Month: April 2022

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Huai, Lihua; Chen, Ning researched the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ).Name: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.They published the article 《Effect of dissolved oxygen on production of L-cysteine synthetase by Pseudomonas sp. TS1138》 about this compound( cas:2150-55-2 ) in Shipin Kexue (Beijing, China). Keywords: dissolved oxygen cysteine synthetase Pseudomonas fermentation. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 has potential to produce L-cysteine synthetase through asym. hydrolysis of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC). The effect of dissolved oxygen level on the production of L-cysteine synthetase was investigated in shake flasks or 7 L bioreactor. The results indicated that the cell growth and the production of L-cysteine synthetase were inhibited at low dissolved oxygen level. Although cell growth was improved at the high dissolved oxygen level, the inhibition against production of L-cysteine synthetase was still observed in shake flasks. In 7 L bioreactor, dissolved oxygen concentration controlled at more than 30% was helpful for improving the cell growth and the production of L-cysteine synthetase through regulating agitation rate and air flow rate during the middle and late stage.

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid)Name: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(2150-55-2).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 2150-55-2, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, about Fed-batch fermentation kinetics of L-cysteine producing Pseudomonas strain TS1138, the main research direction is cysteine Pseudomonas.Category: pyrazines.

L-cysteine was produced by means of microbial transformation of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) in the presence of L-cysteine synthesizing enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. TS1138. Based on the exptl. data of fed-batch fermentation in 5 L fermentation reactor, the kinetic model of cell growth, enzyme production and substrate consumption were constructed. Three kinetic models were in good agreement with the exptl. results through proper anal. by software MATALAB. The kinetic models appeared to provide a reasonable description for each parameter in the fermentation

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid)Category: pyrazines, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(2150-55-2).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 3-Chloropicolinamide( cas:114080-95-4 ) is researched.SDS of cas: 114080-95-4.Dunn, A. D. published the article 《The addition of hydroxylamine to derivatives of halopyridine carboxylic acids》 about this compound( cas:114080-95-4 ) in Zeitschrift fuer Chemie. Keywords: halopyridinecarboxylate hydroxylamine addition; pyridinecarboxylate halo hydroxylamine addition; halopyridinenitrile hydroxylamine cyclization; isoxazolopyridine. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:114080-95-4).

Cyanopyridines I (R = Cl, R1 = cyano, R2 = H; R = cyano, R1 = Cl, R2 = H; R = H, R1 = cyano, R2 = Cl) reacted with a MeOH solution of NH2OH and MeONa to give isoxazolopyridines. Thus, I (R = Cl, R1 = cyano, R2 = H) gave isoxazolopyridine II. However, I (R = H, R1 = Cl, R2 = cyano) reacted with the same reagent to give I (R, R1, same, R2 = CONH2), and I (R = H, R1 = Br, R2 = cyano) gave I [R, R1, same, R2 = C(:NOH)NH2]. No bicyclic products were formed . Esters I (R = Cl, R1 = CO2Me, R2 = H) reacted with the same reagent to give the hydroxamic acids I (R, R2, same, R1 = CONHOH). Similarly esters I (R = CO2Me, R1 = Br, R2 = H; R= H, R1 = Br, R2 = CO2Me) also gave the corresponding hydroxamic acids.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Tomasik, Piotr researched the compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine( cas:1827-27-6 ).Related Products of 1827-27-6.They published the article 《3-Phenylazopyridines》 about this compound( cas:1827-27-6 ) in Roczniki Chemii. Keywords: phenyl azo pyridines; azo pyridines phenyl; pyridines azo phenyl; nitrosobenzene amino pyridines; amino pyridines nitrosobenzene; nitro pyridines reduction amines. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:1827-27-6).

Hydrogenation of 2-substituted I (X = NO2), under CO2, in MeOH with Pd/C gave I (X = NH2) (II) (method A). II were also prepared by reduction of I (X = NO2) with Fe dust in aqueous AcOH (method B). The II prepared were (R, method of preparation, and % yield given): Me, A, 95; SMe, A, 85; F, B, 70; Cl, B, 73.5; Br, B, 81; iodo, B, 86; MeO, A/B, 90.1/80.5; and AcNH, A/B, 90/70. A mixture of PhNO and II (R = MeO) kept 20 min in 50% aqueous NaOH gave III (R = OMe) (method A). In method B the above reaction was carried out at room temperature in AcOH. Similarly prepared were 7 other III analogs.

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine)Related Products of 1827-27-6, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(1827-27-6).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Quality Control of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Cloning, expression, and identification of genes involved in the conversion of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid to L-cysteine via S-carbamyl-L-cysteine pathway in Pseudomonas sp. TS1138. Author is Yu, Yangsheng; Liu, Zhong; Liu, Chunqin; Li, Yang; Jin, Yongjie; Yang, Wenbo; Bai, Gang.

Two novel genes (tsB, tsC) involved in the conversion of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) to L-cysteine through S-carbamyl-L-cysteine (L-SCC) pathway were cloned from the genomic DNA library of Pseudomonas sp. TS1138. The recombinant proteins of these two genes were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, and their enzymic activity assays were performed in vitro. It was found that the tsB gene encoded an L-ATC hydrolase, which catalyzed the conversion of L-ATC to L-SCC, while the tsC gene encoded an L-SCC amidohydrolase, which showed the catalytic ability to convert L-SCC to L-cysteine. These results suggest that tsB and tsC play important roles in the L-SCC pathway and L-cysteine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas sp. TS1138, and that they have potential applications in the industrial production of L-cysteine.

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid)Quality Control of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(2150-55-2).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry called Design, synthesis of novel celastrol derivatives and study on their antitumor growth through HIF-1α pathway, Author is Shang, Fan-Fan; Wang, Jing Ying; Xu, Qian; Deng, Hao; Guo, Hong-Yan; Jin, Xuejun; Li, Xiaoting; Shen, Qing-Kun; Quan, Zhe-Shan, which mentions a compound: 1827-27-6, SMILESS is NC1=CN=C(C=C1)F, Molecular C5H5FN2, Recommanded Product: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine.

Four series of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) functioning derivatives stemming from modifications to the C-29 carboxyl group of celastrol were designed and synthesized, and their anticancer activities were evaluated. To address the structure and activity relationship of each derivative, extensive structural changes were made. HRE luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that 12 modified compounds showed superior HIF-1α inhibitory activity. Among them, quinolin-7-yloxy derivative I exhibited the best features: first, it had the strongest HIF-1α inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.05μM, 5-fold higher than that of celastrol), and second, it possessed lower cytotoxicity (22-fold lower, I 16.85μM vs. celastrol 0.76μM). Thus, the safety factor of C6 was about 112 times higher than that of celastrol. Western blot assay indicated that I may inhibit the expression of HIF-1α protein in cells. Addnl., I hindered tumor cell cloning, migration and induced cell apoptosis. It is worth mentioning that in the mouse tumor xenograft model, I (10 mg/kg) displayed good antitumor activity in vivo, showing a better inhibition rate (74.03%) than the reference compound 5-fluorouracil (inhibition rate, 59.58%). However, the celastrol treatment group experienced collective death after four doses of the drug. Moreover, I minimally affected the mouse weight, indicating that its application in vivo has little toxic effect. H&E staining experiments show that it could also exacerbate the degree of tumor cell damage. The results of water solubility experiment show that the solubility of I is increased by 1.36 times than that of celastrol. In conclusion, I is a promising antitumor agent through the HIF-1α pathway.

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine)Recommanded Product: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(1827-27-6).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

SDS of cas: 1827-27-6. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine, is researched, Molecular C5H5FN2, CAS is 1827-27-6, about Synthesis, cytotoxic characterization, and SAR study of imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides. Author is Demjen, Andras; Alfoeldi, Robert; Angyal, Aniko; Gyuris, Mario; Hackler, Laszlo Jr.; Szebeni, Gabor J.; Woelfling, Janos; Puskas, Laszlo G.; Kanizsai, Ivan.

The synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic characteristics of new imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides were investigated. Following a hit-to-lead optimization exploiting 2D and 3D cultures of MCF-7 human breast, 4T1 mammary gland, and HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cancer cell lines, a 67-membered library was constructed and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was determined Seven synthesized analogs exhibited sub-micromolar activities, from which compound 63 (2-(tert-Butyl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-((2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)amino)-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamide) exerted the most significant potency with a remarkable HL-60 sensitivity (IC50 = 0.183 μM).

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine)SDS of cas: 1827-27-6, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(1827-27-6).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 591-54-8, is researched, SMILESS is C1=CN=CN=C1N, Molecular C4H5N3Journal, Energy Conversion and Management called Effects of demineralization on the composition of microalgae pyrolysis volatiles in py-GC-MS, Author is Niu, Qi; Ghysels, Stef; Wu, Nannan; Rousseau, Diederik P. L.; Pieters, Jan; Prins, Wolter; Ronsse, Frederik, the main research direction is inorganic element microalgae pyrolysis volatile demineralization Nannochloropsis gaditana.Quality Control of 4-Aminopyrimidine.

This study compared the volatiles distribution in anal. scale pyrolysis (py-GC-MS) of Nannochloropsis gaditana (marine microalgae) and Scenedesmus almeriensis (freshwater microalgae) and their demineralized counterparts. The role of inorganic elements and their removal via ultrasonic treatment, water washing and (in)organic acid leaching were elucidated. Principal component anal. (PCA) and gray relational anal. were applied to analyze the pyrolysis volatiles distribution and demonstrate the influence of inorganic elements in pyrolysis, resp. Demineralization affects (breaks down) the chem. structure of carbohydrates, followed by (to a lesser extent) proteins and lipids. Acid leaching promoted hydrolysis and suppressed the catalytic effect associated to inorganic elements in subsequent pyrolysis, compared to ultrasonic treatment and water washing. Elements like K and Na had a larger catalytic influence on microalgae pyrolysis than Ca and Mg. The composition and pyrolytic formation mechanism of major product groups at 500°C were studied, including anhydrosugars, phenolics, furans, carboxylic acids, alcs., aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, N-heterocyclic compounds, nitriles and amides. The results indicate that demineralization shows pos. effects on fast pyrolysis of microalgae: (1) by disrupting the cell wall and releasing the lipids and cellular contents. Based on the py-GC-MS peak area normalized to sample mass, the relative contribution of hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis vapors increased from 25.5% (NG: Nannochloropsis gaditana) to 32.1% (NG-HCl: Nannochloropsis gaditana, HCl treated), and from 16.1% (SA: Scenedesmus almeriensis) to 22.4% (SA-HCl: Scenedesmus almeriensis, HCl treated); (2) by decreasing the relative yields in O-containing compounds resulting from the suppressed catalytic effects of alkali and alk. earth metals (53.3% (NG) to 37.1% (NG-HCl), 57.5% (SA) to 47.8% (SA-HCl)) that would otherwise have been present in non-demineralized microalgae feedstock. The effects of demineralization on the denitrogenation of pyrolysis vapors were not that obvious. Suggestions for potential full scale applications have been proposed.

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(4-Aminopyrimidine)Quality Control of 4-Aminopyrimidine, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(591-54-8).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Tshala-Katumbay, Desire D.; Ngombe, Nadege N.; Okitundu, Daniel; David, Larry; Westaway, Shawn K.; Boivin, Michael J.; Mumba, Ngoyi D.; Banea, Jean-Pierre researched the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ).Category: pyrazines.They published the article 《Cyanide and the human brain: perspectives from a model of food (cassava) poisoning》 about this compound( cas:2150-55-2 ) in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Keywords: review cyanide intoxication brain food poisoning; cassava; cyanide; neurocognition; paralysis; warfare. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

A review. Threats by fundamentalist leaders to use chem. weapons have resulted in renewed interest in cyanide toxicity. Relevant insights may be gained from studies on cyanide mass intoxication in populations relying on cyanogenic cassava as the main source of food. In these populations, sublethal concentrations (up to 80 μmol/l) of cyanide in the blood are commonplace and lead to signs of acute toxicity. Long-term toxicity signs include a distinct and irreversible spastic paralysis, known as konzo, and cognition deficits, mainly in sequential processing (visual-spatial anal.) domains. Toxic culprits include cyanide (mitochondrial toxicant), thiocyanate (AMPA-receptor chaotropic cyanide metabolite), cyanate (protein-carbamoylating cyanide metabolite), and 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (seizure inducer). Factors of susceptibility include younger age, female gender, protein-deficient diet, and, possibly, the gut functional metagenome. The existence of uniquely exposed and neurol. affected populations offers invaluable research opportunities to develop a comprehensive understanding of cyanide toxicity and test or validate point-of-care diagnostic tools and treatment options to be included in preparedness kits in response to cyanide-related threats.

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid)Category: pyrazines, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(2150-55-2).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Decamethrin metabolism in rats, published in 1978, which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, mainly applied to decamethrin metabolism rat, Computed Properties of C4H6N2O2S.

On oral administration to male rats, the pyrethroid insecticide decamethrin (I) [52918-63-5] and various metabolites derived from its acid and alc. fragments were almost completely eliminated from the body within 2-4 days. Metabolites of the cyano substituent were eliminated more slowly, especially from the skin and stomach, due in the latter case to temporary retention of thiocyanate which was formed from released cyanide. The excreted metabolites included: esters monohydroxylated at the 2′, 4′, and 5 positions of the alc. moiety; 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [59952-39-5] and its glucuronide [66855-97-8] and glycine conjugate [66855-98-9] and a hydroxylated derivative [66855-99-0] of this acid, with the hydroxymethyl group trans to the carboxyl, and its glucuronide [66856-00-6]; 3-phenoxybenzoic acid [3739-38-6] and its glucuronide [57991-35-2] and glycine conjugate [57991-36-3], 3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid [35065-12-4] and its glucuronide [66856-01-7] and sulfate conjugate [58218-91-0], and 3-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid sulfate [61183-26-4]; thiocyanate [302-04-5] and 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid [2150-55-2]. Trans-Decamethrin [64363-96-8] was also rapidly metabolized in rats.

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid)Computed Properties of C4H6N2O2S, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(2150-55-2).

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem