Month: April 2022

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Application of 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic Acid as a Forensic Marker of Cyanide Exposure, the main research direction is forensic marker cyanide exposure aminothiazoline 4 carboxylate.SDS of cas: 2150-55-2.

Cyanides are infamous for their highly poisonous properties. Accidental cyanide poisoning occurs frequently, but occasionally, intentional poisonings also occur. Inhalation of fumes generated by fire may also cause cyanide poisoning. There are many limitations in direct anal. of cyanide. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), a cyanide metabolite, seems to be the only surrogate that is being used in the detection of cyanide because of its stability and its cyanide-dependent quality in biol. matrix. Unfortunately, the toxicokinetic study on diverse animal models suggests significant interspecies differences; therefore, the attempt to extrapolate animal models to human model is unsuccessful. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of ATCA as a forensic marker of cyanide exposure. For this purpose, postmortem materials (blood and organs) from fire victims and cyanide-poisoned persons were collected. The distribution of ATCA in organs and its thermal stability were evaluated. The variability of cyanides in purified sample and in the context of their long-term and higher temperature stability was established. The presence of ATCA was detected by using LC-MS/MS method and that of cyanide was detected spectrofluorimetrically. This is the first report on the determination of ATCA distribution in tissues of fire victims and cyanide-poisoned persons. It was found that blood and heart had the highest ATCA concentrations ATCA was observed to be thermally stable even at 90°. Even though the cyanide concentration was not elevated in purified samples, it was unstable during long-term storage and at higher temperature, as expected. The relationship between ATCA and cyanides was also observed Higher ATCA concentrations were related to increased levels of cyanide in blood and organs (less prominent). ATCA seems to be a reliable forensic marker of exposure to LDs of cyanide.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthetic Route of C4H6N2O2S. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Fed-batch fermentation kinetics of L-cysteine producing Pseudomonas strain TS1138. Author is Huai, Lihua; Zhou, Changping; Chen, Ning; Yang, Wenbo; Bai, Gang.

L-cysteine was produced by means of microbial transformation of DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (DL-ATC) in the presence of L-cysteine synthesizing enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. TS1138. Based on the exptl. data of fed-batch fermentation in 5 L fermentation reactor, the kinetic model of cell growth, enzyme production and substrate consumption were constructed. Three kinetic models were in good agreement with the exptl. results through proper anal. by software MATALAB. The kinetic models appeared to provide a reasonable description for each parameter in the fermentation

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Bruni, Fabrizio; Selleri, Silvia; Costanzo, Annarella; Guerrini, Gabriella; Ciciani, Giovanna; Costagli, Camilla; Sacco, Cristiana; Donato, Rosa published an article about the compound: 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine( cas:91912-53-7,SMILESS:NC1=CC(C2=CC=NC=C2)=NN1 ).Formula: C8H8N4. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:91912-53-7) through the article.

A series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimidin-6-ones, I (R1 = H, Me, Ph, 2-furyl, etc., R2 = cyano, CO2Et, H, Ph, NO2, Cl, R3, R4 = H, Me), was prepared by a simple synthetic procedure based on the reaction of hydroxylamine or methoxyamine with 2,3-substituted Et 7-dimethylaminovinyl pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-carboxylates II. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained compounds was evaluated on a series of standard strains of Gram pos., Gram neg. bacteria and fungi. None of the tested compounds showed significant activity.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about LC-MS/MS method development and validation for quantitative analyses of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid – a new cyanide exposure marker in post mortem blood.HPLC of Formula: 2150-55-2.

2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) is a hydrogen cyanide metabolite that has been found to be a reliable biomarker of cyanide poisoning, because of its long-term stability in biol. material. There are several methods of ATCA determination; however, they are restricted to extraction on mixed mode cation exchange sorbents. To date, there has been no reliable method of ATCA determination in whole blood, the most frequently used material in forensic anal. This novel method for ATCA determination in post mortem specimen includes protein precipitation, and derivatization of interfering compounds and their later extraction with Et acetate. ATCA was quant. analyzed via HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry with pos. electrospray ionization detection using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatog. column. The method satisfied all validation criteria and was tested on the real samples with satisfactory results. Therefore, this anal. approach has been proven to be a tool for measuring endogenous levels of ATCA in post mortem specimens. To conclude, a novel, accurate and sensitive method of ATCA determination in post mortem blood was developed. The establishment of the method provides new possibilities in the field of forensic science.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Gopalsamy, Ariamala; Ciszewski, Greg; Shi, Mengxiao; Berger, Dan; Hu, Yongbo; Lee, Frederick; Feldberg, Larry; Frommer, Eileen; Kim, Steven; Collins, Karen; Wojciechowicz, Donald; Mallon, Robert published an article about the compound: 3-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine( cas:91912-53-7,SMILESS:NC1=CC(C2=CC=NC=C2)=NN1 ).Category: pyrazines. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:91912-53-7) through the article.

Our continued effort towards optimization of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold as B-Raf kinase inhibitors is described. Structure guided design was utilized to introduce kinase hinge region interacting groups in the 2-position of the scaffold. This strategy led to the identification of lead compound 9 with enhanced enzyme and cellular potency, while maintaining good selectivity over a number of kinases.

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Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H6N2O2S, CAS is 2150-55-2, about Enzymatic production of L-cysteine from DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid by Pseudomonas thiazolinophilum: optimal conditions for the enzyme formation and enzymatic reaction.Quality Control of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Cultivation of P. thiazolinophilum AJ 3854 for the production of the enzyme which could form L-cysteine [52-90-4] from DL-2-amino-Δ2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (I) [2150-55-2] and the reaction conditions of this enzyme were investigated. This enzyme was inducible, intracellular, and growth-associated A marked inactivation of enzyme was observed, especially in the growing phase, but could be prevented by 1∼10 mM Mn2+ or by I as inducer at the mid-logarithmic phase. Enzymic degradation of L-cysteine (or L-cystine [56-89-3]) formed from I could be prevented by the addition of hydroxylamine or semicarbazide. Thus, L-cysteine and L-cystine were quant. produced from I. Optimal pH and temperature of enzymic reaction were 8.2 and 42° (2 h), resp. A sigmoidal reaction curve was observed when intact cells were used as enzyme source, but sonic treatment of cells made the curve linear.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Application of 1827-27-6. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 5-Amino-2-fluoropyridine, is researched, Molecular C5H5FN2, CAS is 1827-27-6, about Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as IDO1/TDO dual inhibitors. Author is Cui, Guonan; Lai, Fangfang; Wang, Xiaoyu; Chen, Xiaoguang; Xu, Bailing.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are involved in the key steps of tryptophan metabolism and are potential new targets for tumor immunotherapy. In this work, a variety of indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives I (R1 = H, 7-F, NHAc, etc.; X = NH, NMe, S; Y = NH, S, -NHCH2-, etc.; Ar = 4-F-3-Cl-C6H3, 4-F-3-OMe-C6H3, 3-Cl-3-OMe-C6H3, etc.) were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against both enzymes along with structure-activity relationships were investigated. As a result, a number of 6-acetamido-indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives were found to be potent dual inhibitors with IC50 values at low micromolar levels. Among them, compound I (R1 = 6-NHAc, X = N, Y = NH, Ar = 3,4-di-F-C6H3) was the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.17μM for IDO1, and 1.55μM for TDO, resp. In addition, a para-benzoquinone derivative II, resulted from the oxidation of compound I (R1 = 6-NHEt, X = NH, Y = NH, Ar = 4-F-3-Cl-C6H3), was also identified and it showed strong inhibition against the two enzymes with IC50 values at the double digit nanomolar level. Using mol. docking and mol. dynamic simulations, authors predicted the binding modes of this class of compounds within IDO1 and TDO binding pocket. The results provide insights for further structural optimization of this series of IDO1/TDO dual inhibitors.

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Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Name: 4-Aminopyrimidine. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 4-Aminopyrimidine, is researched, Molecular C4H5N3, CAS is 591-54-8, about Racemization-free synthesis of dipeptide, amide and ester by oxalyl chloride and catalytic triphenylphosphine oxide. Author is Ren, Ji-Wei; Tong, Meng-Nan; Zhao, Yu-Fen; Ni, Feng.

An efficient triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3PO) catalyzed amidation and esterification reaction for rapid synthesis of a series of dipeptides, amides and esters under mild condition is described. This reaction is applicable to challenging couplings of hindered carboxylic acid with low nucleophilic amine or alc., giving products in good yields (67-90%) without any racemization. This system employs highly reactive intermediate Ph3PCl2 as activator of carboxylate, in a catalytic manner, and drive the reaction to complete in short reaction time (less than 10 min). It has the advantages of good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope and good atom-economy. A 100 mmol scale reaction with good yield shed light on its potential for industrial application. A plausible mechanism is proposed based on 31P NMR monitor of reaction process.

In some applications, this compound(591-54-8)Name: 4-Aminopyrimidine is unique.If you want to know more details about this compound, you can contact with the author or consult more relevant literature.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 1827-27-6, is researched, Molecular C5H5FN2, about 2-Aminoadipic Acid-C(O)-Glutamate Based Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligands for Potential Use as Theranostics, the main research direction is aminoadipic acid glutamate prostate specific membrane antigen theranostic.Formula: C5H5FN2.

The design and synthesis of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands derived from 2-aminoadipic acid, a building block that has not previously been used to construct PSMA ligands, are reported. The effects of both the linker length and of an N-substituent of our PSMA ligands were probed, and X-ray structures of five of these ligands bound to PSMA were obtained. Among the ligands disclosed herein, I showed the highest inhibitory activity for PSMA. As ligand I can readily be radiolabeled since its fluorine atom is adjacent to the nitrogen atom of its pyridine ring, the use of this and related compounds as theranostics can be pursued.

In some applications, this compound(1827-27-6)Formula: C5H5FN2 is unique.If you want to know more details about this compound, you can contact with the author or consult more relevant literature.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters called Scaffold and Parasite Hopping: Discovery of New Protozoal Proliferation Inhibitors, Author is Singh, Baljinder; Bernatchez, Jean A.; McCall, Laura-Isobel; Calvet, Claudia M.; Ackermann, Jasmin; Souza, Julia M.; Thomas, Diane; Silva, Everton M.; Bachovchin, Kelly A.; Klug, Dana M.; Jalani, Hitesh B.; Bag, Seema; Buskes, Melissa J.; Leed, Susan E.; Roncal, Norma E.; Penn, Erica C.; Erath, Jessey; Rodriguez, Ana; Sciotti, Richard J.; Campbell, Robert F.; McKerrow, James; Siqueira-Neto, Jair L.; Ferrins, Lori; Pollastri, Michael P., which mentions a compound: 591-54-8, SMILESS is C1=CN=CN=C1N, Molecular C4H5N3, HPLC of Formula: 591-54-8.

Utilizing a target repurposing and parasite-hopping approach, we tested a previously reported library of compounds that were active against Trypanosoma brucei, plus 31 new compounds, against a variety of protozoan parasites including Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. This led to the discovery of several compounds with submicromolar activities and improved physicochem. properties that are early leads toward the development of chemotherapeutic agents against kinetoplastid diseases and malaria.

In some applications, this compound(591-54-8)HPLC of Formula: 591-54-8 is unique.If you want to know more details about this compound, you can contact with the author or consult more relevant literature.

Reference:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem