Pyrazines

Assessment of the Physicochemical Properties and Stability for Pharmacokinetic Prediction of Pyrazinoic Acid Derivatives was written by Franchin, Taisa Busaranho;Ulian Silva, Bruna Cristina;DeGrandis, Rone Aparecido;Correa, Michelle Fidelis;Simoes de Queiroz Aranha, Cecilia Maria;S. Fernandes, Joao Paulo;Campos, Michel Leandro;Peccinini, Rosangela Goncalves. And the article was included in Current Drug Metabolism in 2020.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which still has high prevalence worldwide. In addition, cases of drug resistance are frequently observed In the search for new anti-TB drugs, compounds with antimycobacterial activity have been developed, such as derivatives of pyrazinoic acid, which is the main pyrazinamide metabolite. In a previous study, the compounds were evaluated and showed moderate antimycobacterial activity and no important cytotoxic profile; however, information about their pharmacokinetic profile is lacking. Objective: The aim of this work was to perform physicochem., permeability, and metabolic properties of four pyrazinoic acid esters. Method: The compounds were analyzed for their chem. stability, n-octanol:water partition coefficient (logP) and apparent permeability (Papp) in monolayer of Caco-2 cells. The stability of the compounds in rat and human microsomes and in rat plasma was also evaluated. Results: The compounds I, II and IV were found to be hydrophilic, while compound III was the most lipophilic (logP 1.59) compound The apparent permeability measured suggests good intestinal absorption of the compounds Addnl., the compounds showed metabolic stability under action of human and rat microsomal enzymes and stability in rat plasma for at least 6 h. Conclusion: The results bring favorable perspectives for the future development of the evaluated compounds and other pyrazinoic acid derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Category: pyrazines).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is an N-heterocyclic moiety, and it can be easily prepared from ethylenediamine and 1,2-diketone, 浼?hydroxyketone, 浼?methyl ketone. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Ni@zeolite-Y nano-porous: preparation and application as a high efficient catalyst for facile synthesis of quinoxaline, pyridopyrazine, and inadoloquinoxaline derivatives was written by Kalhor, Mehdi;Seyedzade, Zahra. And the article was included in Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering in 2019.Name: Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine This article mentions the following:

In this research, by a simple and modified method, nanoporous of Ni(II) ion loaded Y-type zeolite (NNZ) was designed and applied as a novel highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of quinoxalines, pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines, and indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines 3a-s. These heterocycles were obtained through a one-pot condensation reaction of aryl-1,2-diamines with 1,2-diketones or the isatin in the presence of the catalytic amount of Ni@zeolite-Y in ethanol or acetic acid at room temperature giving good to excellent yield. The structure of entitled catalyst was identified with FT-IR spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), SEM (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) anal. This method has some advantages such as the use of inexpensive, safety, stable and recyclable catalyst, high yields, short reaction times, and easy isolation of the product. It can be claimed that this approach in simplicity covers the goals of green chem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Name: Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Name: Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

The infrared spectra of some diaza- and triazanaphthalenes and of 1,4,5,8-tetraazanaphthalene was written by Armarego, W. L. F.;Barlin, G. B.;Spinner, E.. And the article was included in Spectrochimica Acta in 1966.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

The ir spectra of 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6-, 1,7-, and 1,8-diaza-, 1,3,4-, 1,3,5-, 1,3,6-, 1,3,7-, 1,3,8-, 1,4,5-, and 1,4,6-triaza-, and 1,4,5,8-tetraazanaphthalene, and the Raman spectrum of 1,5-diazanaphthalene, have been determined and correlated. Band assignments for 1,4,5,8-tetraaza- and 1,5-diazanaphthalene are discussed in relation to those for naphthalene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Category: pyrazines).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Triazanaphthalenes. IV. Covalent hydration in 1,4,5-tri- azanaphthalenes was written by Albert, Adrien;Barlin, G. B.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1963.Name: Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine This article mentions the following:

Syntheses, ionization constants, and ultraviolet spectra are presented for some 1,4,5-triazanaphthalenes. By rapid-reaction techniques, it is shown that the cation of the 2-hydroxy derivative binds H₂O covalently at the 3,4-bond. This is the first adduct found to be stabilized by a 2-aminopyridinium type of resonance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Name: Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. A large number of pyrazine derivatives are known for their antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, and diuretic activities.Name: Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Dihydration (covalent) of condensed pyrazine heterocycles was written by Batterham, T. J.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] C: Organic in 1966.Recommanded Product: 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

Proton N.M.R. measurements show that the cations of 1,4,5- and 1,4,6-triazanaphthalene, 1,4,5,8-tetraazanaphthalene, and five of their derivatives add 2 mols. of water reversibly, across the 1,2 and 3,4 C:N bonds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Recommanded Product: 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are part of several biologically active polycyclic compounds; examples are quinoxalines, phenazines; and the bio-luminescent natural products pteridines, flavins, and their derivatives. A number of pyrazine-based derivatives were used as dyes or fluorescent probes.Recommanded Product: 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Far-infrared spectra and the rotational isomerism of symmetrical tetrachloro- and tetrabromoethane was written by Chantry, G. W.;Gebbie, H. A.;Griffiths, P. K.;Lake, R. F.. And the article was included in Spectrochimica Acta in 1966.Synthetic Route of C7H5N3 This article mentions the following:

Far-ir spectra have been recorded of liquid samples of sym. tetrachloro- and tetrabromoethane. These have been used in conjunction with earlier work to derive complete assignments for both rotational isomers of both mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3Synthetic Route of C7H5N3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. Pyrazines are chemical compounds (technically called 閳ユ笗ethoxypyrazines閳? found in grape skin and stems that are responsible for many 閳ユ笀reen閳?flavors in wine. Levels of pyrazines are dependent on viticultural practices, climate, and grape variety.Synthetic Route of C7H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

A facile, catalyst-free mechano-synthesis of quinoxalines and their in-vitro antibacterial activity study was written by Bhutia, Zigmee T.;Prasannakumar, Geethika;Das, Avijit;Biswas, Malabika;Chatterjee, Amrita;Banerjee, Mainak. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2017.SDS of cas: 322-46-3 This article mentions the following:

A catalyst-free, greener and highly efficient method for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives I (R¹ = Ph, Me, H, etc.; R² = H, Me; R³ = H, Me, Cl, NO₂; R⁴ = H, Me; X = CH, N) involving simple liquid assisted hand-grinding (LAG) in a mortar and pestle was developed. The mechanochem. agitation under LAG was sufficient enough for the smooth condensation of both aromatic and heteroaromatic 1,2-diamines with a variety of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to afford the corresponding quinoxalines in high yields. Several of these quinoxaline derivatives inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis in moderate to good effect. Simple substitution in the quinoxaline ring was found to be more effective in antibacterial agents than bulky substitution. In particular, pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines I (R¹ = H, CH₃; R² = R⁴ = H; R³ = H, Br; X = N) showed better activity than others. Overall, the key advantages of this method were simplicity of operation, catalyst-free condition, solvent-less synthesis, low E-factor, cleaner reaction profile, devoid of work-up step, easy purification and shorter reaction times, and the new series of pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines were good antibacterial agents against M. smegmatis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3SDS of cas: 322-46-3).

Pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine (cas: 322-46-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine has the elements of symmetry for the point group D2h. It has three mutually perpendicular two-fold axes. It also has three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry. As a result, pyrazine also has a centre of symmetry. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.SDS of cas: 322-46-3

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Tuning the electrochemical and optical properties of donor-acceptor D-A₂-A₁-A₂-D derivatives with central benzothiadiazole core by changing the A₂ strength was written by Pluczyk-Malek, Sandra;Honisz, Damian;Akkuratov, Alexander;Troshin, Pavel;Lapkowski, Mieczyslaw. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2021.Name: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline This article mentions the following:

Two mols. named QXBT and BXBT with donor-acceptor D-A₂-A₁-A₂-D type of structure were synthesized and characterized by electrochem. (Cyclic and Differential Pulse Voltammetry), spectroscopic and spectroelectrochem. (UV-visible-NIR, Fluorescence and ESR) techniques to evaluate the impact of different A₂ acceptors on properties of such compounds with benzothiadiazole as A₁ central core and alkylthiophene donor moieties. In the case of QXBT, the quinoxaline and in the BXBT mol. the benzoxadiazole serves as a A₂ unit. The studies revealed that changing the A₂ allows to tune the conjugation of mols. and affects not only reduction but oxidation process as well. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3Name: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline).

5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline (cas: 148231-12-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazines are volatile compounds that are used in the cosmetic, food, flavor, and fragrance industries. Pyrazine-based skeletons were incorporated into agents targeting a range of ailments. Many derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential cancer treatments.Name: 5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Structural and solvent effects on alkaline hydrolysis of heterocyclic esters was written by Rao, G. Venkoba;Balakrishnan, M.;Venkatasubramanian, N.;Subramanian, P. V.;Subramanian, V.. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Chemistry in 1981.Reference of 6924-68-1 This article mentions the following:

Saponification of the 3 isomeric Et pyridinecarboxylates (I–III), Et pyridine-2-acetate (IV), Et pyridine-3-acetate (V), Et pyrazinecarboxylate, Et furan-2-carboxylate, and Et thiophene-2-carboxylate, are examined in aqueous EtOH and DMSO-water media. The structural effects on the hydrolysis of I–III have been discussed in terms of aza 锜?values. The assumption of treating ring nitrogen as a ring substituent is truly valid. Structural effects vis-a-vis solvent effects on the hydrolysis of IV and V are discussed in detail. Application of Laidler-Landskroener equation to the saponification of these esters in aqueous EtOH is found to give normal values for the radius of the transition state. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1Reference of 6924-68-1).

Ethyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate (cas: 6924-68-1) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine heterocycles and their benzo derivatives possess many interesting properties, including chemical reactivity profiles, and have diverse applications in total synthesis, medicine, chemical biology, materials, dyes, and imaging. Pyrazines undergo nearly all of the same reactions as pyrimidines, from nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) to palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions.Reference of 6924-68-1

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ligustrazine-chalcone derivatives as potential anti-triple negative breast cancer agents was written by Luo, Yingqi;Wu, Wenhao;Zha, Dailong;Zhou, Wenmin;Wang, Chengxu;Huang, Jianan;Chen, Shaobin;Yu, Lihong;Li, Yuanzhi;Huang, Qinghui;Zhang, Jianye;Zhang, Chao. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2021.Category: pyrazines This article mentions the following:

A series of novel ligustrazine-chalcone hybrids I [R = H, 4-F, 3,5-(MeO)₂, etc.] was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities. The results showed that most of these compounds exhibited significant in vitro cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A549 and HepG2 cell lines with IC₅₀ values as low as sub-micromole. Among them, compounds I [R = 4-MeO, 4-F] possessed better comprehensive characteristics for antiproliferation effects on both MDA-MB-231 (IC₅₀: compound I [R = 4-MeO], 1.60 鍗?0.21娓璏; compound I [R = 4-F], 1.67 鍗?1.25娓璏) and MCF-7 (IC₅₀: compound I [R = 4-MeO], 1.41 鍗?0.23娓璏; compound I [R = 4-F], 1.54 鍗?0.30娓璏). They also exhibited potent colony-formation inhibitory abilities on above two cell lines in both concentration and time dependent manners, as well as significantly suppression capabilities against migration of such cell lines in a concentration dependent manner by wound-healing assay. Of note, compound I [R = 4-MeO] could significantly induce apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration dependent manner and inhibited transformation of growth cycle of MDA-MB-231 cells and blocked cell growth cycle in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, in vivo antiproliferation assay of compound I [R = 4-MeO] on TNBC model indicated such compound had a remarkable potency against tumor growth with a widely safety window. Further immunohistochem. anal. illustrated that compound I [R = 4-MeO] was provided with a potent capacity to significantly reduce Ki-67 pos. rate in a dose dependent manner. All results suggested that these hybrids presented both in vitro and in vivo proliferation inhibition potency against breast cancer and further development with good therapeutic potential should be of great interest. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3Category: pyrazines).

(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 75907-74-3) belongs to pyrazine derivatives. Pyrazine derivatives have antitumor, antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculous and diuretic effects as well as kinase, enzymatic and potent tubulin and FtsZ polymerization inhibitory activities. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes.Category: pyrazines

Referemce:
Pyrazine – Wikipedia,
Pyrazine | C4H4N2 – PubChem