Month: April 2022

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Identification of bioconversion product from DL-ATC and optimization of reaction conditions in Pseudomonas sp. F12, published in 2014-11-20, which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, mainly applied to Pseudomonas cysteine desulfhydrase bioconversion hydrogen sulfide, Application of 2150-55-2.

The objective if this work was to identify the bioconversion product from DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) and enhance L-cysteine yield from it. Reaction mixture was analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS; comparison among different reaction conditions of L-cysteine decomposition was performed. Contrast to standard L-cysteine, the results of HPLC and LC-MS indicated that it was L-cysteine; a small amount of hydrogen sulfide produced from degradation of L-cysteine inhibited L-cysteine desulfhydrase dramaticly in air-free condition which contributed the highest amount of L-cysteine arrived 46.2 mmol/L with a yield of 94%, in contrast to that of 31.6% under initial condition. Pseudomonas sp. F12 equipped with the ability of converting DL-ATC to L-cysteine; it was beneficial for L-cysteine accumulation in air-free condition.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Cobalt-Catalyzed Decarboxylative 2-Benzoylation of Oxazoles and Thiazoles with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids, published in 2015-11-06, which mentions a compound: 118994-89-1, Name is Ethyl oxazole-5-carboxylate, Molecular C6H7NO3, Synthetic Route of C6H7NO3.

Cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of oxazoles and thiazoles with α-oxocarboxylic acids was developed through an sp2 C-H bond functionalization process. This work represents the first example of cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative C-H bond functionalization and provides an efficient means of building some important bioactive heteroaryl ketone derivatives

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

HPLC of Formula: 2150-55-2. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Analysis of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

The cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATC) was converted to N-carbamylcysteine and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) and fluorometric detection. ATC was first separated from interfering substances by passing through the cation exchanger AG 50W-X8. Interfering disulfides were converted to thiols by reduction of the eluate with thiopropyl-Sepharose 6B. The thiols were then adsorbed to the organomercurial adsorbent p-acetoxymercurianiline-Sepharose 4B while ATC was obtained in the effluent. ATC was then converted to N-carbamylcysteine by ring opening at high temperature in an alk. environment. Derivatization of N-carbamylcysteine was with N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)maleimide. The imprecision (CV) of the method was 3.6% and the anal. recovery was quant. The detection limit was 0.3 μM. ATC in urine was stable for at least 3 mo when stored at -196 to +20 °C. The ATC concentration in urine was below the limit of detection in healthy nonsmokers. The utility of the method was demonstrated by the finding of up to 10.5 μM ATC concentrations in urine samples from human subjects in Mozambique living on a high dietary intake of cyanide from the cassava root. In a metabolic study rats were exposed to acetonitrile in the drinking water. After 4 wk very high ATC levels were found in the urine, representative values from two rats being 195 and 525 μM, resp.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Wang, Pu; Yin, Jiangfeng; He, Junyao; Liang, Fayong researched the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ).Synthetic Route of C4H6N2O2S.They published the article 《Enzymatic syntheses of L-cysteine by sodium alginate/gelatin co-immobilized Pseudomonas sp. B-3》 about this compound( cas:2150-55-2 ) in Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao. Keywords: Pseudomonas cysteine sodium alginate gelatin immobilization fermentation. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:2150-55-2).

The immobilization of Pseudomonas sp. B-3 by sodium alginate/gelatin mixed gel and the biosynthesis of L-cysteine from DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) by immobilized cells were investigated. Suitable method for the immobilization of Pseudomonas sp. B-3 was selected by the comparison of eight immobilization methods. The influences of some key factors such as gel constitution, cells embedded and activation time on enzyme activity were optimized. Tween-60, N-carbamyl-L-cysteine amidohydrolase (L-NCC hydrolase) activator of Mn2+ and L-cysteine desulfhydrase inhibitor of hydroxylamine was added into reaction solution to improve L-cysteine productivity. Sodium alginate/gelatin co-immobilization showed both the highest enzyme activity and best gel strength. After 10 h activation for immobilized cells, the bioconversion was conducted at pH 8.0 and 42° for 10 h, 9.18 g/L-1 of L-cysteine was formed from 20 g/L-1 of DL-ATC/3H2O, with the molar conversion rate of 75.83%. An increase of 29.0% for L-cysteine production was obtained after catalyzed by immobilized cells in comparison with resting cells. After reused for four times, the relative molar conversion rate of L-cysteine remained 71.5% of the initial value. Sodium alginate/gelatin embedding method was suitable for immobilization of Pseudomonas sp. B-3. L-cysteine production was enhanced by the addition of Tween-60, Mn2+ and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in reaction solution

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Huai, Lihua; Chen, Ning; Yang, Wenbo; Bai, Gang published the article 《Metabolic control analysis of L-cysteine producing strain TS1138 of Pseudomonas sp》. Keywords: model cysteine Pseudomonas metabolic control analysis.They researched the compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid( cas:2150-55-2 ).Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:2150-55-2) here.

A kinetic model describing the biosynthesis of L-cysteine by Pseudomonas sp. TS1138 has been developed. The two enzymes catalyzing this pathway, L-cysteine synthetase (CS) and L-cysteine desulfhydrase (CD), follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics with noncompetitive inhibition of CS by L-cysteine. From measurements of intermediates and end products that were made during L-cysteine enzymic synthesis, metabolic control anal. of the pathway was carried out using the kinetic model. The elasticity coefficients and the flux control coefficients were calculated, and the anal. revealed a shift in the flux control from CS to CD during the reaction. The findings further implicate potential targets and strategies for increasing L-cysteine production; for example, the strain TS1138 could be manipulated by site-directed mutagenesis to reduce CD activity.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Detoxication of cyanide by cystine, published in 1956, which mentions a compound: 2150-55-2, Name is 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, Synthetic Route of C4H6N2O2S.

cf. C.A. 46, 5633a. Chem. studies on the nature of the reaction product between cystine and cyanide support formulation of the structure as 2-imino-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (I). I was inert metabolically when fed to the rat or injected. I with acid yielded a small amount of thiocyanate. I was isolated from the urine of rats given NaCN subcutaneously; 80% of the cyanide was accounted for as thiocyanate. When L-cystine-S35 was administered 1st, the compounds excreted were labeled. Radioactivity measurements showed that I came from cystine, while the thiocyanate was formed from other sources of S. The reaction with cystine constitutes an independent pathway for detoxification of cyanide. The method of Schöberl and Hamm (C.A. 43, 1014f) yielded 66% I, m. 212°, [α]D29 -2.18° (c 1, water). I with Raney Ni yielded alanine. I with Ac2O in alk. aqueous solution yielded the 3-Ac compound (II), m. 179-80°, [α]D29 -1.52° (c 1, water). I (5 g.) in EtOH saturated with dry HCl and allowed to stand 24 hrs. yielded 5 g. Et ester-HCl, m. 115-16°. The Et ester of II, m. 136°.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Application of 2150-55-2. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Kinetic properties of a L-cysteine desulfhydrase-deficient mutant in the enzymic formation of L-cysteine from D,L-ATC.

A mutant strain lacking L-cysteine desulfhydrase was screened after UV treatment of Pseudomonas sp. CU6. The properties of the original and mutant strains were compared on the basis of parameter values estimated from kinetic simulation of the enzymic formation of L-cysteine from D,L-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATC). Both strains suffered from product inhibition, but inhibition was less for the mutant strain.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 4-Aminopyrimidine(SMILESS: C1=CN=CN=C1N,cas:591-54-8) is researched.Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid. The article 《Spectrum of antiviral activity of 4-aminopyrimidine N-oxides against a broad panel of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains》 in relation to this compound, is published in Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:591-54-8).

Tick-borne encephalitis is an important human arbovirus neuroinfection spread across the Northern Eurasia. Inhibitors of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strain Absettarov, presumably targeting E protein n-octyl-β-D-glucoside (β-OG) pocket, were reported earlier. In this work, these inhibitors were tested in vitro against seven strains representing three main TBEV subtypes. The most potent compound, 2-[(2-methyl-1-oxido-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-yl)amino]-phenol, showed EC50 values lower than 22 μM against all the tested strains. Nevertheless, EC50 values for virus samples of certain strains demonstrated a substantial variation, which appeared to be consistent with the presence of E protein not only in infectious virions, but also in non-infectious and immature virus particles, protein aggregates, and membrane complexes.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 2150-55-2, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, about The analysis of 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in the plasma of smokers and non-smokers, the main research direction is forensic analysis ATCA plasma human smoker GC MS; cyanide poisoning biomarker ACTA plasma human smoker GC MS; gas chromatog mass spectrometry ACTA plasma human cyanide poisoning.Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

ATCA (2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid) is a promising marker to assess cyanide exposure because of several advantages of ATCA anal. over direct determination of cyanide and alternative cyanide biomarkers (i.e. stability in biol. matrixes, consistent recovery, and relatively small endogenous concentrations). Concentrations of ATCA in the plasma of smoking and nonsmoking human volunteers were analyzed using gas chromatog. mass spectrometry to establish the feasibility of using ATCA as a marker for cyanide exposure. The levels of ATCA in plasma of smoking volunteers, 17.2 ng/mL, were found to be significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of nonsmoking volunteers, 11.8 ng/mL. Comparison of ATCA concentrations of smokers relative to nonsmokers in both urine and plasma yielded relatively similar results. The concentration ratio of ATCA for smokers vs. nonsmokers in plasma and urine was compared to similar literature studies of cyanide and thiocyanate, and correlations are discussed. This study supports previous evidence that ATCA can be used to determine past cyanide exposure and indicates that further studies should be pursued to validate the use of ATCA as a marker of cyanide exposure. As far as I know, this compound(2150-55-2)Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid can be applied in many ways, which is helpful for the development of experiments. Therefore many people are doing relevant researches.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Sather, Aaron C.; Martinot, Theodore A. researched the compound: 4-Bromo-1-methyl-2-nitro-1H-imidazole( cas:121816-79-3 ).Recommanded Product: 121816-79-3.They published the article 《Data-Rich Experimentation Enables Palladium-Catalyzed Couplings of Piperidines and Five-Membered (Hetero)aromatic Electrophiles》 about this compound( cas:121816-79-3 ) in Organic Process Research & Development. Keywords: data experimentation palladium catalyzed coupling piperidine heterocyclic electrophile. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:121816-79-3).

To circumvent a current limitation in palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling methodol., high-throughput experimentation was used to identify a catalyst capable of fusing piperidine-based nucleophiles with five-membered (hetero)aromatic bromides. A decomposition pathway for the standard electrophile was found, and a base screen was used to identify conditions that suppress this undesired transformation. Building on this, systematic optimization using a Design of Experiments approach delivered mild reaction conditions that were then subsequently applied to a variety of coupling partners.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem