Month: January 2023

The preparation of novel ligustrazine derivatives as potential cerebrocardiac vascular agents was written by Cheng, Xian-chao;Liu, Xin-yong;Xu, Wen-fang. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Research in 2006.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

A series of novel substituted cinnamoylpiperazinyl ligustrazine derivatives was prepared by alkylation of cinnamoylpiperazines by (chloromethyl)trimethylpyrazine or by cinnamoylation of trimethyl(piperazinomethyl)pyrazine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Category: pyrazines).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Interactions of heterocyclic Maillard products with the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system was written by Hahnemann, B.;Legrum, W.;Koss, G.;Netter, K. J.. And the article was included in Xenobiotica in 1989.Quality Control of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Interactions of methyl-substituted pyrazines, and other constituents of Maillard products generated during heat treatment of food, with hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxygenases were studied in vitro. Spectral interactions of N-containing heteroaromatic compounds with the cytochrome P 450 system are type I or type II depending on the state of induction, and are relatively weak. Inhibition of 7-ethoxycourmarin O-deethylation by these compounds is ten times lower than that of metyrapone, agreeing with the weak spectral interaction. Inhibition is competitive for 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline, and complex for 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine. Spectral and inhibitory interactions indicate biotransformation. This was studied with 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine; the metabolite formed was 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine. Metabolism to the N-oxide did not occur. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Quality Control of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Quality Control of (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Quaternization of pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines: proton and carbon-13 NMR study. was written by Chupakhin, O. N.;Charushin, V. N.;Chernyshev, A. I.;Esipov, S. E.. And the article was included in Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry in 1985.Recommanded Product: Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine This article mentions the following:

The structure of N-methylpyrido[2,3-b]pyrazinium salts was examined by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, 6-Dimethylamino- and 6-morpholino-pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines undergo quaternization by Me iodide at N-4 of the pyrazine ring, whereas the pyridine ring N-5 was the N-alkylation site in the reaction of unsubstituted pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine with Me iodide under the same conditions. The effects of quaternization on the ¹H and ¹³C chem. shifts and the J(CH) values are discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Recommanded Product: Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Substituted pyrazines have been found as subunits of multiple synthetically constructed therapeutic agents, as well as several natural products.Recommanded Product: Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

DNA-Binding Small-Ligand-Immobilized Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Detecting Thymine-Related Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms was written by Miura, Sara;Nishizawa, Seiichi;Suzuki, Akinori;Fujimoto, Yukiko;Ono, Katsuya;Gao, Qiang;Teramae, Norio. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2011.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor that carries DNA-binding small ligands has been developed for the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). 3,5-Diaminopyrazine derivatives, with a hydrogen-bonding profile fully complementary to the thymine base, were utilized as recognition elements on the sensor surface, and a target single-stranded DNA sequence was hybridized with a DNA probe containing an abasic site to place this site opposite a nucleobase to be detected. In a continuous flow of sample solutions buffered to pH 6.4 (0.25 NaCl), the 3,5-diaminopyrazine-based SPR sensor can detect an orphan nucleobase in the duplex with a clear selectivity for thymine over cytosine, guanine, and adenine (5′-GTT GGA GCT GXG GGC GTA GGC-3’/3′-CAA CCT CGA CNC CCG CAT CCG-5′; X=abasic site, N=target nucleobase G, C, A, or T). The SPR response was linear in the concentration range 10-100 n. Allele discrimination is possible based on the combination of different binding surfaces in a flow cell of the SPR system, which is demonstrated for the anal. of the thymine/cytosine mutation present in 63-meric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products (Ha-ras gene, codon 12, antisense strand). Comparison with a bulk assay based on 3,5-diaminopyrazine/DNA binding shows that the immobilization of 3,5-diaminopyrazine derivatives on the SPR sensor allows more sensitive detection of the target DNA sequence, and binding selectivity can be tuned by controlling the salt concentration of sample solutions These features of the DNA-binding small-mol.-immobilized SPR sensor are discussed as a basis for the design of SPR biosensors for SNP genotyping. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 1458-01-1Application In Synthesis of Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate).

Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 1458-01-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Discovery of potential anticancer multi-targeted ligustrazine based cyclohexanone and oxime analogs overcoming the cancer multidrug resistance was written by Zha, Gao-Feng;Qin, Hua-Li;Youssif, Bahaa G. M.;Amjad, Muhammad Wahab;Raja, Maria Abdul Ghafoor;Abdelazeem, Ahmed H.;Bukhari, Syed Nasir Abbas. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Formula: C8H12N2O This article mentions the following:

The drug research and development nowadays is focusing on multitarget drugs. In the treatment of cancer, therapies using drugs inhibiting one numerous targets signify a novel viewpoint. In comparison with traditional therapy, multitargeted drugs directly aim cell subpopulations which are involved in progression of tumor. The current study comprises the synthesis of 34 novel ligustrazine-containing α, β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds and oximes. The growth of 5 various cancer cell types was strongly inhibited by ligustrazine-containing oximes as revealed by biol. evaluation. A strong SAR was provided by the antiproliferative activity. The mechanistic effects of most active antiproliferative compounds on tubulin polymerization, EGFR TK kinases, KAF and BRAF^V600E were investigated, followed by in vitro investigation of reversal of efflux-based resistance developed by cancer cells. EGFR was strongly inhibited by two oximes I and II. Out of all linkers including pos. control, 1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-one linker-bearing compounds showed best inhibition of FAK. The strongest inhibitory activity of BRAF^V600E was showed by a compound with an IC₅₀ of 0.7 μM. Several analogs including I exhibited a dual role as anticancer as well as MDR reversal agents. For understanding the target protein integrations with new compounds, mol. docking studies were also carried out. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Formula: C8H12N2O).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Formula: C8H12N2O

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

A colorimetric chemosensor for both fluoride and transition metal ions based on dipyrrolyl derivative was written by Ghosh, Tamal;Maiya, Bhaskar G.;Samanta, Anunay. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2006.Reference of 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis, characterization and ion binding studies of 2,3-di(1H-2-pyrrolyl)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (1) were described. Compound 1, which was targeted with a view to sensing both F^– and transition metal ions, exhibits binding-induced color changes from yellowish green to red/brown observable by the naked eye. The binding site for the metal ion in the system was unambiguously established by single-crystal x-ray diffraction study of a Ni(II) complex of 1. While the estimated value of the binding constant of 1 with F^– is 4.9 × 10³ M^-1, the binding constants for the cations are two orders higher in magnitude in acetonitrile. Even though 1 possesses two sep. binding sites for F^– and metal ions, the presence of the cation influences the binding of the anion and vice versa. The binding constant values of an ion in the presence of oppositely charged species are significantly lower. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Reference of 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Reference of 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of amiloride analogs as inhibitors of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) was written by Matthews, Hayden;Ranson, Marie;Tyndall, Joel D. A.;Kelso, Michael J.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2011.Formula: C6H7ClN4O2 This article mentions the following:

A known side-activity of the oral potassium-sparing diuretic drug amiloride is inhibition of the enzyme urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA, K _i = 7 μM), a promising anticancer target. Several studies have demonstrated significant antitumor/metastasis properties for amiloride in animal cancer models and it would appear that these arise, at least in part, through inhibition of uPA. Selective optimization of amiloride’s structure for more potent inhibition of uPA and loss of diuretic effects would thus appear as an attractive strategy towards novel anticancer agents. A preliminary structure-activity exploration of amiloride analogs as inhibitors of uPA is reported. A key finding was that the well-studied 5-substituted analogs ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA) and hexamethylene amiloride (HMA) are approx. twofold more potent than amiloride as uPA inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 1458-01-1Formula: C6H7ClN4O2).

Methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 1458-01-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Formula: C6H7ClN4O2

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Modified synthesis of four kinds of azabicyclo compounds was written by Wang, Yu;Lu, Ming. And the article was included in Yingyong Huaxue in 2012.Related Products of 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

Azabicyclo compounds of 1,4-benxodiazine, pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, 1H-benzimidazole, 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine were prepared from o-phenylenediamine or 2,3-diaminopyridine reacted with carbonyl compounds The effects of reaction medium, pH, time and other factors on the reactions were investigated. The results showed that the yield of pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine could reach 89.4% when refluxed in propanol for 1 h at pH = 9 adjusted by methanol sodium. The yields for 1,4-benxodiazine could be increased to 98.3% in aqueous medium with pH = 9 adjusted by sodium sulfite at 60 °C after 40 min reaction. Here, the purification of target product could be achieved via a low temperature standing process instead of the vacuum distillation method. The optimized conditions for the other two compounds are: refluxing o-phenylenediamine for 2 h in 88% formic acid solution yielding 1H-benzimidazole with 92% yield; refluxing 2,3-diaminopyridine with triethoxy methane for 3 h followed by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid for another 1 h giving 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine with 84.2% yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Related Products of 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Related Products of 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Quantitative structure-property relationship prediction of gas-to-chloroform partition coefficient using artificial neural network was written by Golmohammadi, Hassan;Safdari, Majid. And the article was included in Microchemical Journal in 2010.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

A quant. structure-property relationship (QSPR) study based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was carried out for the prediction of the gas-to-chloroform partition coefficients of a set of 338 compounds of a very different chem. nature. The genetic algorithm-partial least squares (GA-PLS) method was used as a variable selection tool. A PLS method was used to select the best descriptors and the selected descriptors were used as input neurons in neural network model. These descriptors are Gravitation index for all bonded pairs of atoms (G ²), Final heat of formation (ΔH _f), Total hybridization components of the mol. dipole (μ _h), DPSA-3 Difference in CPSAs (DPSA-3) and Structural Information content (order 1) (¹SIC). The results obtained showed the ability of developed artificial neural networks to predict of gas-to-chloroform partition coefficients of various compounds Also this demonstrates the advantages of ANN. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Application In Synthesis of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, α-hydroxyketone, α-methyl ketone. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Syntheses and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes as novel α7 neuronal nicotinic receptor (NNR) ligands was written by Li, Tao;Bunnelle, William H.;Ryther, Keith B.;Anderson, David J.;Malysz, John;Helfrich, Rosalind;Gronlien, Jens H.;Hakerud, Monika;Peters, Dan;Schrimpf, Michael R.;Gopalakrishnan, Murali;Ji, Jianguo. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2010.Safety of 2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine This article mentions the following:

Biaryl substituted 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes have been synthesized and tested for their affinity toward α7 neuronal nicotinic receptors (NNRs). SAR studies established that 5-N-Me substituent, heteroaryl linker and the nature of terminal aryl group are critical for the ligand to achieve potent α7 NNR agonist activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine (cas: 912773-21-8Safety of 2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine).

2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine (cas: 912773-21-8) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazinesare six-membered aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds with two nitrogen atoms at 1,4-positions. Pyrazine is a weaker base (pKb = 13.4) than pyridine (pKb = 8.8), pyrimidine (pKb = 12.7). Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called “methoxypyrazines”) found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many “green” flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.Safety of 2-Bromo-5-chloropyrazine

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem