Month: October 2021

I found the field of Chemistry very interesting. Saw the article Synthesis and catalytic applications of Ru and Ir complexes containing N,O-chelating ligand published in 2020. Computed Properties of C5H4N2O2, Reprint Addresses Turkmen, H (corresponding author), Univ Ege, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

A series of monometallic complexes (Ru1-3, Ir-1(-3)) which have N,O-chelating ligand (pyrazine-2carboxylate (1), pyridine-2-carboxylate (2), quinoline carboxylate(3) and bimetallic complexes (Ru-4,Ru-5, Ir-4(,5)) bridged by pyrazine-2,3- dicarboxylate (4) and imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate(5) were synthesized and characterized by H-1-, C-13 NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis. The crystal structure of Ir-2 was determined by X-ray crystallography. The complexes (Ru1-5, Ir1-5) were applied to investigate the electronic and steric effect of ligand in their catalytic activities in transfer hydrogenation and alpha(alpha)-alkylation reaction of ketones with alcohols. The activities of iridium complexes (Ir1-5) were much more efficient than ruthenium complexes (Ru1-5). The highest activity for both reactions was observed for the complex (Ir2 ) with pyridine-2-carboxylate. The Ir hydride species was monitored for both reactions. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Pakyapan, B; Kavukcu, SB; Sahin, ZS; Turkmen, H or concate me.. Computed Properties of C5H4N2O2

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

I found the field of Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Infectious Diseases very interesting. Saw the article SAR Studies Leading to the Identification of a Novel Series of Metallo-beta-lactamase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections That Display Efficacy in an Animal Infection Model published in 2019. Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, Reprint Addresses Davies, DT (corresponding author), Antabio SAS, 436 Rue Pierre & Marie Curie, F-31670 Labege, France.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

The clinical effectiveness of carbapenem antibiotics such as meropenem is becoming increasingly compromised by the spread of both metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) and serine-beta-lactamase (SBL) enzymes on mobile genetic elements, stimulating research to find new beta-lactamase inhibitors to be used in conjunction with carbapenems and other beta-lactam antibiotics. Herein, we describe our initial exploration of a novel chemical series of metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors, from concept to efficacy, in a survival model using an advanced tool compound (ANT431) in conjunction with meropenem.

Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Leiris, S; Coelho, A; Castandet, J; Bayet, M; Lozano, C; Bougnon, J; Bousquet, J; Everett, M; Lemonnier, M; Sprynski, N; Zalacain, M; Pallin, TD; Cramp, MC; Jennings, N; Raphy, G; Jones, MW; Pattipati, R; Shankar, B; Sivasubrahmanyam, R; Soodhagani, AK; Juventhala, RR; Pottabathini, N; Pothukanuri, S; Benvenuti, M; Pozzi, C; Mangani, S; De Luca, F; Cerboni, G; Docquier, JD; Davies, DT or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

HPLC of Formula: C5H4N2O2. In 2020 J COORD CHEM published article about COMPLEXES; AZIDO; MN in [Yang, Zongfei; Yang, Xindi; Jin, Linyu; Dong, Kaili; Ma, Pengtao; Niu, Jingyang; Wang, Jingping] Henan Univ, Henan Key Lab Polyoxometalate Chem, Inst Mol & Crystal Engn, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, Peoples R China in 2020, Cited 29. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

A high-nuclearity nickel-substituted polyoxotungstate, Na6K5.5H4.5{[Ni-8(OH)(6)(H2O)(2)](CO3)(3)(SiW9O34)(2)}center dot 22H(2)O (1), has been obtained by the reaction of Na-10[alpha-SiW9O34]center dot 18H(2)O, Ni(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O and K(2)CO(3)in aqueous solution and characterized by IR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. Carbonate is not only used to adjust the pH of the solution, but also is a structure-stabilizing agent. The polyoxoanion {[Ni-8(OH)(6)(H2O)(2)](CO3)(3)(SiW9O34)(2)}(16-)(1a) can be regarded as two {[Ni-4(OH)(3)(H2O)](SiW9O34)} subunits connected by three carbonate groups, which represents the first polyanion containing an octanuclear nickel cluster based on trivacant Keggin-type polyoxotungstate {XW9} (X = heteroatom). The subunit {[Ni-4(OH)(3)(H2O)](SiW9O34)} can be viewed as a tetranuclear nickel cluster linked to a trivacant Keggin-type polyoxotungstate {SiW9O34}. Furthermore, magnetic measurements show that1exhibits antiferromagnetic interactions.

HPLC of Formula: C5H4N2O2. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Yang, ZF; Yang, XD; Jin, LY; Dong, KL; Ma, PT; Niu, JY; Wang, JP or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. In 2021 ACS CHEM BIOL published article about ASPARTATE-ALPHA-DECARBOXYLASE; PYRAZINAMIDE RESISTANCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ATP SYNTHESIS; MUTATIONS; EXPRESSION; SYNTHASE in [Ragunathan, Priya; Latka, Chitra; Shin, Joon; Manimekalai, Malathy Sony Subramanian; Rishikesan, Sankaranarayanan; Gruber, Gerhard] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Singapore 637551, Singapore; [Cole, Malcolm; Hegde, Pooja; Aldrich, Courtney C.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [Aragaw, Wassihun Wedajo; Dick, Thomas] Hackensack Meridian Hlth, Ctr Discovery & Innovat, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA; [Dick, Thomas] Hackensack Meridian Sch Med, Dept Med Sci, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA; [Dick, Thomas] Georgetown Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA in 2021, Cited 28. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

A common strategy employed in antibacterial drug discovery is the targeting of biosynthetic processes that are essential and specific for the pathogen. Specificity in particular avoids undesirable interactions with potential enzymatic counterparts in the human host, and it ensures ontarget toxicity. Synthesis of pantothenate (Vitamine B5), which is a precursor of the acyl carrier coenzyme A, is an example of such a pathway. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), pantothenate is formed by pantothenate synthase, utilizing D-pantoate and beta-Ala as substrates. beta-Ala is mainly formed by the decarboxylation of L-aspartate, generated by the decarboxylase PanD, which is a homo-oliogomer in solution. Pyrazinoic acid (POA), which is the bioactive form of the TB prodrug pyrazinamide, binds and inhibits PanD activity weakly. Here, we generated a library of recombinant Mtb PanD mutants based on structural information and PZA/POA resistance mutants. Alterations in oligomer formation, enzyme activity, and/or POA binding were observed in respective mutants, providing insights into essential amino acids for Mtb PanD’s proper structural assembly, decarboxylation activity and drug interaction. This information provided the platform for the design of novel POA analogues with modifications at position 3 of the pyrazine ring. Analogue 2, which incorporates a bulky naphthamido group at this position, displayed a 1000-fold increase in enzyme inhibition, compared to POA, along with moderately improved antimycobacterial activity. The data demonstrate that an improved understanding of mechanistic and enzymatic features of key metabolic enzymes can stimulate design of more-potent PanD inhibitors.

Quality Control of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Ragunathan, P; Cole, M; Latka, C; Aragaw, WW; Hegde, P; Shin, J; Manimekalai, MSS; Rishikesan, S; Aldrich, CC; Dick, T; Gruber, G or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Recommanded Product: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. In 2019 CRYSTENGCOMM published article about INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; THROUGH-SPACE INTERACTIONS; FACE-TO-FACE; HYDROGEN-BOND; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CURRENT-DENSITY; SANDWICH; SUBSTITUENTS; COMPLEXES; ENERGIES in [Samie, Ali; Salimi, Alireza] Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Mashhad, Iran; [Garrison, Jered C.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Omaha, NE USA in 2019, Cited 72. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Based on the crystal engineering concept, four new esters containing alpha and beta-substituted naphthalene rings were designed, synthesized and fully characterized. The crystal structure analysis of the designed molecules revealed that the C-H-based interactions especially C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi have a significant role in the stabilization of crystal architectures. Regarding the molecular structure of naphthalene rings, one can find that bond lengths are divided into two groups (shorter and longer) so that relative localization is likely to occur in this system. Since pi-electron localization in aromatic rings has been previously introduced as responsible for stronger pi-stacking, this issue was investigated through C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi interaction in this study. Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) analysis was performed by exploration of suitable geometries for C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi(c) and C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi(e) in naphthalene and phenol systems (pi(c) and pi(e) are the centre and edge of the aromatic rings, respectively). The tendency factor (TF) of the C-H moiety toward ring bonds as a new CSD-based criterion was used to detect some of the resonance forms in aromatic rings. The results indicated that C-HMIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS pi(e) is a ubiquitous interaction which can be employed as an experimental probe for the detection of pi-localization in naphthalene rings. Systematic experimental studies, structural evidence and computational results on the title compounds confirmed the relative pi-electron localization, as well.

Recommanded Product: Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Samie, A; Salimi, A; Garrison, JC or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

I found the field of Pharmacology & Pharmacy very interesting. Saw the article Cell-Based Optimization of Covalent Reversible Ketoamide Inhibitors Bridging the Unprimed to the Primed Site of the Proteasome beta 5 Subunit published in 2019. Product Details of 98-97-5, Reprint Addresses Schmidt, B (corresponding author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Clemens Schoepf Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Alarich Weiss Str 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.. The CAS is 98-97-5. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an established therapeutic target for approved drugs to treat selected hematologic malignancies. While drug discovery targeting the UPS focuses on irreversibly binding epoxyketones and slowly-reversibly binding boronates, optimization of novel covalent-reversibly binding warheads remains largely unattended. We previously reported alpha-ketoamides to be a promising reversible lead motif, yet the cytotoxic activity required further optimization. This work focuses on the lead optimization of phenoxy-substituted alpha-ketoamides combining the structure-activity relationships from the primed and the non-primed site of the proteasome beta 5 subunit. Our optimization strategy is accompanied by molecular modeling, suggesting occupation of P1 ‘ by a 3-phenoxy group to increase beta 5 inhibition and cytotoxic activity in leukemia cell lines. Key compounds were further profiled for time-dependent inhibition of cellular substrate conversion. Furthermore, the alpha-ketoamide lead structure 27 does not affect escape response behavior in Danio rerio embryos, in contrast to bortezomib, which suggests increased target specificity.

Product Details of 98-97-5. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Stubba, D; Bensinger, D; Steinbacher, J; Proskurjakov, L; Gomez, AS; Schmidt, U; Roth, S; Schmitz, K; Schmidt, B or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2. Mustazzolu, A; Piersimoni, C; Iacobino, A; Giannoni, F; Chirullo, B; Fattorini, L in [Mustazzolu, Alessandro] Ist Super Sanita, Serv Comunicaz Sci, Rome, Italy; [Piersimoni, Claudio] AOU Osped Riuniti Ancona, Lab Patol Clin, Lab Unico Reg Diagnost Micobatteri, Ancona, Italy; [Iacobino, Angelo; Giannoni, Federico; Fattorini, Lanfranco] Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Malattie Infett, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy; [Chirullo, Barbara] Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare Nutr & Sanita P, Rome, Italy published Revisiting problems and solutions to decrease Mycobacterium tuberculosis pyrazinamide false resistance when using the Bactec MGIT 960 system in 2019, Cited 22. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a first-line key drug used in combination with other agents for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Phenotypic and molecular assays for testing susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to PZA have been developed, with the assay in liquid medium at acidic pH in the Bactec MGIT 960 (M960) system being routinely used in the mycobacteriology laboratories. However, false resistance to PZA by this method was reported to occur by several investigators, mostly due to high Mtb inoculum, which may impair drug activity by increasing the pH of the medium. In this study, a revision of the literature on the issue of false resistance in the M960 PZA assay was performed. In the reports examined, all improvements of the M960 test proposed to decrease false resistant results were based on the use of reduced inoculum densities of Mtb cells, to be easily translated into laboratory practice.

About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Mustazzolu, A; Piersimoni, C; Iacobino, A; Giannoni, F; Chirullo, B; Fattorini, L or concate me.. COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Authors Wang, JW; Hong, G; Li, GL; Wang, WZ; Liu, TJ in MDPI published article about SIGNALING PATHWAY; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; DERIVATIVES; APOPTOSIS; DESIGN; DISCOVERY; PREDICTION; CURCUMIN; ACID in [Wang, Jiawen; Liu, Tianjun] Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Grad Inst, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China; [Hong, Ge; Li, Guoliang; Wang, Wenzhi; Liu, Tianjun] Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Inst Biomed Engn, Tianjin Key Lab Biomed Mat, Tianjin 300192, Peoples R China; [Hong, Ge; Liu, Tianjun] Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Inst Mat Med, State Key Lab Bioact Subst & Funct Nat Med, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 30. COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5

Bivalent and polyvalent inhibitors can be used as antitumor agents. In this experiment, eight ligustrazine dimers and seven ligustrazine tetramers linked by alkane diamine with different lengths of carbon chain lengths were synthesized. After screening their antiproliferation activities against five cancer cell lines, most ligustrazine derivatives showed better cytotoxicity than the ligustrazine monomer. In particular, ligustrazine dimer 8e linked with decane-1,10-diamine exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in FaDu cells with an IC50 (50% inhibiting concentration) value of 1.36 nM. Further mechanism studies suggested that 8e could induce apoptosis of FaDu cells through the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and S-phase cell cycle arrest. Inspired by these results, twenty-seven additional small molecule heterocyclic dimers linked with decane-1,10-diamine and nine cinnamic acid dimers bearing ether chain were synthesized and screened. Most monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic systems showed highly selective anti-proliferation activity to FaDu cells and low toxicity to normal MCF 10A cells. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the two terminal amide bonds and the alkyl linker with a chain length of 8-12 carbon were two important factors to maintain its antitumor activity. In addition, the ADMET calculation predicted that most of the potent compounds had good oral bioavailability.

COA of Formula: C5H4N2O2. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Wang, JW; Hong, G; Li, GL; Wang, WZ; Liu, TJ or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Safety of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. In 2019 EUR J MED CHEM published article about BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; MOLECULAR DOCKING; 20S PROTEASOME; DESIGN; DERIVATIVES; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; GENERATION; APOPTOSIS; MYELOMA in [Dong, Xiao-Wu; Zhang, Jian-Kang; Che, Jin-Xin; Liu, Tao; Hu, Yong-Zhou] Zhejiang Univ, ZJU ENS Joint Lab Med Chem, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Anticanc Drug Res, Hangzhou Inst Innovat Med,Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; [Xu, Lei; Hu, Xiao-Bei; Sheng, Li; Gao, An-Hui; Li, Jia; Liu, Tao; Zhou, Yu-Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Mat Med, State Key Lab Drug Res, Natl Ctr Drug Screening, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China; [Xu, Lei; Hu, Xiao-Bei; Sheng, Li; Gao, An-Hui; Li, Jia; Zhou, Yu-Bo] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Jian-Kang] Zhejiang Univ City Coll, Sch Med, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, Peoples R China; [Cheng, Gang] Zhejiang Chinese Med Univ, Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Hangzhou 311402, Zhejiang, Peoples R China in 2019, Cited 33. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5.

The potential of specific proteasome inhibitors to act as anti-cancer agents has attracted intensive investigations. The proteasome can be covalently inhibited by epoxyketone derivatives via a two-step reaction. Several computational approaches have been developed to mimic the covalent binding event. Compound 1 composed of a six-membered heterocyclic ring was designed by using covalent docking. With a possible different binding mode from the clinical compound Carfilzomib, it occupied the 55 pocket of 20S proteasome and showed favorable inhibitory activity. Subsequently optimization and evaluation were taken place. Among these compounds, 11h demonstrated extraordinary in vitro inhibitory activity and selectivity, and good in vivo proteasome inhibitory activity, a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and xenograft tumor inhibition. The possible binding pattern of compound 11h against proteasome was further fully explored via calculations, providing a theoretical basis for finding potent proteasome inhibitors. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Safety of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Dong, XW; Zhang, JK; Xu, L; Che, JX; Cheng, G; Hu, XB; Sheng, L; Gao, AH; Li, J; Liu, T; Hu, YZ; Zhou, YB or concate me.

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

An article Covalent coupling of tuberculostatic agents and graphene oxide: A promising approach for enhancing and extending their antimicrobial applications WOS:000455471100063 published article about MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; HYBRID MATERIALS; GRAPHITE; DELIVERY; NANOMATERIALS; CYTOTOXICITY; DOXORUBICIN in [Tudos, Madalina; Anghel, Elena Maria; Culita, Daniela C.; Somacescu, Simona; Calderon-Moreno, Jose] Ilie Murgulescu Inst Phys Chem, 202 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania; [Tecuceanu, Victorita; Dumitrascu, Florea D.] Ctr Organ Chem, 202A Spiaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060023, Romania; [Dracea, Olguta] Cantacussino Natl Inst Res Microbiol & Immunol, 103 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050096, Romania; [Popa, Marcela; Marutescu, Luminita; Curutiu, Carmen; Chifiriuc, Mariana C.] Univ Bucharest, Microbiol Immunol Dept, Fac Biol, Aleea Portocalelor 1-3, Bucharest 060101, Romania; [Popa, Marcela; Marutescu, Luminita; Chifiriuc, Mariana C.] Univ Bucharest ICUB, Res Inst, Bvd M Kogalniceanu 36-46, Bucharest 50107, Romania; [Bleotu, Coralia] Stefan S Nicolau Virol Inst, Mihai Bravu 285, Bucharest 030317, Romania in 2019, Cited 57. The Name is Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 98-97-5. Product Details of 98-97-5

In this work, we present a simple, two-stage method for the preparation of new and efficient antimicrobial hybrid systems, based on isoniazid and pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide tuberculostatic agents covalently linked to graphene oxide. In the first step, the carboxyl groups of graphene oxide are activated by transforming them into the corresponding acid chloride groups, which, in the second step, will react with the amino groups of the two drugs. Pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide was obtained from pyrazinoic acid and hydrazine hydrate and was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The materials have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activity was tested on mycobacterial (Mycobacterium terrae), as well as on Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and fungal (Candida albicans ATCC 10231), in planktonic and biofilm growth state. The biocompatibility of the tested compounds was assessed in vitro by live-dead fluorescence staining and flow cytometry. The results of this study have shown that the functionalization of graphene oxide with isoniazid and pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide both enhanced the anti-mycobacterial activity of the respective drugs and extended their antimicrobial spectrum towards other microbial strains, in planktonic and biofilm growth state, showing a promising potential for mitigating the impact of antimicrobial resistance and the deleterious effects of microbial biofilms. At the active tuberculostatic concentrations, the tested compounds exhibit very low cytotoxicity and do not interfere with the cellular cycle of Hep-2 cells. The flow cytometry and live/dead fluorescence staining proved that the tested compounds exhibit a microbicidal effect through induction of cellular lesions, consecutive to membrane depolarization.

About Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Tudos, M; Anghel, EM; Culita, DC; Somacescu, S; Calderon-Moreno, J; Tecuceanu, V; Dumitrascu, FD; Dracea, O; Popa, M; Marutescu, L; Bleotu, C; Curutiu, C; Chifiriuc, MC or concate me.. Product Details of 98-97-5

Reference:
Patent; Chevron Research Company; US4732894; (1988); A;,
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem