Month: November 2022

On July 11, 2013, Jin, Meizhong; Petronella, Brenda A.; Cooke, Andy; Kadalbajoo, Mridula; Siu, Kam W.; Kleinberg, Andrew; May, Earl W.; Gokhale, Prafulla C.; Schulz, Ryan; Kahler, Jennifer; Bittner, Mark A.; Foreman, Kenneth; Pachter, Jonathan A.; Wild, Robert; Epstein, David; Mulvihill, Mark J. published an article.Application In Synthesis of 3-(8-Chloroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-3-yl)cyclobutanone The title of the article was Discovery of Novel Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Inhibitors with Unique Time-Dependent Binding Kinetics. And the article contained the following:

This letter describes a series of small mol. inhibitors of IGF-1R with unique time-dependent binding kinetics and slow off-rates. Structure-activity and structure-kinetic relationships were elucidated and guided further optimizations within the series, culminating in compound 2. With an IGF-1R dissociative half-life (t1/2) of >100 h, compound 2 demonstrated significant and extended PD effects in conjunction with tumor growth inhibition in xenograft models at a remarkably low and intermittent dose, which correlated with the observed in vitro slow off-rate properties. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3-(8-Chloroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-3-yl)cyclobutanone(cas: 936901-72-3).Application In Synthesis of 3-(8-Chloroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-3-yl)cyclobutanone

The Article related to preparation igf1 receptor inhibitor binding kinetics structure, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (igf-1r), cancer, slow off-rate, time-dependent inhibition, Pharmacology: Structure-Activity and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 3-(8-Chloroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-3-yl)cyclobutanone

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Fatoki, Toluwase Hezekiah; Ibraheem, Omodele; Ogunyemi, Ibukun Oladejo; Akinmoladun, Afolabi Clement; Ugboko, Harriet U.; Adeseko, Catherine Joke; Awofisayo, Oladoja A.; Olusegun, Sunday Joseph; Enibukun, Jesupemi Mercy published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Network analysis, sequence and structure dynamics of key proteins of coronavirus and human host, and molecular docking of selected phytochemicals of nine medicinal plants.Computed Properties of 55779-48-1 And the article contains the following content:

The novel coronavirus of 2019 (nCoV-19) has become a pandemic, affecting over 205 nations with over 7,410,000 confirmed cases which has resulted to over 418,000 deaths worldwide. This study aimed to identify potential therapeutic compounds and phytochems. of medicinal plants that have potential to modulate the expression network of genes that are involve in SARS-CoV-2 pathol. in human host and to understand the dynamics key proteins involved in the virus-host interactions. The method used include gene network anal., mol. docking, and sequence and structure dynamics simulations. The results identified DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and Protein kinase CK2 as key players in SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle. Among the predicted drugs compounds, clemizole, monorden, spironolactone and tanespimycin showed high binding energies; among the studied repurposing compounds, remdesivir, simeprevir and valinomycin showed high binding energies; among the predicted acidic compounds, acetylursolic acid and hardwickiic acid gave high binding energies; while among the studied anthraquinones and glycosides compounds, ellagitannin and friedelanone showed high binding energies against 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Papain-like protease (PLpro), helicase (nsp13), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12), 2′-O-ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2 and DNA-PK and CK2alpha in human. The order of affinity for CoV proteins is 5Y3E > 6NUS > 6JYT > 2XYR > 3VB6. Finally, medicinal plants with phytochems. such as caffeine, ellagic acid, quercetin and their derivatives could possibly remediate COVID-19. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Computed Properties of 55779-48-1

The Article related to human covid19 virus mol docking dynamic simulation free energy, covid-19, sars-cov-2, drug discovery, gene expression network, molecular docking and dynamics simulation, Pharmacology: Structure-Activity and other aspects.Computed Properties of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On August 13, 2020, Crawford, James J.; Lee, Wendy; Johnson, Adam R.; Delatorre, Kelly J.; Chen, Jacob; Eigenbrot, Charles; Heidmann, Julia; Kakiuchi-Kiyota, Satoko; Katewa, Arna; Kiefer, James R.; Liu, Lichuan; Lubach, Joseph W.; Misner, Dinah; Purkey, Hans; Reif, Karin; Vogt, Jennifer; Wong, Harvey; Yu, Christine; Young, Wendy B. published an article.Synthetic Route of 87486-34-8 The title of the article was Stereochemical Differences in Fluorocyclopropyl Amides Enable Tuning of Btk Inhibition and Off-Target Activity. And the article contained the following:

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is thought to play a pathogenic role in chronic immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. While covalent, irreversible Btk inhibitors are approved for treatment of hematol. malignancies, they are not approved for autoimmune indications. In efforts to develop addnl. series of reversible Btk inhibitors for chronic immune diseases, we sought to differentiate from our clin. stage inhibitor fenebrutinib using cyclopropyl amide isosteres of the 2-aminopyridyl group to occupy the flat, lipophilic H2 pocket. While drug-like properties were retained – and in some cases improved – a safety liability in the form of hERG inhibition was observed When a fluorocyclopropyl amide was incorporated, Btk and off-target activity was found to be stereodependent and a lead compound was identified in the form of the (R,R) stereoisomer. The experimental process involved the reaction of 3,5-Dibromo-1-methylpyrazin-2(1H)-one(cas: 87486-34-8).Synthetic Route of 87486-34-8

The Article related to fluorocyclopropyl amide btk inhibitor stereochem herg inhibition, Alicyclic Compounds: Cyclopropanes and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 87486-34-8

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On January 22, 2020, Paitio, Jose; Yano, Daichi; Muneyama, Etsuhiro; Takei, Shiro; Asada, Hironori; Iwasaka, Masakazu; Oba, Yuichi published an article.Application of 55779-48-1 The title of the article was Reflector of the body photophore in lanternfish is mechanistically tuned to project the biochemical emission in photocytes for counterillumination. And the article contained the following:

A review. Lanternfish, a family Myctophidae, use ventro-lateral body photophores for camouflage of the ventral silhouette, a strategy called counterillumination. While other deep-sea fishes possess pigmented filters and silver reflectors to match sunlight filtering down through the depths, myctophids developed a blue-green reflector for this purpose. In this study, we showed in a lanternfish Diaphus watasei that the reflector comprised monolayered iridophores containing multilayered guanine crystals which enable high reflection with light interference coloration. Platelets shape in body photophores is an unique near-regular hexagonal, probably to allow the homogeneity of reflection angle of the luminescence from photocytes. Focus point of the parabola-like reflector is positioned on the photocytes that ensures the light produced from the photocytes is redirected to the ventral direction. In vitro luminescence reaction using purified luciferase and the substrate coelenterazine showed the light emission at λmax 454 nm, while reflection spectra of the iridophores exhibit peaks at longer wavelength, which accomplish to alter the luminescence emitted from photocytes to longer wavelength to fit the mesopelagic light environment. Taken together, we revealed multiple mechanistic elaborations in myctophid body photophores to achieve effective control of biochem. luminescence for counterillumination. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Application of 55779-48-1

The Article related to diaphus photocyte photophore biochem emission counterillumination review, bioluminescence, counterillumination, guanine, iridophore, myctophidae, photophore, Nonmammalian Biochemistry: Reviews and other aspects.Application of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On September 30, 2022, Inouye, Satoshi; Nakamura, Mitsuhiro; Hosoya, Takamitsu published an article.Product Details of 55779-48-1 The title of the article was Formation of Coelenteramine from 2-Peroxycoelenterazine in the Ca2+-Binding Photoprotein Aequorin. And the article contained the following:

Aequorin consists of apoprotein (apoAequorin) and (S)-2-peroxycoelenterazine (CTZ-OOH) and is considered to be a transient-state complex of an enzyme (apoAequorin) and a substrate (coelenterazine and mol. oxygen) in the enzymic reaction. The degradation process of CTZ-OOH in aequorin was characterized under various conditions of protein denaturation. By acid treatment, the major product from CTZ-OOH was coelenteramine (CTM), but not coelenteramide (CTMD), and no significant luminescence was observed The counterparts of CTM from CTZ-OOH were identified as 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4HPPA) and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4HPAA) by liquid chromatog./electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-TOF-MS). In the luminescence reaction of aequorin with Ca2+, similar amounts of 4HPPA and 4HPAA were detected, indicating that CTM is formed by two pathways from CTZ-OOH through dioxetanone anion and not by hydrolysis from CTMD. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Product Details of 55779-48-1

The Article related to aequorin coelenteramine peroxycoelenterazine calcium, Biochemical Methods: Chromatographic and other aspects.Product Details of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On October 31, 2020, Ding, Bo-Wen; Eremeeva, Elena V.; Vysotski, Eugene S.; Liu, Ya-Jun published an article.SDS of cas: 55779-48-1 The title of the article was Luminescence Activity Decreases When v-coelenterazine Replaces Coelenterazine in Calcium-Regulated Photoprotein-A Theoretical and Experimental Study. And the article contained the following:

Calcium-regulated photoproteins are found in at least five phyla of organisms. The light emitted by those photoproteins can be tuned by mutating the photoprotein and/or by modifying the substrate coelenterazine (CTZ). Thirty years ago, Shimomura observed that the luminescence activity of aequorin was dramatically reduced when the substrate CTZ was replaced by its analog v-CTZ. The latter is formed by adding a Ph ring to the π-conjugated moiety of CTZ. The decrease in luminescence activity has not been understood until now. In this paper, through combined quantum mechanics and mol. mechanics calculations as well as mol. dynamics simulations, we discovered the reason for this observation. Modification of the substrate changes the conformation of nearby aromatic residues and enhances the π-π stacking interactions between the conjugated moiety of v-CTZ and the residues, which weakens the charge transfer to form light emitter and leads to a lower luminescence activity. The microenvironments of CTZ in obelin and in aequorin are very similar, so we predicted that the luminescence activity of obelin will also dramatically decrease when CTZ is replaced by v-CTZ. This prediction has received strong evidence from currently theor. calculations and has been verified by experiments The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).SDS of cas: 55779-48-1

The Article related to coelenterazine calcium photoprotein a luminescence, General Biochemistry: Subcellular Processes and other aspects.SDS of cas: 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Gao, Meng; Liu, Ya-Jun published an article in 2019, the title of the article was Photoluminescence Rainbow from Coelenteramide-A Theoretical Study.Application of 55779-48-1 And the article contains the following content:

A wide variety of marine bioluminescent organisms emit light via the excited-state coelenteramide, which is produced from the coelenterazine oxidation via a series of complicated chem. reactions in protein. Photoluminescence of coelenteramide is a simple way to produce light without experiencing the intricate reactions starting from coelenterazine. To extend the color range of light emission, many coelenterazine analogs were synthesized, but mostly only produce blue and cyan fluorescence. Based on the 42 synthesized coelenterazine analogs, we theor. studied the absorption and fluorescence properties of the corresponding coelenteramide analogs. The electronic effect, steric effect, conjugated effect and solvated effect were considered. The results indicated that conjugated effect has great influence on the strength and wavelength of fluorescence and large electron transfer is beneficial to red shift. Based on the regularities, we theor. designed six coelenteramide analogs, and together with the original coelenteramide, the seven-ones emit the seven colors of rainbow via their photoluminescences. This study expands the coelenteramide fluorescence to the whole visible light region and could inspire new application. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Application of 55779-48-1

The Article related to photoluminescence rainbow coelenteramide theor study, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Application of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On April 30, 2021, Giuliani, Germano; Merolla, Assunta; Paolino, Marco; Reale, Annalisa; Saletti, Mario; Blancafort, Lluis; Cappelli, Andrea; Benfenati, Fabio; Cesca, Fabrizia published an article.Reference of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one The title of the article was Stability Studies of New Caged bis-deoxy-coelenterazine Derivatives and Their Potential Use as Cellular pH Probes. And the article contained the following:

The synthesis of new bis-deoxy-coelenterazine (1) derivatives bearing ester protective groups (acetate, propionate and butyrate esters) was accomplished. Moreover, their hydrolytic stability at room temperature was evaluated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent, using the NMR (NMR) spectra of the key products at different time intervals. The results showed an increasing hydrolysis rate according to longest aliphatic chain, with a half-life of 24 days of the more stable acetate derivative (4a). Furthermore, the anal. of the exptl. data revealed the greater stability of the enol tautomer in this aprotic polar solvent. This result was confirmed by theor. calculations using the d. functional theory (DFT) approach, which gave us the opportunity to propose a detailed decomposition mechanism. Addnl., the derivatives obtained were tested by bioluminescence luciferase assays to evaluate their potential use as extracellular pH-sensitive reporter substrates of luciferase. The biol. data support the idea that further structural modifications of these mols. may open promising perspectives in this field of research. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Reference of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

The Article related to bis deoxy coelenterazine derivative ph probe stability, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Reference of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On September 3, 2021, Burakova, Ludmila P.; Lyakhovich, Maria S.; Mineev, Konstantin S.; Petushkov, Valentin N.; Zagitova, Renata I.; Tsarkova, Aleksandra S.; Kovalchuk, Sergey I.; Yampolsky, Ilia V.; Vysotski, Eugene S.; Kaskova, Zinaida M. published an article.Computed Properties of 55779-48-1 The title of the article was Unexpected Coelenterazine Degradation Products of Beroe abyssicola Photoprotein Photoinactivation. And the article contained the following:

Ca2+-regulated photoproteins of ctenophores lose bioluminescence activity when exposed to visible light. Little is known about the chem. nature of chromophore photoinactivation. Using a total synthesis strategy, we have established the structures of 2 unusual coelenterazine products, isolated from recombinant berovin of the ctenophore Beroe abyssicola, which are Z/E isomers. We propose that during light irradiation, these derivatives are formed from 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine via the intermediate 8a-peroxide by a mechanism reminiscent of that previously described for the auto-oxidation of green-fluorescent-protein-like chromophores. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Computed Properties of 55779-48-1

The Article related to ctenophore photoprotein inactivation light coelenterazine degradation, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Computed Properties of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

On August 16, 2022, Cumberbatch, Derrick; Mori, Tetsuya; Yang, Jie; Mi, Dehui; Vinson, Paige; Weaver, C. David; Johnson, Carl Hirschie published an article.Computed Properties of 55779-48-1 The title of the article was A BRET Ca2+ sensor enables high-throughput screening in the presence of background fluorescence. And the article contained the following:

The intrinsic fluorescence of samples confounds the use of fluorescence-based sensors. This is of particular concern in high-throughput screening (HTS) applications using large chem. libraries containing intrinsically fluorescent compounds To overcome this problem, we developed a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) Ca2+ sensor, CalfluxCTN. We demonstrated that it reliably reported changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations evoked by an agonist and an antagonist of the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (hM1R) even in the presence of the fluorescent compound fluorescein, which interfered with a standard fluorescent HTS sensor (Fluo-8). In an HTS using a chem. library containing fluorescent compounds, CalfluxCTN accurately identified agonists and antagonists that were missed or miscategorized using Fluo-8. Moreover, we showed that a luciferase substrate that becomes activated only when inside cells generated long-lasting BRET signals in HTS, enabling results to be reliably compared among replicate samples for hours. Thus, the use of a self-luminescent sensor instead of a fluorescent sensor could facilitate the complete screening of chem. libraries in a high-throughput context and enable anal. of autofluorescent samples in many different applications. The experimental process involved the reaction of 8-Benzyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one(cas: 55779-48-1).Computed Properties of 55779-48-1

The Article related to bioluminescence resonance energy transfer sensor fluorescence screening, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Computed Properties of 55779-48-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem