Month: April 2022

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Synthesis, biological evaluation and 3D-QSAR studies of 1,2,4-triazole-5-substituted carboxylic acid bioisosteres as uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with gout》. Authors are Wu, Jing-wei; Yin, Ling; Liu, Yu-qiang; Zhang, Huan; Xie, Ya-fei; Wang, Run-ling; Zhao, Gui-long.The article about the compound:5-Amino-2-fluoropyridinecas:1827-27-6,SMILESS:NC1=CN=C(C=C1)F).Reference of 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:1827-27-6) is conveyed.

Bromonaphthylmethyltriazolyl thioether lesinurad analogs and bioisosteres such as I were prepared as inhibitors of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) for potential use in treating hyperuricemia and gout. I inhibited URAT1 with an IC50 value of 32 nM, 225-fold lower than lesinurad. The pharmacophore for the lesinurad analogs was determined using a 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model; the hypothesis was validated by three methods (cost anal., Fisher’s randomization and leave-one-out).

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate, is researched, Molecular C6H7NO3, CAS is 118994-89-1, about Synthesis and evaluation of anthelmintic and cytotoxic properties of [2,5′]bis-1,3-azole analogs of bengazoles, the main research direction is bisazole derivative preparation anthelmintic cytotoxicity.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate.

Using different heterocycle formation methodologies (Deoxo-Fluor, DAST, POCl3, TosMIC), [2,5′]bis-1,3-azoles were prepared as stable analogs of bengazoles, a family of potent anthelmintic marine natural products. The cytotoxic activity of these heterocycles and their precursors on HCT-15 cells and the effect on the L4 larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were evaluated.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Novel pyrazolopyrimidines as highly potent B-Raf inhibitors, published in 2009-12-15, which mentions a compound: 91912-53-7, mainly applied to cancer B Raf inhibitor indazole pyrazolopyrimidine derivative SAR preparation, Recommanded Product: 91912-53-7.

A novel series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines bearing a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at C(3) and substituted tropanes at C(7) have been identified as potent B-Raf inhibitors. Exploration of alternative functional groups as a replacement for the C(3) phenol demonstrated indazole to be an effective isostere. Several compounds possessing substituted indazole residues, such as 4e, 4p, and 4r, potently inhibited cell proliferation at submicromolar concentrations in the A375 and WM266 cell lines, and the latter two compounds also exhibited good therapeutic indexes in cells.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Formation of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in the cyanobromination of lanthionine, published in 1963, which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, mainly applied to , HPLC of Formula: 2150-55-2.

A 5 ml. solution of lanthionine in 0.1N HCl was added to 5 ml. 5% aqueous NaCN and the mixture treated with 1 ml. NCBr solution (prepared by adding 5% aqueous NaCN to a saturated solution of Br till the solution was just colorless). After 3 consecutive boilings for 30 secs. and cooling for 3 min., the thiol content estimation was interfered with by incomplete removal of NCBr. The reaction mixture was, therefore, boiled for 10 min., but the quantity of thiol formed was not consistent and reproducibility of the results was very poor. Paper chromatography of the products in sec-BuOH-HCOOH-H2O (75:15:10) system showed the presence of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (I). In these experiments, HCl was converted to HCN, which was expelled on boiling and probably the high pH led to the formation of the acid.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Microbial conversion of DL-2-amino-Δ-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid to L-cysteine and L-cystine: screening of microorganisms and identification of products.Application of 2150-55-2.

Microorganisms able to form L-cysteine from DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC), an intermediate in the chem. synthesis of DL-cysteine, were isolated from soil samples and classified as Pseudomonas AJ3854, Pseudomonas cohaerens, P. desmolytica, and P. ovalis. Thirteen L-cysteine-producing bacteria were also found among 463 stock cultures representing 37 genera. Intact cells of Pseudomonas AJ 3854 produced 6.1 mg of L-cysteine and(or) L-cystine per mL from 10 mg of DL-ATC.3H2O per mL, a molar yield of 100%. This suggests that racemization and asym. hydrolysis occurred simultaneously in this incubation mixture After complete oxidation of cysteine, crystalline cystine was isolated; its configuration was L, based on data from x-ray diffraction, microbioassay, and optical rotation.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 118994-89-1, is researched, Molecular C6H7NO3, about Copper-catalyzed diarylation of Se with aryl iodides and heterocycles, the main research direction is arylselanyl aryl oxadiazole preparation oxazole regioselective; oxadiazole aryl oxazole iodoarene selenium coupling copper catalyst.Recommanded Product: 118994-89-1.

The regioselective copper-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction of electron-deficient heterocycles, like aryl-oxadiazoles/aryloxazoles/dimethyl-purine-diones, etc. with aryl iodides in presence of Se powder so as to yield corresponding diaryl-selenated heterocycles such as arylselanyl-aryl-oxadiazoles I [R = Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 2-thienyl, etc.; R1 = Ph, 2-naphthyl, 3-thienyl, etc.] and arylselanyl-aryl-oxazoles II [R2 = Ph, 2,4,6-triMeC6H2; R3 = CO2Et, Ph, 4-MeSC6H4, etc.] was disclosed. The established methodol. provided an efficient and practical pathway to access arylselenated heterocycles via copper-catalyzed double C-Se bond formation. This transformation featured the use of elemental Se as the selenating reagent, a cost-effective catalytic system and the late-stage selenation of bioactive compounds

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Safety of Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate, is researched, Molecular C6H7NO3, CAS is 118994-89-1, about Total synthesis of potent antifungal marine bisoxazole natural products benzazoles A and B. Author is Bull, James A.; Balskus, Emily P.; Horan, Richard A. J.; Langner, Martin; Ley, Steven V..

The bengazoles are a family of marine natural products that display potent antifungal activity and a unique structure, containing two oxazole rings flanking a single carbon atom. Total syntheses of benzazole A and B are described, which contain a sensitive stereogenic center at this position between the two oxazoles. Addnl., the synthesis of 10-epi-benzazole A is reported. Two parallel synthetic routes were investigated, relying on construction of the 2,4-disubstituted oxazole under mild conditions and a diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition Our successful route is high yielding, provides rapid access to single stereoisomers of the complex natural products and allows the synthesis of analogs for biol. evaluation.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recommanded Product: 1827-27-6. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine, is researched, Molecular C5H5FN2, CAS is 1827-27-6, about Divergent Aminocarbonylations of Alkynes Enabled by Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis. Author is Zhao, Xian; Feng, Xiaoliang; Chen, Fan; Zhu, Shengqing; Qing, Feng-Ling; Chu, Lingling.

A metallaphotoredox-catalyzed strategy for the selective and divergent aminocarbonylation of alkynes with amines and 1 atm of CO was reported. This synergistic protocol not only enables the Markovnikov-selective hydroaminocarbonylation of alkynes to afford α,β-unsaturated amides, but also facilitated a sequential four-component hydroaminocarbonylation/radical alkylation in the presence of tertiary and secondary alkyl boronate esters, which allowed for straightforward conversion of alkynes into corresponding amides. Preliminary mechanistic studied disclose that a photoinduced oxidative insertion of aniline and CO into nickel followed by a migratory insertion of (carbamoyl)nickel species was involved.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, is researched, Molecular C8H8N4, CAS is 91912-53-7, about Synthesis and SAR studies of 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine derivatives as potent inhibitors of Bloom helicase, the main research direction is pyridinylthiadiazolamine derivative preparation SAR Bloom helicase inhibitor; ADME; BLM; BS; Bloom helicase; Bloom syndrome; DMF; HR; HTS; Inhibitor; MLM; NADPH; PBS; PEPPSITM-IPr; SAR; SCE; Small molecule; [1,3-Bis(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(II)chloride; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; dimethylformamide; high throughput screen; homologous recombination; mouse liver microsomes; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; phosphate buffered saline; sister chromatid exchanges; structure activity relationship.Application In Synthesis of 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine.

Human cells utilize a variety of complex DNA repair mechanisms to combat constant mutagenic and cytotoxic threats from both exogenous and endogenous sources. The RecQ family of DNA helicases, which includes Bloom helicase (BLM), plays an important function in DNA repair by unwinding complementary strands of duplex DNA and atypical DNA structures such as Holliday junctions. Mutations of the BLM gene can result in Bloom syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder associated with cancer predisposition. BLM-deficient cells exhibit increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents indicating that a selective BLM inhibitor could be useful in potentiating the anticancer activity of these agents. In this work, we describe the medicinal chem. optimization of the hit mol. following a quant. high-throughput screen of >355,000 compounds These efforts lead to the identification of ML216 and related analogs, which possess potent BLM inhibition and exhibit selectivity over related helicases. Moreover, these compounds demonstrated cellular activity by inducing sister chromatid exchanges, a hallmark of Bloom syndrome.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Computed Properties of C4H6N2O2S. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Genes from Pseudomonas sp. strain BS involved in the conversion of L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazolin-4-carbonic acid to L-cysteine. Author is Shiba, Toshikazu; Takeda, Kohji; Yajima, Misako; Tadano, Makoto.

DL-2-Amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carbonic acid (DL-ATC) is a substrate for cysteine synthesis in some bacteria, and this bioconversion has been utilized for cysteine production in industry. We cloned a DNA fragment containing the genes involved in the conversion of L-ATC to L-cysteine from Pseudomonas sp. strain BS. The introduction of this DNA fragment into Escherichia coli cells enabled them to convert L-ATC to cysteine via N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine (L-NCC) as an intermediate. The smallest recombinant plasmid, designated pTK10, contained a 2.6-kb insert DNA fragment that has L-cysteine synthetic activity. The nucleotide sequence of the insert DNA revealed that two open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins with mol. masses of 19.5 and 44.7 kDa were involved in the L-cysteine synthesis from DL-ATC. These ORFs were designated atcB and atcC, resp., and their gene products were identified by overproduction of proteins encoded in each ORF and by the maxicell method. The functions of these gene products were examined using extracts of E. coli cells carrying deletion derivatives of pTK10. The results indicate that atcB and atcC are involved in the conversion of L-ATC to L-NCC and the conversion of L-NCC to cysteine, resp. AtcB was first identified as a gene encoding an enzyme that catalyzes thiazoline ring opening. AtcC is highly homologous with L-N-carbamoylases. Since both enzymes can only catalyze the L-specific conversion from L-ATC to L-NCC or L-NCC to L-cysteine, it is thought that atcB and atcC encode L-ATC hydrolase and N-carbamoyl-L-cysteine amidohydrolase, resp.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem