Month: October 2022

Turck, A.; Trohay, D.; Mojovic, L.; Ple, N.; Queguiner, G. published the artcile< Metalation of diazines. IV. Lithiation of sym-disubstituted pyrazines>, Reference of 136866-30-3, the main research area is metalation diazine; oxidation pyrazinyl alc; ketone pyrazinyl; coupling iodopyrazine phenylacetylene; pyrazine lithiation reaction electrophile; diazaxanthone.

Conditions for the metalation of 2,6-dichloro- and 2,6-dimethoxypyrazine are defined and the lithio-derivatives are shown to react with some electrophiles. A convenient synthesis of a diazaxanthone from the lithio-derivative of the dichloro-compound is described. Couplings between phenylacetylene and iodo-derivatives of pyrazine have been carried out.

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry published new progress about Alcohols Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 136866-30-3 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C4HCl2IN2, Reference of 136866-30-3.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Cardenas, Paco; Gamage, Jayani; Hettiarachchi, Chamari M.; Gunasekera, Sunithi published the artcile< Good Practices in Sponge Natural Product Studies: Revising Vouchers with Isomalabaricane Triterpenes>, HPLC of Formula: 2873-36-1, the main research area is isomalabaricane triterpene sponge natural product; Porifera; Rhabdastrella globostellata; chemotaxonomy; isomalabaricane triterpenes; misidentification; vouchers.

Species misidentification in the field of natural products is an acknowledged problem. These errors are especially widespread in sponge studies, albeit rarely assessed and documented. As a case study, we aim to revisit reports of isomalabaricane triterpenes, isolated from four demosponge genera: Jaspis, Geodia, Stelletta and Rhabdastrella. From a total of 44 articles (1981-2022), 27 unique vouchers were listed, 21 of which were accessed and re-examined here: 11 (52.4%) of these were misidentified. Overall, 65.9% of the studies published an incorrect species name: previously identified Jaspis and Stelletta species were all in fact Rhabdastrella globostellata. We conclude that isomalabaricane triterpenes were isolated from only two Rhabdastrella species and possibly one Geodia species. In addition to shedding a new light on the distribution of isomalabaricane triterpenes, this study is an opportunity to highlight the crucial importance of vouchers in natural product studies. Doing so, we discuss the impact of species misidentification and poor accessibility of vouchers in the field of sponge natural products. We advocate for stricter voucher guidelines in natural product journals and propose a common protocol of good practice, in the hope of reducing misidentifications in sponge studies, ensure reproducibility of studies, and facilitate follow-up work on the original material.

Marine Drugs published new progress about Fatty acids, Me esters Role: PAC (Pharmacological Activity), BIOL (Biological Study) (Globostellatic acid). 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, HPLC of Formula: 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Huang, Pan; Yu, Leilei; Tian, Fengwei; Zhao, Jianxin; Zhang, Hao; Chen, Wei; Zhai, Qixiao published the artcile< Untargeted metabolomics revealed the key metabolites in milk fermented with starter cultures containing Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610>, Electric Literature of 2873-36-1, the main research area is milk fermentation lactobacillus plantarum culture metabolite metabolomics.

This study employed untargeted metabolomics to reveal the metabolic changes in fermented milk during storage. According to the sparse partial least squares-discriminant anal. (sPLS-DA), Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 was confirmed to be critical for the metabolic profile of fermented milk. Five of the forty-three metabolites, namely benzoic acid, 6-hydroxycaproic acid, D-phenyllactic acid, hippuric acid, and N-oleoylethanolamine, were identified as the key metabolites related to L. plantarum CCFM8610. This study illustrated that L. plantarum CCFM8610, as a probiotic and co-cultivated starter culture, was critical for the functional properties and preservative qualities of fermented milk during storage. Overall, these metabolites had potential impact on the storage properties and physiol. functions of fermented milk, which provides a valuable reference for improving the quality of fermented milk products.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Fermentation. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Electric Literature of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Yang, Jian; Zhao, Binbin; Qian, Li; Gao, Fengjie; Fan, Yanjuan; He, Xiaoyan; Ma, Qingyan; Yang, Lihong; Yan, Bin; Wang, Wei; Ma, Xiancang published the artcile< Causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence: a Mendelian randomization study>, Formula: C11H18N2O2, the main research area is genetically determined metabolite human intelligence metabolic pathway; 5-Oxoproline; Genetically determined metabolite; Human intelligence; Mendelian randomization; Metabolic pathway.

Intelligence predicts important life and health outcomes, but the biol. mechanisms underlying differences in intelligence are not yet understood. The use of genetically determined metabotypes (GDMs) to understand the role of genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions, in human complex traits has been recently proposed. However, this strategy has not been applied to human intelligence. Here we implemented a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) anal. using GDMs to assess the causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence. The standard inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used for the primary MR anal. and three addnl. MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO) were used for sensitivity analyses. Using 25 genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs), our study found that 5-oxoproline was associated with better performance in human intelligence tests (PIVW = 9.25 x 10-5). The causal relationship was robust when sensitivity analyses were applied (PMR-Egger = 0.0001, PWeighted median = 6.29 x 10-6, PMR-PRESSO = 0.0007), and repeated anal. yielded consistent result (PIVW = 0.0087). Similarly, also dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6) and p-acetamidophenylglucuronide showed robust association with intelligence. Our study provides novel insight by integrating genomics and metabolomics to estimate causal effects of genetically determined metabolites on human intelligence, which help to understanding of the biol. mechanisms related to human intelligence.

Molecular Brain published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (AACSP1). 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Formula: C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Yu, Shui; Zhu, Yuan-Xing; Peng, Cheng; Li, Jiyang published the artcile< Two new sterol derivatives isolated from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus tubingensis YP-2>, Formula: C11H18N2O2, the main research area is ergosterimide sterol derivative endophyte fungus Aspergillus; Aspergillus tubingensis; cytotoxicities; demethylincisterol A5; endophytic fungus; ergosterimide B; secondary metabolites.

Two new sterol derivatives, namely ergosterimide B (1) and demethylincisterol A5 (2), along with eleven known metabolites (3-13), were isolated from the rice fermentation culture of Aspergillus tubingensis YP-2. The chem. structures were elucidated by detailed NMR and MS spectroscopic data and by comparison with reported data. Newly isolated compound and known compound were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against the A549 and HepG2 cell lines. Compound showed weak activities with IC50 values of 11.05 and 19.15μM, resp., while exhibited cytotoxicities with IC50 values of 5.34 and 12.03μM, resp., against the tested cell lines.

Natural Product Research published new progress about Cytotoxicity. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Formula: C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Lu, Shengsheng; Hu, Jianan; Xie, Xi; Zhou, Runhong; Li, Fangfang; Huang, Ruifeng; He, Jian published the artcile< Secondary Metabolites with Cytotoxic Activities from Streptomyces sp. BM-8 Isolated from the Feces of Equusquagga>, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1, the main research area is Equus Streptomyces secondary metabolites feces; Streptomyces sp. BM-8; aliphatic acid; animal intestinal bacteria; cytotoxic activities; secondary metabolites.

A new aliphatic acid, compound 1, together with six known metabolites, including nonactic acid (2), homononactic acid (3), Et homononactate (4), homononactylhomononactate (5), valinomycin (6), and cyclo-(Pro-Leu) (7), was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. BM-8, an actinobacterial strain isolated from the feces of Equus quagga. The structures of these compounds were established by analyses of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra (NMR), as well as by HR-ESI-MS spectrometry and chem. derivative analyses. Addnl., a serial analog of nonactic acid and homononacticacid (8-21) was synthesized. The cytotoxicity of 1-21 wastested against a panel of cancer cell lines, such as HT-29, MCF-7, A375 and K562, with MTT assay. In addition, the cytotoxicity tests revealed that 1 was less cytotoxic toward a panel of cancerous cells, as compared with valinomycin (6).

Molecules published new progress about Colon neoplasm. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Synthetic Route of 2873-36-1.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Lozano-Gonzalez, M.; Ovalle-Magallanes, B.; Rangel-Grimaldo, M.; De la Torre-Zavala, S.; Noriega, L. G.; Tovar-Palacio, C.; Tovar, A. R.; Mata, R. published the artcile< Antidiabetic in vitro and in vivo evaluation of cyclodipeptides isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens IB-MR-66e>, Safety of (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, the main research area is cyclodipeptides Pseudomonas antidiabetic postprandial state glucosidase.

Three cyclodipeptides [cyclo(L-Pro-L-Leu), 1; cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), 2; and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe), 3] were isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens IB-MR-66e. The structures were established by spectral means and corroborated by synthesis. The antidiabetic potential of compounds 1-3 was explored in vivo, in vitro and in silico. The three peptides showed important inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme. Further anal. in vivo using a sucrose tolerance test corroborated that compounds 1 and 3 (1-30 mg kg-1) significantly reduced the postprandial state. Peptide 1 (1-30 mg kg-1) also reduced the postprandial peak after a glucose challenge and exhibited significant hypoglycemia during an insulin tolerance test; thus, its antidiabetic action involved also an improvement of insulin utilization not related to Akt phosphorylation nor to an increment in mitochondrial bioenergetics nor insulin secretion.

New Journal of Chemistry published new progress about Antidiabetic agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Safety of (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Paravisini, Laurianne; Soldavini, Ashley; Peterson, Julie; Simons, Christopher T.; Peterson, Devin G. published the artcile< Impact of bitter tastant sub-qualities on retronasal coffee aroma perception>, Product Details of C11H18N2O2, the main research area is coffee bitter tastant quality retronasal aroma profile.

The impact of different bitter taste compounds on the retronasal perception of coffee aroma was investigated. A sorted napping experiment was carried out on thirteen compounds at iso-intense bitter concentrations Differences in perceptual bitter sub-qualities among the compounds were reported by Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Multiple Factor Anal. (MFA) analyses. Seven exemplar compounds were further selected to investigate the impact of taste sub-qualities on cross-modal flavor interactions. In general, the different bitter compounds, when paired with a coffee aroma isolate, significantly modified the perception of the retronasal coffee aroma profile. Interestingly, the three bitter compounds endogenous to coffee had the most similar impact on the coffee aroma profile. Further sensory anal. of these sample sets indicated no significant effect of the bitter compounds on the orthonasal perception. Gas Chromatog./Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) anal. of the volatile composition of the samples headspace also indicated negligible impact of the bitter compounds on aroma release. Altogether evidence of cross-modal interactions occurring at a higher cognitive level were demonstrated in a complex food sample, supporting the importance of multi-modal sensory integration on flavor perception.

PLoS One published new progress about Bitterness. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Product Details of C11H18N2O2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Scales, Stephanie; Johnson, Sarah; Hu, Qiyue; Do, Quyen-Quyen; Richardson, Paul; Wang, Fen; Braganza, John; Ren, Shijian; Wan, Yadong; Zheng, Baojiang; Faizi, Darius; McAlpine, Indrawan published the artcile< Studies on the Regioselective Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (SNAr) Reaction of 2-Substituted 3,5-Dichloropyrazines>, Formula: C4HCl2IN2, the main research area is regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction substituted dichloropyrazine.

Differences in regioselectivity were observed during the SNAr reaction of amines with unsym. 3,5-dichloropyrazines. This study revealed that when the 2-position of the pyrazine was occupied with an electron-withdrawing group (EWG), nucleophilic attack occurred preferentially at the 5-position. When the 2-position was substituted with an electron-donating group (EDG), nucleophilic attack occurred preferentially at the 3-position. These results are reported along with a computational rationale for the exptl. observations based on the Fukui index at the reacting centers.

Organic Letters published new progress about Aromatic substitution reaction (nucleophilic, regioselective). 136866-30-3 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C4HCl2IN2, Formula: C4HCl2IN2.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Kaaniche, Fatma; Hamed, Abdelaaty; Elleuch, Lobna; Chakchouk-Mtibaa, Ahlem; Smaoui, Slim; Karray-Rebai, Ines; Koubaa, Imed; Arcile, Guillaume; Allouche, Noureddine; Mellouli, Lotfi published the artcile< Purification and characterization of seven bioactive compounds from the newly isolated Streptomyces cavourensis TN638 strain via solid-state fermentation>, Recommanded Product: (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, the main research area is Agrobacterium Salmonella Streptomyces bioactive compound antibacterial; Antimicrobial activity; Diketopiperazine derivatives; Macrotetrolides; Phytopathogens; Solid-state fermentation; streptomyces.

The strain TN638 was isolated from Tunisian soil contaminated with industrial wastewater and selected for its potent antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram pos. bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 6538 and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) ATCCC 19117, and Gram neg. bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. tumefaciens) ATCC 23308 and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) ATCC 14028 and fungi: Candida albicans (C. albicans) ATCC 10231, Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) ATCC 58938 and Fusarium sp. We propose the assignment of our strain as Streptomyces cavourensis (S. cavourensis) TN638 strain. Work-up and purification of the strain extract using different chromatog. techniques afforded seven bio-compounds namely: Cyclo-(Leu-Pro) (1), Cyclo-(Val-Pro) (2), Cyclo-(Phe-Pro) (3), nonactin (4), monactin (5), dinactin (6) and trinactin (7). The three purified diketopiperazine (DKP) derivatives (1-3), demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens ATCC 23308 and S. typhimurium ATCC 14028. The four pure macrotetrolides (4-7), exhibited strong inhibitory effect against all tested Gram pos. and Gram neg. bacteria notably against A. tumefaciens ATCC 23308 and S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 with a min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) around 8μg/mL quite similar to that of ampicillin. Thus, we propose the use of the (SSF) active extract of the S. cavourensis TN638 strain as safe biol. product to control disease caused by plant pathogen A. tumefaciens.

Microbial Pathogenesis published new progress about Antibacterial agents. 2873-36-1 belongs to class pyrazines, and the molecular formula is C11H18N2O2, Recommanded Product: (3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione.

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem