Month: December 2021

Recently I am researching about SENSITIVE FLUORESCENT-PROBE; HSA; SENSOR; RECOGNITION; SITE; QUANTIFICATION; FLUOROPHORES; DIAGNOSIS; INSIGHTS; BINDING, Saw an article supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21977080]; Tianjin Municipal Natural Science FoundationNatural Science Foundation of Tianjin [17JCZDJC33100, 18JCYBJC91300]; CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) [2016-I2M-3-015]. Published in ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY in CAMBRIDGE ,Authors: Wang, ZG; Yan, XJ; Liu, HB; Zhang, DL; Liu, W; Xie, CZ; Li, QZ; Xu, JY. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Human serum albumin (HSA) is considered as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of renal disease, therefore identifying and detecting HSA in biological fluids (especially urine) with an easy method is of great importance. Herein, we report a novel hydrazide Schiff base fluorescent probeN ‘-((7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide (NPC), which self-assembled into nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Based on disassembly-induced emission and the site-specific recognition mechanism, the binding ofNPCwith HSA resulted in a fluorescence turn-on response. ProbeNPCexhibited superior selectivity and sensitivity toward HSA with a detection limit of 0.59 mg L(-1)in PBS and 0.56 mg L(-1)in the urine sample. The site-binding mechanism ofNPCwith HSA was explored by fluorescence quenching study, Job’s plot analysis, HSA destruction, site marker displacement and molecular docking. Fluorescence imaging of HSA in MCF-7 cells was achieved by using a non-toxicNPCprobe, suggesting thatNPCcould be applied to visualize the level of HSAin vivo. More importantly, further practical applications of probeNPCin human urine samples were achieved with satisfactory results by using a fluorometer or test paper, which could provide extensive application in clinical diagnosis.

Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Wang, ZG; Yan, XJ; Liu, HB; Zhang, DL; Liu, W; Xie, CZ; Li, QZ; Xu, JY or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Synthesis and catalytic applications of Ru and Ir complexes containing N,O-chelating ligand WOS:000575166800007 published article about TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; ALPHA-ALKYLATION; RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES; PRIMARY ALCOHOLS; KETONES; IRIDIUM; DEHYDROGENATION; REACTIVITY; SECONDARY; BEARING in [Pakyapan, Bilge; Kavukcu, Serdar Batikan; Turkmen, Hayati] Univ Ege, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey; [Sahin, Zarife Sibel] Univ Sinop, Sci & Technol Res Applicat & Res Ctr, Sinop, Turkey in 2020, Cited 44. Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

A series of monometallic complexes (Ru1-3, Ir-1(-3)) which have N,O-chelating ligand (pyrazine-2carboxylate (1), pyridine-2-carboxylate (2), quinoline carboxylate(3) and bimetallic complexes (Ru-4,Ru-5, Ir-4(,5)) bridged by pyrazine-2,3- dicarboxylate (4) and imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate(5) were synthesized and characterized by H-1-, C-13 NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis. The crystal structure of Ir-2 was determined by X-ray crystallography. The complexes (Ru1-5, Ir1-5) were applied to investigate the electronic and steric effect of ligand in their catalytic activities in transfer hydrogenation and alpha(alpha)-alkylation reaction of ketones with alcohols. The activities of iridium complexes (Ir1-5) were much more efficient than ruthenium complexes (Ru1-5). The highest activity for both reactions was observed for the complex (Ir2 ) with pyridine-2-carboxylate. The Ir hydride species was monitored for both reactions. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Pentacyanoferrate(II) complex of pyridine-4-and pyrazine-2-hydroxamic acid as source of HNO: investigation of anti-tubercular and vasodilation activities WOS:000555669500001 published article about MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PRUSSIAN BLUE; NITROXYL; PYRAZINAMIDE; INSIGHTS; DRUG; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS; RESISTANCE; NO in [Carvalho, Edinilton Muniz; Paulo, Tercio de Freitas; Saquet, Alix Sournia; Chauvin, Remi; Bernardes-Genisson, Vania] CNRS, Lab Chim Coordinat, LCC, UPR 8241, 205 Route Narbonne,BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France; [Carvalho, Edinilton Muniz; Paulo, Tercio de Freitas; Chauvin, Remi; Bernardes-Genisson, Vania] Univ Toulouse, Univ Paul Sabatier, UPS, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France; [Carvalho, Edinilton Muniz; Paulo, Tercio de Freitas; Franca Lopes, Luiz Gonzaga; Silva Sousa, Eduardo Henrique] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Quim Organ & Inorgan, Grp Bioinorgen, Campus Pici, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; [Abbadi, Bruno Lopes; Macchi, Fernanda Souza; Bizarro, Cristiano Valim] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande Do Sul PUCRS, Ctr Pesquisas Biol Mol & Func CPBMF, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; [Abbadi, Bruno Lopes; Macchi, Fernanda Souza; Bizarro, Cristiano Valim; Franca Lopes, Luiz Gonzaga; Silva Sousa, Eduardo Henrique] Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol TB INCT TB, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; [Campos, Rafael de Morais; Abrantes Ferreira, Talles Luann; Falcao do Nascimento, Nilberto Robson] Univ Estadual Ceara, Lab Farmacol Cardiovasc & Renal, Campus Itaperi, BR-60714903 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil in 2020, Cited 40. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Product Details of 98-97-5

A pharmacophore design approach, based on the coordination chemistry of an intimate molecular hybrid of active metabolites of pro-drugs, known to release active species upon enzymatic oxidative activation, is devised. This is exemplified by combining two anti-mycobacterial drugs: pyrazinamide (first line) and delamanid (third line) whose active metabolites are pyrazinoic acid (PyzCOOH) and likely nitroxyl (HNO (or NO.)), respectively. Aiming to generate those active species, a hybrid compound was envisaged by coordination of pyrazine-2-hydroxamic acid (PyzCONHOH) with a Na-3[Fe-II(CN)(5)] moiety. The corresponding pentacyanoferrate(II) complex Na-4[Fe-II(CN)(5)(PyzCONHO(-))] was synthesized and characterized by several spectroscopic techniques, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT calculations. Chemical oxidation of this complex with H(2)O(2)was shown to induce the release of the metabolite PyzCOOH, without the need of theMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) pyrazinamidase enzyme (PncA). Control experiments show that both H2O2- and N-coordinated pyrazine Fe(II)species are required, ruling out a direct hydrolysis of the hydroxamic acid or an alternative oxidative route through chelation of a metal center by a hydroxamic group. The release of HNO was observed using EPR spectroscopy in the presence of a spin trapping agent. The devised iron metal complex of pyrazine-2-hydroxamic acid was found inactive against an actively growing/non-resistantMtbstrain; however, it showed a strong dose-dependent and reversible vasodilatory activity with mostly lesser toxic effects than the reference drug sodium nitroprussiate, unveiling thus a potential indication for acute or chronic cardiovascular pathology. This is a priori a further indirect evidence of HNO release from this metal complex, standing as a possible pharmacophore model for an alternative vasodilator drug.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Carvalho, EM; Paulo, TD; Saquet, AS; Abbadi, BL; Macchi, FS; Bizarro, CV; Campos, RD; Ferreira, TLA; do Nascimento, NRF; Lopes, LGF; Chauvin, R; Sousa, EHS; Bernardes-Genisson, V or send Email.. Product Details of 98-97-5

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recently I am researching about GOLD COMPLEXES; GOLD(III) COMPLEXES; AU(I) COMPLEXES; ACID; AURANOFIN; LIGANDS; AGENTS; BROAD, Saw an article supported by the UCSC COR Grant; DMR Grant from NSF [1409335]; NIH IMSD GrantUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) – USA [2R25GM058903]. Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. Published in AMER CHEMICAL SOC in WASHINGTON ,Authors: Stenger-Smith, J; Kamariza, M; Chakraborty, I; Ouattara, R; Bertozzi, CR; Mascharak, PK. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

As part of the quest for new gold drugs, we have explored the efficacy of three gold complexes derived from the tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide (PZA), namely, the gold(I) complex [Au(PPh3)(PZA)]OTf (1, OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) and two gold(III) complexes [Au(PZA)Cl-2] (2) and [Au(PZO)Cl-2] (3, PZO = pyrazinoic acid, the metabolic product of PZA) against two mycobacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Only complex 1 with the {Au(PPh3)}(+) moiety exhibits significant bactericidal activity against both strains. In the presence of thiols, 1 gives rise to free PZA and {Au(PPh3)}-thiol polymeric species. A combination of PZA and the {Au(PPh3)}-thiol polymeric species appears to lead to enhanced efficacy of 1 against M. tuberculosis.

Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Name: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. In 2021 DALTON T published article about COLON-CANCER CELLS; PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR DOCKING; PT(II) COMPLEXES; BENIGN SYNTHESIS; DNA CLEAVAGE; CT-DNA; LIGANDS; BINDING; ANTICANCER in [Omondi, Reinner O.; Ojwach, Stephen O.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem & Phys, Private Bag X01, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; [Sibuyi, Nicole R. S.; Fadaka, Adewale O.; Meyer, Mervin] Univ Western Cape, Dept Biotechnol, Bag X17, ZA-7535 Cape Town, South Africa; [Jaganyi, Deogratius] Mt Kenya Univ, Sch Pure & Appl Sci, POB 342-01000, Thika, Kenya; [Jaganyi, Deogratius] Durban Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Dept Chem, POB 1334, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa in 2021, Cited 70. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Treatments of N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (L-1), N-(quinolin-8-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (L-2), N-(quinolin-8-yl)picolinamide (L-3) and N-(quinolin-8-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide (L-4) with [PdCl2(NCMe)](2) afforded the corresponding Pd(ii) complexes, [Pd(L-1)Cl] (PdL1); [Pd(L-2)Cl] (PdL2); [Pd(L-3)Cl] (PdL3); and [Pd(L-4)Cl] (PdL4) in moderate yields. Structural characterisation of the compounds was achieved by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The solid-state structures of complexes PdL2-PdL4 established the presence of one tridentate carboxamide and Cl ligands around the Pd(ii) coordination sphere, to give distorted square planar complexes. Electrochemical investigations of PdL1-PdL4 showed irreversible one-electron oxidation reactions. Kinetics reactivity of the complexes towards bio-molecules, thiourea (Tu), l-methionine (L-Met) and guanosine 5 ‘-diphosphate disodium salt (5 ‘-GMP) decreased in the order: PdL1 > PdL2 > PdL3 > PdL4, in tandem with the density functional theory (DFT) data. The complexes bind favourably to calf thymus (CT-DNA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the order of their interactions agrees with the substitution kinetics trends. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of PdL1-PdL4 were examined in cancer cell lines A549, PC-3, HT-29, Caco-2, and HeLa, and a normal cell line, KMST-6. Overall, PdL1 and PdL3 displayed potent cytotoxic effects on A549, PC-3 HT-29 and Caco-2 comparable to cisplatin. All the investigated complexes exhibited lower toxicity on normal cells than cisplatin.

Name: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Omondi, RO; Sibuyi, NRS; Fadaka, AO; Meyer, M; Jaganyi, D; Ojwach, SO or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

SDS of cas: 98-97-5. Recently I am researching about COMPLEXES; AZIDO; MN, Saw an article supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21771054, 21571050, 21573056, 21771053]; Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province [162300410015]. Published in TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD in ABINGDON ,Authors: Yang, ZF; Yang, XD; Jin, LY; Dong, KL; Ma, PT; Niu, JY; Wang, JP. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

A high-nuclearity nickel-substituted polyoxotungstate, Na6K5.5H4.5{[Ni-8(OH)(6)(H2O)(2)](CO3)(3)(SiW9O34)(2)}center dot 22H(2)O (1), has been obtained by the reaction of Na-10[alpha-SiW9O34]center dot 18H(2)O, Ni(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O and K(2)CO(3)in aqueous solution and characterized by IR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. Carbonate is not only used to adjust the pH of the solution, but also is a structure-stabilizing agent. The polyoxoanion {[Ni-8(OH)(6)(H2O)(2)](CO3)(3)(SiW9O34)(2)}(16-)(1a) can be regarded as two {[Ni-4(OH)(3)(H2O)](SiW9O34)} subunits connected by three carbonate groups, which represents the first polyanion containing an octanuclear nickel cluster based on trivacant Keggin-type polyoxotungstate {XW9} (X = heteroatom). The subunit {[Ni-4(OH)(3)(H2O)](SiW9O34)} can be viewed as a tetranuclear nickel cluster linked to a trivacant Keggin-type polyoxotungstate {SiW9O34}. Furthermore, magnetic measurements show that1exhibits antiferromagnetic interactions.

SDS of cas: 98-97-5. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Yang, ZF; Yang, XD; Jin, LY; Dong, KL; Ma, PT; Niu, JY; Wang, JP or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

In 2019 CHEMMEDCHEM published article about CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 20S PROTEASOME; ALPHA; EXPRESSION; BORTEZOMIB; SUBSTRATE; DOCKING in [Stubba, Daniel; Bensinger, Dennis; Steinbacher, Janika; Proskurjakov, Lilia; Gomez, Alvaro Salcedo; Schmitz, Katja; Schmidt, Boris] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Clemens Schoepf Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Alarich Weiss Str 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; [Schmidt, Uwe; Roth, Stefan] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Dept Comp Sci, Visual Inference Lab, Huchschulstr 10, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany in 2019, Cited 42. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Safety of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an established therapeutic target for approved drugs to treat selected hematologic malignancies. While drug discovery targeting the UPS focuses on irreversibly binding epoxyketones and slowly-reversibly binding boronates, optimization of novel covalent-reversibly binding warheads remains largely unattended. We previously reported alpha-ketoamides to be a promising reversible lead motif, yet the cytotoxic activity required further optimization. This work focuses on the lead optimization of phenoxy-substituted alpha-ketoamides combining the structure-activity relationships from the primed and the non-primed site of the proteasome beta 5 subunit. Our optimization strategy is accompanied by molecular modeling, suggesting occupation of P1 ‘ by a 3-phenoxy group to increase beta 5 inhibition and cytotoxic activity in leukemia cell lines. Key compounds were further profiled for time-dependent inhibition of cellular substrate conversion. Furthermore, the alpha-ketoamide lead structure 27 does not affect escape response behavior in Danio rerio embryos, in contrast to bortezomib, which suggests increased target specificity.

Safety of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Stubba, D; Bensinger, D; Steinbacher, J; Proskurjakov, L; Gomez, AS; Schmidt, U; Roth, S; Schmitz, K; Schmidt, B or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Pyrazinamide resistance and mutations in pncA among isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan WOS:000458381700012 published article about DRUG-RESISTANCE; GENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PREVALENCE; RPSA in [Khan, Muhammad Tahir; Malik, Shaukat Iqbal] Capital Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Bioinformat & Biosci, Islamabad Expressway,Kahuta Rd,Zone 5, Islamabad, Pakistan; [Ali, Sajid] Quaid E Azam Univ Islamabad & Prov TB Reference, Dept Microbiol, Lab Hayatabad Med Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan; [Masood, Nayyer; Afzal, Muhammad Tanvir] Capital Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan; [Nadeem, Tariq] Univ Punjab, Natl Ctr Excellence Mol Biol, Lahore, Pakistan; [Khan, Anwar Sheed] Khyber Med Univ, Inst Basic Med Sci, Peshawar, Pakistan; [Khan, Anwar Sheed] Prov TB Control Lab, Hayatabad Med Complex Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan in 2019, Cited 39. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

BackgroundPyrazinamide (PZA) is an important component of first-line drugs because of its distinctive capability to kill subpopulations of persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The prodrug (PZA) is converted to its active form, pyrazinoic acid (POA) by MTB pncA-encoded pyrazinamidase (PZase). Mutation in pncA is the most common and primary cause of PZA resistance. The aim of the present study was to explore the molecular characterization of PZA resistance in a Pashtun-dominated region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.MethodsWe performed drug susceptibility testing (DST) on 753 culture-positive isolates collected from the Provincial Tuberculosis Control Program Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using the BACTEC MGIT 960 PZA method. In addition, the pncA gene was sequenced in PZA-resistant isolates, and PZA susceptibility testing results were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of pncA gene mutations.ResultsA total of 69 isolates were PZA resistant (14.8%). Mutations were investigated in 69 resistant, 26 susceptible and one H37Rv isolates by sequencing. Thirty-six different mutations were identified in PZA-resistant isolates, with fifteen mutations, including 194_203delCCTCGTCGTG and 317_318delTC, that have not been reported in TBDRM and GMTV Databases and previous studies. Mutations Lys96Thr and Ser179Gly were found in the maximum number of isolates (n=4 each). We did not detect mutations in sensitive isolates, except for the synonymous mutation 195C>T (Ser65Ser). The sensitivity and specificity of the pncA sequencing method were 79.31% (95% CI, 69.29 to 87.25%) and 86.67% (95% CI, 69.28 to 96.24%).ConclusionMutations in the pncA gene in circulating isolates of geographically distinct regions, especially in high-burden countries, should be investigated for better control and management of drug-resistant TB. Molecular methods for the investigation of PZA resistance are better than DST.

Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Khan, MT; Malik, SI; Ali, S; Masood, N; Nadeem, T; Khan, AS; Afzal, MT or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Pyrazinamide resistance and mutations in pncA among isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan WOS:000458381700012 published article about DRUG-RESISTANCE; GENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PREVALENCE; RPSA in [Khan, Muhammad Tahir; Malik, Shaukat Iqbal] Capital Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Bioinformat & Biosci, Islamabad Expressway,Kahuta Rd,Zone 5, Islamabad, Pakistan; [Ali, Sajid] Quaid E Azam Univ Islamabad & Prov TB Reference, Dept Microbiol, Lab Hayatabad Med Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan; [Masood, Nayyer; Afzal, Muhammad Tanvir] Capital Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan; [Nadeem, Tariq] Univ Punjab, Natl Ctr Excellence Mol Biol, Lahore, Pakistan; [Khan, Anwar Sheed] Khyber Med Univ, Inst Basic Med Sci, Peshawar, Pakistan; [Khan, Anwar Sheed] Prov TB Control Lab, Hayatabad Med Complex Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan in 2019, Cited 39. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

BackgroundPyrazinamide (PZA) is an important component of first-line drugs because of its distinctive capability to kill subpopulations of persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The prodrug (PZA) is converted to its active form, pyrazinoic acid (POA) by MTB pncA-encoded pyrazinamidase (PZase). Mutation in pncA is the most common and primary cause of PZA resistance. The aim of the present study was to explore the molecular characterization of PZA resistance in a Pashtun-dominated region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.MethodsWe performed drug susceptibility testing (DST) on 753 culture-positive isolates collected from the Provincial Tuberculosis Control Program Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using the BACTEC MGIT 960 PZA method. In addition, the pncA gene was sequenced in PZA-resistant isolates, and PZA susceptibility testing results were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of pncA gene mutations.ResultsA total of 69 isolates were PZA resistant (14.8%). Mutations were investigated in 69 resistant, 26 susceptible and one H37Rv isolates by sequencing. Thirty-six different mutations were identified in PZA-resistant isolates, with fifteen mutations, including 194_203delCCTCGTCGTG and 317_318delTC, that have not been reported in TBDRM and GMTV Databases and previous studies. Mutations Lys96Thr and Ser179Gly were found in the maximum number of isolates (n=4 each). We did not detect mutations in sensitive isolates, except for the synonymous mutation 195C>T (Ser65Ser). The sensitivity and specificity of the pncA sequencing method were 79.31% (95% CI, 69.29 to 87.25%) and 86.67% (95% CI, 69.28 to 96.24%).ConclusionMutations in the pncA gene in circulating isolates of geographically distinct regions, especially in high-burden countries, should be investigated for better control and management of drug-resistant TB. Molecular methods for the investigation of PZA resistance are better than DST.

Application In Synthesis of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Khan, MT; Malik, SI; Ali, S; Masood, N; Nadeem, T; Khan, AS; Afzal, MT or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

I found the field of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Identification of Substituted Amino Acid Hydrazides as Novel Anti-Tubercular Agents, Using a Scaffold Hopping Approach published in 2020. Computed Properties of C5H4N2O2, Reprint Addresses Sellars, JD (corresponding author), Newcastle Univ, Biosci Inst, Fac Med Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England.; Sellars, JD (corresponding author), Fac Med Sci, Sch Pharm, King George VI Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Discovery and development of new therapeutic options for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, particularly drug-resistant strains, are urgently required to tackle the global burden of this disease. Herein, we reported the synthesis of a novel series of N-substituted amino acid hydrazides, utilising a scaffold hopping approach within a library of anti-tubercular agents. Efficacy and selectivity were evaluated against three strains of Mtb (wild-type, isoniazid-resistant and rifampicin-resistant), and cytotoxicity against macrophages in vitro. The antibacterial activity and therapeutic index of these molecules were significantly affected by modifications with the N-substituents. Introduction of a 3,5-dinitroaryl moiety demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity against all three strains of Mtb. In contrast, the inclusion of an imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxy moiety resulted in enhanced activity towards isoniazid mono-resistant Mtb relative to wild-type Mtb. Consequently, this scaffold hopping approach showed significant promise for exemplification of novel molecules with specific activity profiles against drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Computed Properties of C5H4N2O2

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem