid of an automated liquid handler. From the results of the 96-member library screening, a structure activity profile was determined which led to the design of smaller focused ligand libraries. The focused libraries produced a higher frequency of hits compared to the original 96-member library. Some of the more effective ligands discovered in this work are generally useful for alkoxylation of a variety of substrates, and also functioned in intramol. ether forming reactions. This work demonstrates for homogeneous catalysis the analogy to the pharmacol. model of drug discovery. By using a large library to screen for a lead compound followed by screening the diversity space closest to the lead, a larger fraction of increased performance ligands was discovered. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Product Details of 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazinesâ€? found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “greenâ€?flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.Product Details of 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem