Month: December 2021

In 2020 J MED CHEM published article about KAURENE-TYPE ORIDONIN; BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; STRUCTURAL MODIFICATION; DITERPENOID ANALOGS; NITROGEN MUSTARDS; SPIROLACTONE-TYPE; ANTICANCER; DERIVATIVES; APOPTOSIS in [Yao, Hong; Xie, Shaowen; Ma, Xiaoqian; Liu, Junkai; Wu, Hongyu; Lin, Aijun; Yao, Hequan; Xu, Shengtao; Xu, Jinyi] China Pharmaceut Univ, State Key Lab Nat Med, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China; [Yao, Hong; Xie, Shaowen; Ma, Xiaoqian; Liu, Junkai; Wu, Hongyu; Lin, Aijun; Yao, Hequan; Xu, Shengtao; Xu, Jinyi] China Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Med Chem, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China; [Li, Dahong] Shenyang Pharmaceut Univ, Sch Tradit Chinese Mat Med, Key Lab Struct Based Drug Design & Discovery, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China; [Yang, Dong-Hua; Chen, Zhe-Sheng] St Johns Univ, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Queens, NY 11439 USA in 2020, Cited 46. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Name: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most highly invasive and metastatic breast cancers without safe and effective therapeutic drugs. The natural product oridonin is reported to be a potential anti-TNBC agent. However, its moderate activity and complex structure hampered its clinical application. In this study, the novel oridonin analogues were first identified by removal of multiple hydroxyl groups and structural simplification of oridonin. The representative analogue 20 exhibited potent anticancer effects. Further structural modification on 20 generated the most potent derivative 56, which possessed 120-fold more potent antiproliferative activity than oridonin in the TNBC cell line HCC1806. Importantly, compound 56 exhibited more potent anticancer activity than paclitaxel in TNBC xenograft nude mice. Moreover, 56 could attenuate the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, p-FAK, and integrin beta 1 to inhibit TNBC cell metastasis. All results suggest that compound 56 may warrant further investigation as a promising candidate agent for the treatment of TNBC.

Name: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

I found the field of Chemistry; Crystallography very interesting. Saw the article Exploration of relative pi-electron localization in naphthalene aromatic rings by C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi interactions: experimental evidence, computational criteria, and database analysis published in 2019. Category: Pyrazines, Reprint Addresses Salimi, A (corresponding author), Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Mashhad, Iran.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Based on the crystal engineering concept, four new esters containing alpha and beta-substituted naphthalene rings were designed, synthesized and fully characterized. The crystal structure analysis of the designed molecules revealed that the C-H-based interactions especially C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi have a significant role in the stabilization of crystal architectures. Regarding the molecular structure of naphthalene rings, one can find that bond lengths are divided into two groups (shorter and longer) so that relative localization is likely to occur in this system. Since pi-electron localization in aromatic rings has been previously introduced as responsible for stronger pi-stacking, this issue was investigated through C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi interaction in this study. Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) analysis was performed by exploration of suitable geometries for C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi(c) and C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi(e) in naphthalene and phenol systems (pi(c) and pi(e) are the centre and edge of the aromatic rings, respectively). The tendency factor (TF) of the C-H moiety toward ring bonds as a new CSD-based criterion was used to detect some of the resonance forms in aromatic rings. The results indicated that C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi(e) is a ubiquitous interaction which can be employed as an experimental probe for the detection of pi-localization in naphthalene rings. Systematic experimental studies, structural evidence and computational results on the title compounds confirmed the relative pi-electron localization, as well.

Category: Pyrazines. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Samie, A; Salimi, A; Garrison, JC or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Authors Guro, K; Horikoshi, R; Nakamura, S; Mitomi, M; Oyama, K; Hirose, T; Sunazuka, T; Omura, S in PESTICIDE SCI SOC JAPAN published article about ACYL-COA; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; INHIBITORS; POTENT; RESISTANCE; METABOLITE in [Guro, Kimihiko; Horikoshi, Ryo; Nakamura, Satoshi; Mitomi, Masaaki; Oyama, Kazuhiko] Meiji Seika Pharma Co Ltd, Agr & Vet Div, Agr & Vet Res Labs, Kohoku Ku, 760 Morooka Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; [Hirose, Tomoyasu; Sunazuka, Toshiaki; Omura, Satoshi] Kitasato Univ, Kitasato Inst Life Sci, Grad Sch Infect Control Sci, Tokyo, Japan in 2019, Cited 22. Computed Properties of C5H4N2O2. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

Pyripyropene A (PP-A), a secondary metabolite produced by filamentous fungi, shows insecticidal activity against agricultural insect pests. Synthesized PP derivatives also show a narrow insecticidal spectrum but high insecticidal activities against such sucking pests. PP-A has a low eco-toxicological impact and satisfies a prerequisite for next-generation insecticides. We investigated the effects of conversion of the 3-pyridyl and a-pyrone rings to other rings, as well as the effects of esterification, dehydration, and oxidization at the C-13 position in natural PP analogues, on the insecticidal activity and spectrum. The conversions of the 3-pyridyl and alpha-pyrone rings markedly reduced the insecticidal activity with a minimal impact on the spectrum, indicative of an important role for these rings in insecticidal activity. Some derivatives with modified structures at the C-13 position showed a higher inhibitory effect on the motility of canine heartworms and mosquito vectors than did PP-A, suggesting their utility as filaria control drugs.

Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Guro, K; Horikoshi, R; Nakamura, S; Mitomi, M; Oyama, K; Hirose, T; Sunazuka, T; Omura, S or send Email.. Computed Properties of C5H4N2O2

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Computed Properties of C5H4N2O2. In 2019 EUR J DRUG METAB PH published article about RENAL-FUNCTION; METABOLITES; CLEARANCE; RIFAMPIN in [Mugabo, Pierre; Mulubwa, Mwila] Univ Western Cape, Sch Pharm, Private Bag X17, ZA-7535 Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa in 2019, Cited 28. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Background and ObjectivesPyrazinamide, a drug used in the regimen for the treatment of drug-sensitive tuberculosis, is also used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide and its major metabolite, pyrazinoic acid, in patients with MDR-TB and characterise the effects of demographic variables.MethodsThis was a non-randomised clinical study involving 51 adult patients admitted for the intensive phase of MDR-TB treatment. Blood samples were collected at pre-dose and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16 and 24h after drug administration. Plasma concentrations of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid were analysed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling using Monolix 2018R1 software was employed to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters.ResultsA one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with transit compartment absorption process and first-order elimination best described the pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid concentration-time data. The estimated population pharmacokinetic parameters were 0.7h, 3.38h(-1), 57.1l, 4.37L/h and 10.5L/h for mean transit time, absorption rate constant, apparent distribution volume for pyrazinamide, and apparent clearance for pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid (CLm/F), respectively. These parameters were not affected by patient age, HIV status or sex. The parameter variability in CLm/F was the highest (83.5%), while the rest of the parameters ranged from 16.2 to 58%.ConclusionsThe developed population pharmacokinetic model adequately described the disposition of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid and can be useful for dose determination of pyrazinamide in patients with MDR-TB.

Computed Properties of C5H4N2O2. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Mugabo, P; Mulubwa, M or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. In 2020 J COORD CHEM published article about COMPLEXES; AZIDO; MN in [Yang, Zongfei; Yang, Xindi; Jin, Linyu; Dong, Kaili; Ma, Pengtao; Niu, Jingyang; Wang, Jingping] Henan Univ, Henan Key Lab Polyoxometalate Chem, Inst Mol & Crystal Engn, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 29. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

A high-nuclearity nickel-substituted polyoxotungstate, Na6K5.5H4.5{[Ni-8(OH)(6)(H2O)(2)](CO3)(3)(SiW9O34)(2)}center dot 22H(2)O (1), has been obtained by the reaction of Na-10[alpha-SiW9O34]center dot 18H(2)O, Ni(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O and K(2)CO(3)in aqueous solution and characterized by IR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. Carbonate is not only used to adjust the pH of the solution, but also is a structure-stabilizing agent. The polyoxoanion {[Ni-8(OH)(6)(H2O)(2)](CO3)(3)(SiW9O34)(2)}(16-)(1a) can be regarded as two {[Ni-4(OH)(3)(H2O)](SiW9O34)} subunits connected by three carbonate groups, which represents the first polyanion containing an octanuclear nickel cluster based on trivacant Keggin-type polyoxotungstate {XW9} (X = heteroatom). The subunit {[Ni-4(OH)(3)(H2O)](SiW9O34)} can be viewed as a tetranuclear nickel cluster linked to a trivacant Keggin-type polyoxotungstate {SiW9O34}. Furthermore, magnetic measurements show that1exhibits antiferromagnetic interactions.

Recommanded Product: 98-97-5. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Formula: C5H4N2O2. Cheng, H; Yang, L; Liu, HF; Zhang, R; Chen, C; Wu, Y; Jiang, W in [Cheng, Hua; Yang, Lu; Liu, Hong-Fu; Zhang, Rui] Hubei Univ Arts & Sci, Dept Chem Engn & Food Sci, Xiangyang 441053, Peoples R China; [Chen, Cheng] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China; [Wu, Yuan; Jiang, Wen] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Chem, Key Lab Pesticide & Chem Biol, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China published N-(4-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)picolinamide as a new inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III: Synthesis, biological evaluation and computational simulations in 2020, Cited 47. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Mitochondrial complex III is one of the most promising targets for a number of pharmaceuticals and fungicides. Due to the wide-spread use of complex III-inhibiting fungicides, a considerable increase of resistance has occurred worldwide. Therefore, inhibitors with novel scaffolds and potent activity against complex III are still in great demand. In this article, a new series of amide compounds bearing the diaryl ether scaffold were designed and prepared, followed by the biological evaluation. Gratifyingly, several compounds demonstrated potent activity against succinate-cytochrome c reductase (SCR, a mixture of mitochondrial complex II and complex III), with compound 3w possessing the best inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.91 +/- 0.09 mu mol/L). Additional studies verified that 3w was a new inhibitor of complex III. Moreover, computational simulations elucidated that 3w should bind to the Q(o) site of complex III. We believe this work will be valuable for the preparation and discovery of more complex III inhibitors.

Formula: C5H4N2O2. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recommanded Product: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Authors Ma, JJ; Chen, SM; Bellotti, P; Guo, RY; Schafer, F; Heusler, A; Zhang, XL; Daniliuc, C; Brown, MK; Houk, KN; Glorius, F in AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE published article about in [Ma, Jiajia; Bellotti, Peter; Schafer, Felix; Heusler, Arne; Zhang, Xiaolong; Daniliuc, Constantin; Glorius, Frank] Westfalische Wilhelms Univ Munster, Organ Chem Inst, Corrensstr 40, D-48149 Munster, Germany; [Chen, Shuming; Houk, Kendall N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Guo, Renyu; Brown, M. Kevin] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA in 2021, Cited 74. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

Dearomative cycloaddition reactions represent an ideal means of converting flat arenes into three-dimensional architectures of increasing interest in medicinal chemistry. Quinolines, isoquinolines, and quinazolines, despite containing latent diene and alkene subunits, are scarcely applied in cycloaddition reactions because of the inherent low reactivity of aromatic systems and selectivity challenges. Here, we disclose an energy transfer-mediated, highly regio- and diastereoselective intermolecular [4 + 2] dearomative cycloaddition reaction of these bicyclic azaarenes with a plethora of electronically diverse alkenes. This approach bypasses the general reactivity and selectivity issues, thereby providing various bridged polycycles that previously have been inaccessible or required elaborate synthetic efforts. Computational studies with density functional theory elucidate the mechanism and origins of the observed regio- and diastereoselectivities.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Recommanded Product: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Authors Dumpala, RMR; Srivastava, A; Rawat, N in PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD published article about MONOCARBOXYLATE-N-OXIDES; PYRIDINE MONOCARBOXYLATES; COMPLEXES; PYRAZINES; THORIUM; NPO2+; PLUTONIUM; CHEMISTRY; EU(III); SPECTRA in [Dumpala, Rama Mohana Rao; Srivastava, Ashutosh; Rawat, Neetika] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Radiochem Div, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India in 2021, Cited 53. Product Details of 98-97-5. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

Pyrazines are omnipresent in nature and have their occurrence in plants, microbes, food supplies, marine arenas. The present studies aimed at aquatic speciation of the neptunyl ion (NpO2+) with two pyrazine compounds namely pyrazine monocarboxylic acid (PMC) and pyrazine dicarboxylic acid (PDC). Absorption spectrophotometry was used to probe the stability, speciation and spectral properties for the complexation process. NpOO2+ forms a more stable complex with PMC than PDC for 1:1 (ML), while for 1:2 (ML2) the opposite trend is observed. The extent of shift in lambda(max), which is also an indicator for the strength of complexation, reflected similar trends for the complexation process. Isothermal titration calorimetry was employed to determine the enthalpies of complex formation, which is found to be endothermic. The complexation process is entropy driven. Linear free energy correlations were established to retrieve the coordination modes of the complexes. The variation in peak potentials (the cyclic voltammograms) with change in pH and metal to ligand ratio were explored to understand redox speciation, electron transfer kinetics and Eh-pH characteristics for the interaction of NpOO2+ with pyrazine carboxylate ligands. Density functional theory calculations were employed to optimize the geometries and to calculate the bond distances and partial charges on key atoms of the optimized geometries. The theoretical calculations helped to reveal the contributions from two different configurations of the same geometry towards the optical absorption. The bond distances and partial charges estimated theoretically helped to understand the aqueous interactions at the molecular level. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Product Details of 98-97-5. Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Category: Pyrazines. I found the field of Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics very interesting. Saw the article Covalent coupling of tuberculostatic agents and graphene oxide: A promising approach for enhancing and extending their antimicrobial applications published in 2019, Reprint Addresses Tudos, M (corresponding author), Ilie Murgulescu Inst Phys Chem, 202 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.; Chifiriuc, MC (corresponding author), Univ Bucharest, Microbiol Immunol Dept, Fac Biol, Aleea Portocalelor 1-3, Bucharest 060101, Romania.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.

In this work, we present a simple, two-stage method for the preparation of new and efficient antimicrobial hybrid systems, based on isoniazid and pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide tuberculostatic agents covalently linked to graphene oxide. In the first step, the carboxyl groups of graphene oxide are activated by transforming them into the corresponding acid chloride groups, which, in the second step, will react with the amino groups of the two drugs. Pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide was obtained from pyrazinoic acid and hydrazine hydrate and was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The materials have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activity was tested on mycobacterial (Mycobacterium terrae), as well as on Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and fungal (Candida albicans ATCC 10231), in planktonic and biofilm growth state. The biocompatibility of the tested compounds was assessed in vitro by live-dead fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. The results of this study have shown that the functionalization of graphene oxide with isoniazid and pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide both enhanced the anti-mycobacterial activity of the respective drugs and extended their antimicrobial spectrum towards other microbial strains, in planktonic and biofilm growth state, showing a promising potential for mitigating the impact of antimicrobial resistance and the deleterious effects of microbial biofilms. At the active tuberculostatic concentrations, the tested compounds exhibit very low cytotoxicity and do not interfere with the cellular cycle of Hep-2 cells. The flow cytometry and live/dead fluorescence staining proved that the tested compounds exhibit a microbicidal effect through induction of cellular lesions, consecutive to membrane depolarization.

Category: Pyrazines. Welcome to talk about 98-97-5, If you have any questions, you can contact Tudos, M; Anghel, EM; Culita, DC; Somacescu, S; Calderon-Moreno, J; Tecuceanu, V; Dumitrascu, FD; Dracea, O; Popa, M; Marutescu, L; Bleotu, C; Curutiu, C; Chifiriuc, MC or send Email.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Solov’eva, SA; Bessonova, EA; Kartsova, LA in [Solov’eva, S. A.; Bessonova, E. A.; Kartsova, L. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Chem, St Petersburg 198504, Russia published Characteristic Profiles of Biologically Active Substances of Blood Plasma Samples from Patients with Tuberculosis Obtained by HPLC in 2019, Cited 14. Computed Properties of C5H4N2O2. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Toxic metabolites (N-acetylisoniazid, pyrazinoic acid, and desacetylrifampicin) of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (ethambutol, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, and isoniazid) are identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which is important in selecting the required dosages of these drugs for the maximum therapeutic effects and the reduction of side effects. Characteristic chromatographic profiles of blood plasma samples from donors with pulmonary tuberculosis (pathology) and a clinically healthy group (norm) are obtained and processed by principal component analysis and the k-nearest neighbor method. A perspective of this approach for obtaining of additional diagnostic criteria for pulmonary tuberculosis is shown.

Bye, fridends, I hope you can learn more about C5H4N2O2, If you have any questions, you can browse other blog as well. See you lster.. Computed Properties of C5H4N2O2

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem