Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. 22047-25-2, formula is C6H6N2O, Name is Acetylpyrazine. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry.. Reference of 22047-25-2.
Morris, Anna M.;Leonard, Stephen S.;Fowles, Jefferson R.;Boots, Theresa E.;Mnatsakanova, Anna;Attfield, Kathleen R. research published 《 Effects of E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals on Human Macrophages and Bronchial Epithelial Cells》, the research content is summarized as follows. E-cigarettes utilize a wide range of flavoring chems. with respiratory health effects that are not well understood. In this study, we used pulmonary-associated cell lines to assess the in vitro cytotoxic effects of 30 flavoring chems. Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and both naive and activated macrophages (THP-1) were treated with 10, 100, and 1000μM of flavoring chems. and analyzed for changes in viability, cell membrane damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammatory cytokine release. Viability was unaffected for all chems. at the 10 and 100μM concentrations At 1000μM, the greatest reductions in viability were seen with decanal, hexanal, nonanal, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, vanillin, alpha-pinene, and limonene. High amounts of ROS were elicited by vanillin, ethyl maltol, and the diketones (2,3-pentanedione, 2,3-heptanedione, and 2,3-hexanedione) from both cell lines. Naive THP-1 cells produced significantly elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α when exposed to ethyl maltol and hexanal. Activated THP-1 cells released increased IL-1β and TNF-α when exposed to ethyl maltol, but many flavoring chems. had an apparent suppressive effect on inflammatory cytokines released by activated macrophages, some with varying degrees of accompanying cytotoxicity. The diketones, L-carvone, and linalool suppressed cytokine release in the absence of cytotoxicity. These findings provide insight into lung cell cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokine release in response to flavorings commonly used in e-cigarettes.
22047-25-2, 2-Acetylpyrazine has been identified as one of the volatile flavor constituents in popcorn, wheat and rye bread crust.
2-Acetylpyrazine, also known as 1-pyrazinylethanone or fema 3126, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aryl alkyl ketones. These are ketones have the generic structure RC(=O)R’, where R = aryl group and R’=alkyl group. 2-Acetylpyrazine exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, 2-acetylpyrazine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. 2-Acetylpyrazine has a bitter, bread crust, and chip taste.
2-acetylpyrazine is a pyrazine that is substituted by an acetyl group at position 2. It has been identified as one of the volatile flavor constituents in popcorn, bread crust, vinegar, and potato snacks. It has a role as a flavouring agent. It is an aromatic ketone and a member of pyrazines.
2-Acetylpyrazine is a nitrogen containing compound that has been used in biological studies. 2-Acetylpyrazine has been shown to have inhibitory properties against the growth of prostate cancer cells and other cell lines. It also inhibits the production of fatty acids and epidermal growth factor, which are important for cellular proliferation. The inhibition is due to the photochemical properties of 2-acetylpyrazine, which cause the formation of reactive species that react with biological molecules. The reactive species may be generated by either a reaction mechanism or a reaction pathway that involve coordination geometry. 2-acetylpyrazine has also been used as a fluorescence probe for fatty acid detection in lipid bilayers and liposomes., Reference of 22047-25-2